Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies

After this, this research was carried out in the poets of the sixth class of the pre-Islamic poets, which Ibn Salam included in his book Layers and the Legends of the Poets, in which I tried to search for objective and technical reasons that made Ibn Salam put both: (Amr bin Kulthum, Al-Harith bin Hillazah, Antara bin Shaddad and Suwaid Bin Abi Kahl) in one layer.
The research came in the introduction and introduction, in which the researcher touched on some of the issues that were in question, especially the foundations upon which Ibn Salam used his classes, and the references he adopted as a basis for those monetary values resulting from his classification of the classes.
The research included two topics: the first is entitled: the foundations and standards adopted by Ibn Salamam in his division of the classes, and the second is entitled: Reading in the poets of the sixth class, which is the essence of the research, then came the conclusion, which is a conclusion I concluded during its journey with research in the common denominators of the four poets.
The researcher relied on a group of ancient sources of criticism, and a set of studies that focused on the history of criticism in the pre-Islamic era, until the fourth century AH, trying - as much as it could - not to lean towards the seriousness of the supposed objective criticism, and the researcher does not claim perfection, and God is the guardian of success

Real policy emphasizes that states seek to achieve their interests and objectives by focusing on the concept of political conflict for control. As the Iranian role in the region increases and its strength increases, European countries seek to limit Iran's role in the region, weaken its nuclear file, force it to return to negotiations, prevent an arms race on the level of weapons of mass destruction and advanced missiles. In the European Union to be the only sources to secure nuclear fuel for energy plants, and this is consistent with the interests and objectives of European countries.
The desire of countries to remain in the position of competition and to refrain from the use of force because it is counterproductive, as a desire to remain in the system, and this explains the European policy towards Iran, which is the imposition of economic sanctions rather than the use of military force for fear of adverse consequences, The sanctions have had a major impact on the Iranian economy, which has led to a geopolitical challenge, resulting in a stifling economic crisis, as well as negative repercussions on the relationship between Europe and Iran. Europe has long sought to make this relationship good as a form of support for anti-US states. The European Union's desire to play a balanced role in the US role in a multi-polar world as well as securing the flow of Iranian oil to it and widening the circle of Iranian revenues from European goods.
These sanctions have had a major impact on the Iranian economy, which has caused it to suffer a geopolitical challenge. This has resulted in a crippling economic crisis characterized by a general budget deficit, rising inflation, low economic growth and the accumulation of foreign debt, mostly due to Europe. The dollar and the euro, the lack of foreign investment inside Iran and the decline of exports of the two most important sectors, oil and gas as the basic structure of the Iranian economy.
The US dimension to the path of European economic sanctions on Iran, especially after Trump takes over as president, is that the EU can not ignore US policy toward Iran because of its economic and geosynthetic interests with the United States, which require a transatlantic common ground with Iran.

In Nassiriyah, one of the southern Iraqi governorate, for a long time, AL- Sherif’s Shrine “Maqam” represents a religious, touristic and recreational centre, which people always visit and be blessed with. A shrine bends upon the Euphrates, and falls asleep between his palms. Many historians and scholars did not agree about his family and ancestry. Some of them said that he traced back to Umar Bin Ali Bin Abi-Talib, then they said that he traced back to Umar Bin Ali Bin Al-Hussein Bin Ali Bin Abi-Talib who was known as AL-Ashraf. But in fact, contingent with his shrine, his well-known as AL-Ashraf belongs to one of the Ashraf who held the presidency of AL-Alawaeen Syndicate, and because of the lack of knowledge of the people in charge of serving the shrine with this title, they started searching for the owner of the title of the Sheriff among the Traditions, after they attributed it to Umar bin Ali, who obviously the grave belongs to one of his sons, but the ones in charge of its service, they did not convinced of that. For this reason, they searched for who holds this title and found their close match in Umar bin Ali bin Al-Hussein Al-Ashraf, so they attributed the grave to him even though the man did not enter Iraq, and he did not participate in political conflicts and warfare. After research and investigation of the sources, we were able to approach the truth of the shrine’s owner, who is one of the sons of Umar bin Ali bin Abi Talib, who used to assume the presidency of the AL-Alawaeen Syndicate in Al-Bata’aih, and we believe that the man has been known his title and was called the Sheriff. Then when he died, the title moved to the grave, so he launched on the denomination of the Sheriff, and when one of them asks about him, they said Ibn Umar bin Ali. Later, the word Ibn was deleted for ease, so the Sheriff is called the tomb of Umar bin Ali bin Abi Talib, then after that his ancestry changed from those who were responsible for him, because Umar has not been known for others by the Sheriff, he was known as AL-Atraf. After a period of time, he was called Umar bin Ali bin Al-Hussein, who was called Al-Ashraf in honor of his attribution to Fatima AL-Zahra’a.

