Journal of University of Babylon

On 31 December 2019, WHO received information from National Health Commission concerning the outbreak of Covid-19 which was identified by the Chinese authorities. Unfortunately, it seems that WHO depends to great extent on its announcements and instructions on China authorities’ declaration. Consequently, positive and negative announcements and strategies are adopted in dealing with this pandemic. This causes a great extent of fear and confusion for people around the world despite all the great efforts that WHO to pass this crucial period successfully and safely. The present study is one of the first studies that seeks to offer critical discourse analysis, description, interpretation, and explanation of persuasive strategies of institutional discourse, and more specifically of WHO on Covid-19 by using Larson’s persuasive strategies (2010). It is found that WHO uses certain persuasive strategies by using simple sentences which reflect that the situation is a simple one especially at the beginning of the crisis, then using a complex sentence to show that the situation becomes more complex and there is a need to follow the right measures till finding a suitable vaccine. There is also the use of adjectives that reflect the uncertainty of WHO in finding a suitable roadmap for dealing with this pandemic. It is also found that these persuasive strategies should be based on scientific, psychological, cognitive, social, and cultural perspectives and not just scientific ones because they are used to persuade different people around the world and may affect their lives positively or negatively.

The research focuses on analyzing the cultural content present in several pictures from an English language textbook designed for first intermediate learners in Iraq. Eight pictures were examined to determine their cultural content and type of culture represented. The study employs a qualitative analysis approach and uses an eclectic model that combines Peirce's semiotic analysis framework(1991), Cortazzi and Jin's (1999) types of culture, and the categories of cultural content by the Common European Framework (CEF)(2001) to analyze the pictures. The semiotic analysis revealed that the cultural content of the pictures varied from interpersonal relationships to rituals and customs. The type of culture represented in the pictures was either the source culture or an international culture. The study highlights the effectiveness of using semiotic analysis in understanding the cultural content and type of culture represented in a textbook's picture.

The aesthetic formulation of the sculptures is open to interpretation, as far as it relates to several research influences and fields, such as the environment, culture, belief, religion, and others. And that the sword in the art of sculpture - in particular - has different aesthetic dimensions. Accordingly, the research included four chapters, the first chapter of which was devoted to stating the research problem, which is summarized in the following question: What are the aesthetics of sculptural formulations of swords in international art?
The importance of research and the need for it stems from what the sword represents as a symbolic form that is abbreviated and intensified in meaning, immortalized according to the positions, events and exploits of the people who glorified its status, which is embodied in the beliefs of all peoples. The current research aims to: (know the aesthetics of the sculptural formulations of swords in international art). The research was determined by studying (the sculptural aesthetic formulations of the forms of swords in international art). Within the specified time period 1430-1554).
As for the second chapter, it was devoted to the theoretical framework, and it contained two sections, the first (investigating the concept of beauty). The second (representations of sword shapes in modern art).
The third chapter included (research procedures)، and the research community was identified from the swords contained in the museums (Italy) and the sample models were analyzed (3) sculptural models. The research methodology (descriptive method) was defined, and the fourth chapter contained (results, conclusions, recommendations and proposals), and the most important results are; The samples of the sample revealed a variety in the shapes and appearance of the swords، as the shape of the sword in models (1, 2) is straight and two-edged, while model (3) is curved and two-edged.
Among the most important conclusions; The place (the museums of Italy, including the Bargello Museum / Florence) was a major factor that had a dominant role in seeing and tasting beauty and spreading culture and values in the Renaissance era in particular. It was followed by recommendations, proposals and a list of sources.