This research aims at knowing the changes that took place in Iraq as a result of the change of the political regime and its reflection on Iraqi reality at the social,political ,security and mass media aspects alongside the emergence of new phenomena in the society the most conspicuous of which are the retreat of whole national identity and the rise of sub-identities represented by sectarianism and religion,nationality and regionalism which has lead to the emergence of a state of conflict and dispute and the competition among powers dominating the political scene which has reflected in its turn on both social and media situations contributing effectively and actively to splitting societal and civil peace because mass media and communication in all their various forms and types disseminated fully-fledged negative means which sought to cancel the other one and deepen the gap within a society which continued to live cases of tolerance and hatred,stillness and co-existence while internal and external factors exploiting the means of communication and plurality in their discourse had the deepest impact in cultivating the germs of disunity and infighting among the citizens of the society which was characterized by diversity and difference . For the sake of achieving the objective of research,the researcher adopted the descriptive and and analytical approach and in view of that, the research arrived at many findings relating to reasons some of which are historical and social while others relate to the American occupation and regional and international interventions in addition to the negative role of mass media in an era which was characterized by fragility and failure in the various aspects of life .This has reflected in the decline of the unity of the national identity:a matter which requires offering a number of solutions and suggestions that could contribute to keeping Iraq off division and disintegration.

It must be said that positional mental philosophy presents laws that are in harmony with the human mind and are still searching for approaches that have been researched in a different way. Since every actor, especially every living being, can be seen under two relationships - staticity and movement - that is, under certain conditions or during work, it is clear that all considerations place themselves under one of these relationships, and there is no escape from leaving them in order to obtain knowledge in its true form. The positive philosophy of Kunt went to the search for the independence of the curriculum in the research, and this allowed him to talk about a systematic approach that makes him a true tribal in the curriculum and to draw from him his scientific perceptions that he took as a way for him in his philosophy. He wanted the sociology curriculum to be based on common grounds with different natural sciences approaches in observing, experimenting, comparing, or extrapolating, then this trend evolved to be the positive factor for Western researchers in the humanities in the nineteenth century, despite the emergence of other philosophies other in the direction The result reached by it is the law of the three phases in the development of humanity, and it went to the development of the individual and his capabilities, societies, and the rest of the other sciences. to.

The history of Arabic literature includes the history of what happened and experienced in the last Arab nation. Collecting these experiences and illuminating all its contributing elements, represents the main foundation for a sound and stable character, therefore, it seems necessary to classify the literature history and its time periods into different distinct divisions. For this reason, most writers of literature history have categorized the history of Arabic literature based on various approaches so that they would be able to simply reveal the movement of literature. These approaches consist of political, climatic, cultural, ethnic ones, as well as literary schools and genres. The political approach is the most common one noticed in the history of Arabic literature. By following this approach, many writers of Arabic literature have attempted to classify its history into various divisions in accordance with their respective political periods.
2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The purpose of the present study is to explain the Common indicators of political approach found in history of Arabic literature. In this line, the four following books written based on political approach and regarded as the most known works in the context of literature history writing were studied and examined: The History literature of Arabic language by Jurji Zaidan, The history of Arabic literature by omar faroukh, the history of Arabic literature by shoghi zeif, Inclusive in the history of Arabic literature by Hanna Al Fakhouri.
3- METHODOLOGY
By applying an integrated method, the descriptive method was used for presenting the theoretical principles and the complete inductive method and qualitative content analysis were conducted for analyzing the findings. The Common indicators of political approach were attained by means of qualitative content analysis.
4- RESULTS & DISCUSSION& CONCLUSIONS
The findings Common indicators that these four books written based on political approach possesses some common Common indicators that can be summarized into following issues: main and sub classification, preliminary discussion, presentation of features of literature of each period and biographies of literary men. The four books have followed the same political approach that is applied in the first book. Therefore, the books written after Jurji Zaidan's book, have not excluded his particular concepts and methods and it can be said that these four books share much commonalities.
Without any criticism, analysis and interpretation, Jurji Zaidan and omar Faroukh have merely gathered and narrated the contents and have not thoroughly examined any writer or poet, therefore it can be said that their books are like an encyclopedia encompassing history of Arabic literature and biographies of literary men. On the other hand, shoghi zeif and Hanna Al Fakhouri have applied critical, interpretive and analytic approach to investigate literary men's works. However, it can be concluded that history of literature writing have experienced ascending movement, since by coming closer to present time, these four books written based on political approach need to receive more analysis and interpretation.

The Iraqi occupation of Kuwait in August 1990 contributed to creating a political crisis that resulted in a series of repercussions in the region, which led to several changes in local, regional, and even international policy towards the Arab Gulf region, after the events of the occupation demonstrated the weakness of the Gulf security system represented by the Gulf military alliance with what was known as the forces The shield of the island, which was established as a military result to form the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf in 1981, despite the armament and training measures and projects of military maneuvers and the large number of meetings of chiefs of staff and defense ministers of the Gulf Cooperation Council to organize the defense of the region against any possible attack, However, the circumstances of the occupation demonstrated the failure of that military establishment and demonstrated its need for Western military support and opened the door to the American military presence openly and explicitly, thus creating a new formula for the concept of Gulf security completely different from the previous concept that overwhelmed the region since 1968 and the emergence of the Nixon principle, in order to turn Iraq into danger The first that threatens the region and the need to work to reduce it.
The security transformations of Saudi Arabia emerged during the second Gulf War represented in several directions ending the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait and the destruction of the Iraqi military force and work to develop the Saudi armament system by creating a kind of regional or Arab blocs and concluding new deals for armament and diversifying its sources, thus enhancing the Saudi position in the region. Which managed to impose its presence on the modern Gulf states.

Cities today face many social, economic and cultural challenges represented by forms of deterioration and loss of material and non-material cultural assets. Old ways in solving the problems of cities are no longer useful. Therefore, the necessity to find new ways of development has emerged to solve urban problems based on an understanding the characteristics that ensure cities to retain their identity and Advancement of their local communities.
In recent years, a growing trend has emerged of using the urban cultural resources for economic revitalization ,the idea of economic growth based on creativity has become popular among policymakers around the world, since creativity is embodied in people, the concept of creative place emphasizes the role of people as an important economic resource for cities more than past approaches, The creative places encourage to take advantage from places to suit creative needs such as demonstrating culture and knowledge or leading to creative thinking and improving the quality of life.
The creative place is a multi-dimensional concept has emerged for a new generation of urban places, as a way to development of cities and societies by harnessing people's imagination and talents in order to achieve economic, social and cultural development in creative ways to create opportunities and improve the quality of life and solving the urban problems in creative ways. It has been recently proven that the creative place can be a new urban element that builds the identity of a successful city and enhances and raises the value of places by providing new ways of doing things.
Creative places are encouraged to take advantage of the characteristics of urban environments and the cultural and human resources they have to improve the quality of life and welfare of societies. Creating creative places can lead to the generate three types of impacts, which are the urban impact by urban renewal and reuse of unused spaces and improving the image of the city and enhancing its identity and a sense of belonging, and the social impact that represented by encouraging the social interaction with an environment of tolerance and openness to cultural, ethnic or religious diversity ,and economic impact that represented by activating new ways for the economic development of cities and attracting investments.
This paper attempts to clearly define what is the creative place? What are the forms that could be creative places? What are the features of creative places? How can it be a successful city development strategy?.