It was acknowledged from the Arabs that they say: I spoke ugly, and with ugly words, and the ugly is taken from the verb (ugliness), it is said: ugliness(the base) and the ugly is the opposite of good in the form alone or general in everything. The Arabs objected to a number of linguistic structures. Because it came in violation of their speech modalities, their linguistic uses, and their grammatical rules. They disapproved of these structures, some of the scholars allowed some of their ugliness, and among these scholars was Ibn al-Sarraj (d. He singled out a number of scholars for its ugliness, and he allowed some of them for its ugliness, and he referred to that by saying: (it is permissible in my view for its ugliness to other linguistic expressions established in the body of this research. The permissible is equal to the two parties, the action and the abandonment, and it is synonymous with the permissible according to the jurists, and it is that which does not deserve reward by doing it or not punishing it, and its opposite is forbidden.
The importance of this research comes from the fact that it came to study the issues and structures that Ibn Al-Sarraj was unique to, so he rejected them and permitted some of them to be ugly, by analyzing them and tracking their causes and seeking the causes of those who left them without explanation.
We will answer during the research what can be asked about if these linguistic structures are ugly, why were they permitted? Does saying that it is permissible bring it closer to goodness, or is it justification for linguistic use? .
The nature of the research necessitated that I divide it into nine issues, including: the nominative noun after the noun of the subject even if it does not depend on something, and the sympathy for the accusative connected pronoun and the hidden pronoun without emphasis.
The researcher reached the most important results:
1. Ibn al-Sarraj allowed the noun to nominate the subject after the noun of the subject that did not depend on anything, even if it was ugly, in order to achieve the benefit with the full meaning of the speech.
2. Ibn Al-Sarraj allowed the occurrence of the past sentence immediately, even if that is ugly because the frequent occurrence of the past verb immediately in the tongue of the Arabs is a large number that should be measured.

Maya Angelou's poetry is an expression of black women's identity through the lens of Tajfel's Social Identity theory, a feminist perspective. This study aims to explore the cultural identities and experiences of black women in an anti-black society by using a black feminist theoretical perspective. The study acknowledges the unique cultural experiences of black women regardless of their diversity and uses an implicit comparative, qualitative, explorative, argumentative, and analytical method of scientific research. Divided into an introduction and three parts, this study provides an in-depth analysis of Maya Angelou's poetry and its connection to black women's identity. The findings of this study shed light on the complexity of black women's experiences and cultural identities in the face of oppression. The study also focuses on analyzing the ways in which Maya Angelou's poetry reflects the experiences and identities of Black women, and how Tajfel's social identity theory can be used to understand these experiences. The study specifically focuses on analyzing empowering selected poems _ Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water ’Fore I Diiie (1971)_ by Maya Angelou and examining the themes of identity, oppression, and resistance in her work. The study also explores how Angelou's work reflects the principles of Black feminism and feminist theory, and how her work can be used to further our understanding of the experiences of Black women.

The literary journey is a spatial literature par excellence. Because it is based on the writer moving his "travel" from his place of origin to another completely different with its environmental, social and cultural levels, as well as on the customs and traditions rooted in the two places, and different in their cultural structure. And the nomadic mechanisms, and another person may narrate them, such as being a friend, and there is the altruistic introduction that is characterized by praising the journey or the traveler and all that is related to him of personal characteristics, and there are important structural elements, including personality, which may be major or secondary, and temporal, and events All of them cooperate in building the nomadic text, in addition to the element of description, which is an important pillar in describing the places, events, and personalities that interact with each other to build the text. Unique in the construction of its nomadic text, so it was the subject of research and study.

This research aims to study characteristics of the constituent assigned to it the Pragmatic Function, to achieve this goal have been identified basic methodological principles for Functional grammar, structure as in functional linguistics, and characteristics of the constituent assigned to it the Pragmatic Function: Internal: the focus, and the topic of where defined, rules delegated, and entry, and their position, and assignment. External: theme, tail, and vocative in terms of definition, referral, and external, its location, and its assignment, At the end of this research, it was found the constituent assigned to it the Pragmatic Function worked to link the relationship between the structure and the denominator; I monitored the speaker's relationship with the addressee in certain maqam conditions, which led to an understanding of the sentences through the communicative situations in which these sentences are represented.

This research investigates births in Iraqi hospitals during 2022. It reveals that the total number of born babies was 885818 (453012 males and 432806 females). The number of babies inside the hospitals is 731992 while 153826 babies are born outside them in (82.6% inside vs 17.4% outside hospitals). In addition, the study finds out that the underweight babies are 63970. On the other hand, the number of dead babies under five years is 3523, which makes 2.2%. It is worth mentioning that the number of born babies in all over Iraq in 2022 is 879177 which makes 99.3% (499503 males 51.1% and 429674 females 48.9%). The number of dead babies under one year is 17705 (10142 males 57.3% and 7563 female 42.2%). The reasons behind these results are either natural and/or human factors in addition to some economic and social factors that differ in their effective in each city in Iraq.