This study showed the writings of Meccans on the Prophet's biography during the first three centuries of migration, and since the Prophet's biography was an important material in the field of creed, rulings, procedure, jihad and ethics and others so their writings came during the period of research in a various compilations. For this reason, the research has required to be divided into two researches. the first topic dealt with their writings – in the Prophet's biography - within the compilations of "Hadith", creeds and the independent biography. The compilations of "Hadith" had included books of the attributes "Musanid", which the books were separately made hadiths each companion " Sahaby" right, well or poor. And these "Musanid" are considered as an advanced stage in the classifications of Hadith. Then the authorships were before them such as groups and preliminaries were included hadiths and aftermaths. As for the "Musanids", were confined "hadiths" and at this side, the writing of Prophet's biography was present for Meccans coming from" Al-humaidy's Musnad "- which includes different texts covering the sides of the Prophet's biography. As for the classifications of creeds, a book of faith was one for Almarwardi- from city of Mecca including a various texts in the Prophet's biography. As for writings of Meccans for Prophet's prophet "God's blessing and peace be upon him and his family" in the independent classifications – which showed the biography of prophet in its an independent side such as his birth, lineage, the verse of his prophecy, his merits, his forays, his features and his death. Some of Meccans- in this side- Alzubair bin Bicar had classified a book ( the humor and the joke),- which is classified in the features of the prophet The second research had dealt with the writings of Meccans in the prophet's biography within the local books of histories which are considered the study of its topics related to historical blogging and Meccans' scholars had an interest since the third century of migration in classifying special books in history of Mecca relating to it about news and effects before Islam and after it and these books had an interest in the field of our study to be included some Important incident in biography of the prophet .

The history of Britain received great attention from Western researchers in Europe and America, so they wrote hundreds of thousands of books on this important region of the world, and these studies extended from the beginning of the establishment of the political system there, through the Middle Ages, then modern and then contemporary. These studies and literature became among the most important sources that researchers rely on for their studies.
Arab researchers and historians also wrote studies of no less value than those studies on the history of Europe in general and the history of Britain in particular. These studies dealt with the history of the region in all aspects, whether political, intellectual or economic. Researchers have made great efforts represented in translation in order to uncover this eventful history throughout the ages.
Perhaps among the most important Arab studies on the history of Britain are contemporary studies that dealt with important political aspects in it, and those studies focused on the most important political and economic institutions in it, as well as studying important personalities, especially those who played an important role in the political life of Britain.
The period during which Major was appointed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is one of the most important periods that led to the refinement of his political personality and brought him close to international events, which qualified him to take important positions and was an important reason for resolving many outstanding issues, on top of which is the Irish problem.
And he has adopted from the beginning of his premiership that education was one of his top priorities. A number of sympathetic commentators have suggested that Major's gifted concept of education in Britain derives in large part from his "own experience of leaving school without qualifications and finding himself on the wrong side of education paths."
The term of Major is considered one of the most important years, especially with regard to the issue of local government and its laws, which he reformulated with the help of his advisors and which later caused him a political crisis by his opponents.

Israel is trying to overlook the Arab character in various literary productions, as it does not allow any other formula except for the official one that contains foundations that cancel and refute the Nakba and the terrorist acts that accompanied it against the Palestinians. It claims to be an attempt to prevent the contradictions in the so-called literary narrative it seeks to tell us. The Nakba and its repercussions in the educational system in Israel are not taught, and it is taught relatively (less than the Holocaust). In October 2009, for example, the Ministry of Education ordered the collection of all copies of the book "History of Building a State in the Middle East" published by Dar Shazar publication, intended for second and third intermediate grades. The reason is that the book sheds light on the Nakba, and uses the term "ethnic cleansing". It is written in both Hebrew and Arabic. The book was printed again after making amendments to it. Therefore, the problem of the Israeli education system is reflected in the Arab "other", whether it is Israeli Arabs or Palestinians. It is represented by rethinking the teaching of history in schools, and in this context, it is important to remember that children's literature plays a major role in shaping the political ideology of the recipient youth in general, the Arab-Jewish conflict, the Palestinian narrative and the Arab personality in particular. Literary productions that bring together Jewish readers, with the Arab "other", be it a child or an adult. Research on children's literature has little effect on the national reflection of the "other" in Israeli literature for children. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the image of the Arab in Israeli children's literature for the period (1990-2015). The study was defined by several novels and short stories that were published in the period under study. The study used the descriptive and analytical method as it is the appropriate approach to achieve the goal of the study.

The research aims to shed light on the impact of the Camp David agreement in 1978 between Egypt and Israel on the relations between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Although Washington and Riyadh enjoyed good and close relations at many times, especially during the Cold War. However, this did not mean that their relations were not negatively affected due to some of their positions in support or opposition to international issues. Hence, many international events, especially those related to the Middle East and the Arab-Israeli conflict, had their repercussions on the course and nature of those relations. This was not done in isolation from the size and weight of the two internationals at the regional and international levels. Hence, Riyadh’s position on the Camp David accord was very influential at the Arab level on the one hand, and on its relations with Washington on the other hand. This is what made Saudi Arabia's position on the agreement characterized by duality and contradictions, as the latter’s announcement of its rejection of the agreement was not linked to its pursuit of an escalation policy with the United States of America, which is responsible for concluding the agreement, which was carried out under its supervision and under its auspices. However, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia could not resist the pressures and deviate from the Arab vision, which saw in the agreement a prejudice to the rights of the Palestinian people and normalization with a state usurping Arab lands, which negatively affected relations between Washington and Riyadh. However, the rift in relations between the two countries did not last for long in light of the changes in the Middle East region, especially the establishment of the Islamic Republic in Iran in 1979, the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan at the end of that year, as well as the outbreak of the war between Iraq and Iran in 1980, which led to the correction of the course Relations between the two sides, especially in the military and security fields.

The study aimed to identify perceptions of a group of thinkers and philosophers, it expressed the agreed and disagreed viewpoints of them. These philosophers and thinkers have a clear vision about education, which they benefit from it to build plans and programs for adult education and continuous learning to reach a comprehensive vision in adult education philosophy. The study used the descriptive approach through reviewing the relevant study literature to benefit from it in the philosophy of adult education. It concluded that, the philosophy of adult education is based on a realistic perspective, as it is a future social democratic process and its science education is based on the education industry and engineering it according to what is available. Therefore, education is a life process. Every person has different forces related to their culture, beliefs, and ethics; we should be aware of it. There are also a number of philosophical foundations of the educational process related to the teacher, learner, curriculum and education. Including:
•The teacher should be clever and he should plan for the future.
•The learner is centered around education and has a changing nature.
•The learner acquiring the correct educational skills.
•The learner should be independent on his own.
•The curriculum should be related to society, culture, and learners' experiences.
•The education process is an art and industry that requires planning and renewal.