The discussion of the efforts of the United Nations and its role in protecting the right of the child to education - that is, the United Nations - seeks through it to achieve international cooperation in matters of an economic, social and cultural nature based on promoting respect for human rights without discrimination, to come as a translation of what it pledged in its preamble to try to save Peoples and generations from the scourge of wars, but there is a problem, as despite the increasing interest shown by the United Nations through the legal mechanisms it adopts in order to guarantee the rights of the child through the many international conventions, international conferences and institutions that adopt the protection of the right to education, millions of children In the world, they are still deprived of education or unable to complete the school year, in addition to the lack of cooperation of countries in this field, which indicates a dangerous trend in the field of protecting this right. Therefore, the importance of this issue for them stems from many considerations, foremost of which is the role of the international organization in The protection of human rights in general and the child in particular, and his right to education as a subject of our study, being one of the basic rights that received great attention from the international organization that sought to protect this A right through several legal mechanisms and the subject was studied according to the existing descriptive and analytical approach to the efforts of the United Nations in accordance with its sponsorship of international agreements or the actions adopted by the Special Rapporteur of the Secretary-General to protect this right. Therefore, we note the role through the establishment of the mechanism of the Special Rapporteur on affairs The right to education, as there are many roles through the preparation of reports and field visits by the Special Rapporteur to learn about education in the countries he visits, whether they are developing or developed countries alike, so it is necessary for the United Nations to strengthen the international conferences it sponsors in order to support the right to education and follow up Cases of scientific progress or in the event of a decline in education and coordination of work between the United Nations and member states.

Intentional and spontaneous behavior in design can be summarized as follows: intentional behavior depends on the subjective aspect of the designer, that is, the action performed by the designer towards the subject of the design, and the objective aspect of the design, that is, the subject indicated by the act of the designer, while the automatic aspect depends on the emotional and sensory states of the designer, as well as the flow of his ideas in front of the design surface. These behaviors form part of the framework of procedural processes throughout the work and the development of the decorative panel.
In modern times, decorative painting is an essential part of urban evidence, where aesthetic works play an important role in the aesthetics of evidence and community service. The decorative drawing carries a clear content for the recipient, cultivating a more accurate sense of taste through a procedural method. It aims to learn more in order to feel a critical sense of dice, aesthetic sensitivities, and leadership skills. The decorative design acts as a document with visual meaning, providing information, guidance and multiple documentation. The expected return of the study lies in the possibility of defining the fields of decorative design as an art intertwined with other plastic arts in the motivation to provide aesthetic value to the decorative painting.
Decorative painting is an important part of urban guides and community service, carrying a clear message for connoisseurs thanks to the way the taste is cultivated. In addition to its aesthetic function, it acts as a document with visual meaning, providing information, guidance and documentation.
The research consists of three chapters. The first credit deals with "the problem of research and the importance of research, the objective of the research" and its temporal , spatial and objective boundaries and the definition of terms.
The second chapter deals with what is a decorative panel, the intentional structure of the practice of decorative panel design, the automatic structure of the practice of decorative ergonomic design, and the impact of both spontaneous intentional work on the design of the decorative panel.
The third chapter deals with the analysis of samples, results, conclusions, recommendations, proposals and sources.

Drawing is a means used to express thoughts and feelings by creating a two-dimensional image using a visual language that can be expressed in many different ways, shapes, lines and colors, resulting in volume, light and movement on a flat surface, these elements are explicitly combined to produce real or supernatural phenomena, Or to represent abstract visual relationships.
The study of the components of beauty that appeared throughout history takes you through the very beginnings. There is plenty of evidence that Paleolithic man was looking for beauty first, for days with some hangovers, from which his aspiration for beauty can be deduced, and the use of simple defined forms in works of art.