The aim of this research is to study Alakhfash's Grammar Analogy, who whose opinions have been affected both the advanced and late grammarians. The importance of this research is to follow the issues that are unique to Alakhfash in analogy, study them and explain his sources in deducing analogy from it and clarifying his grammatical doctrine and its approach to analogy.
The research uses the inductive approach about all Alakhfash's opinions that he depended on without hearing from others, by writing the meanings of the Quran and advanced and late grammarians'' books. Therefore, I follow the descriptive analytical approach for discussion and analysis. The research consists of an introduction and three sections. In the introduction comes the definition of the scientific foundations used in the scientific research method The first topic includes the personality and affiliation of Al-Akhfash. The second topic about the definition of grammatical analogy, its pillars and samples. The third topic about the grammatical analogy approach of Al-Akhfash and its samples. The research is supplemented by a conclusion that contains the most important findings of the study, for example: Akhfash followed Basra grammarians analogy and its control in his first time .So, he forbade unsteady hearing from others about analogy. After that, he had his own methodology which about hearing from others even contrary to the rules. The research explains the samples of analogy being used by grammarians such as analogy of cause and similarity. Then indexing the sources and references.

Happiness is a requirement of every human being since creation, since man always searches for it, it is one of the necessities of life, except when God Almighty created that feeling in the subjects of his servants who feel them with joy, acceptance and satisfaction.
But the question that imposes itself urgently is what is the secret of happiness that creatures have been searching for since eternity, fleeing the feeling of misery, or what is the source of happiness, or what is the main component of happiness that generates that hidden feeling ?!
A question that preoccupies those interested and philosophers as they strive to search for the concept of happiness and misery and their source, so it is sometimes linked to psychological matters and to material matters at other times.
It is not difficult to answer the one who has tasted the sweetness of God's love, as he realizes with certainty that happiness is in his obedience alone, and everything else besides it is misery, and that one's delusion is otherwise. And this is what God has guided us to in his book Al-Manzil, especially in the two surahs of mercy (Mary and Taha).
We divided the research into an introduction and two topics: the introduction includes the definition of the concepts of happiness and misery in language and convention and compatibility between the two blessed surahs. As for the two studies, the first includes the manifestations of happiness in the two surahs, such as monotheism in God Almighty and acts of worship such as: prayer, zakat, supplication, and patience. Divine rituals that are the cause of worshipers' happiness. As we relied on this antibody division, because the two surahs are centered around it. Then we concluded the research with the most important results that we reached.

The language of the anthropological body has various forms in the dramatic performance according to its types: social anthropology, natural anthropology, and cultural anthropology. Theatre in itself is considered a physical art because it is centered around the actor and a physical process which is the embodiment. Hence, it is necessary to deal with the anthropological body as a material, a base or a tool according to the various dramatic theories such as absurd, poor theatre, third theatre …etc. It is important to study the varieties of the body in those western performances and their reflections on the Iraqi dramatic performances which employ those trends and methods.
The research includes four sections: the first contains the methodological framework and the problem which is localized in the following enquiry: How has the Iraqi director employed the body anthropologically in the dramatic performance? The importance of the research is revealed through the focus on the body culture and how to be equipped with the whole cultural, spiritual, and human aspects. The aim of the research is to identify the anthropological body in the Iraqi dramatic performance. The limits of the research are restricted to the dramatic performances presented in the College of Fine Arts / University of Babylon for the period (2007-2012). The section is finalized with the definition of the basic terms mentioned in the title of the research.
The second section, the theoretical framework, includes two parts: the first deals with the concept of anthropology whereas the second involves the relationship between theatre and anthropology. The section ends with the results gained from the theoretical framework.
The third section includes the procedures of the research which are the society, the sample, the tool, and the method of the research. Two dramatic performances have been chosen to be analyzed to identify the anthropological body in the Iraqi dramatic performance.
The fourth section includes the results which the researcher has come up with; the most important of which are:
1. The body movements form a primary description if it is related to the theme of "Gilgamesh" which immortalizes the body.
2. The anthropological body acquires an expressionistic approach through the image of the terrified, naked man and his transformations and transmissions from the up to the down world. The section ends with the bibliography and abstract in English.

The Qur’anic miracle is the subject of interest of the researcher and scholars in the field of Qur’an sciences, the subject of the revelation of the Noble Qur’an and to this day , and the Holy Qur’an is the only miracle for which God Almighty wrote immortality and challenged the jinn and people to come with it , even if they were together , and make this challenge Continuing to the end of the world .
And that the search for the miracle of the Quranic knowledge of the legislative supporters and his opponents are very necessary to Luuq of the historical trace of the emergence of the legislative miracle in the Koran and the role of scientists in the development and their efforts in that .
Have we decided in this research methodology to follow the induction of to tracking and analytical to uncover the mystery behind the miracle of Qara ni was the subject of the attention of scholars and researchers, particularly with regard to legislation miracle me from him , Fajtfatt a Salipem The date  behind in this regard .
Has scientists and researchers for wit speaking Jazz PLC through their compositions in the books of miracles , some of them singled out his Study A and Investigation to talk about , and some of them settled only by reference to him in his writings m, while n Ri a lot of books speak in this regard .
Vantzm research on two topics Mmahdin boot to the definition of the concepts of the title of President, as well as the introduction and conclusion of the review of the most important findings of the research wa expiry of a list of sources and references that Asaftna in this type of search .
It is a are uncovered by this study that the Koran miracle of the eternal and immortal , Wa are what distinguishes her as having a statement , this described the statement reflected in the sloop put content and legislation that regulate the living of the people , it is the other miracle Bouklodha and continuity of the recipe of the eligibility of them .

The research focused on studying the educational data of extracurricular artistic activities in Babylon, and the research was divided into four chapters. The first included the methodology of the research, as it provided an introduction to its problem, importance and need, and the aim of the research was to: Identify the educational data of extra-curricular artistic activities in Babylon, and its limits (2017- 2018), defining its terminology, and the second chapter was devoted to the theoretical framework, as it included three topics, the first was titled extra-curricular artistic activities and their importance to students, and the second was titled Main sources of data for students' artistic activities, and the third came under the title of School Activity and its technical outputs for students for the year (2017-2018) As for the third semester, it included the research procedures, as it consisted of the research community and its sample. An intentional sample was selected by (20) samples divided equally from students (males and females), and the researcher followed the survey approach, and the search tool was an open closed (questionnaire) And it included the validity and reliability of the tool, the statistical methods, and then the presentation of tables and the analysis of data, and the fourth chapter came with results, including: The educational data of the extra-curricular artistic activities in Babil are that they give students an additional amount Of the sensory-motor skills, and the conclusions, including: Among the educational data of extra-curricular artistic activities in Babil, they enhance good behavior among students. The chapter included recommendations and suggestions and a list of sources and appendices.

Criticism is the distinction between mistake and which is present in Arabic literature from ancient eras. when the Nābighah al-Dhubyānī to choose the best poetry and poets and to compare it in this critique is the literary taste. This continued from the pre-Islamic era until the following eras, from the Islamic, Umayyad, Abbasid and Andalusian eras until the Bani Ahmar era. The Bani Ahmar era is one of the Andalusian eras 635 to 897 AH. The issue of pronunciation and meaning is an important and long-standing topic in linguistic and critical studies. Arab critics have studied this issue from different dimensions, Al-Jahiz was the first to ignite this study . The purpose in this article is to study the views of Bani Ahmar's critics, such as: Ḥazim al-Qirtājī , Ibn Khaldun, Abu al-Qasim al-Sabti, Sijilmassi and Ibn Dahya. After studying this research on an analytical and descriptive method. The result is: they looked at pronunciation and meaning and preferred one over the other. But we cannot say that they split up without any absolute contact, rather, they believe that the existence of each one in the text is impossible without the other, and they are always considered one thing in literary criticism and could not look at one without the other, and they used the word and the meaning together.

Orientalists were interested in studying the life and scientific heritage of AL Biruni because it represents a historical era ais the culmination of Islamic civilization . Al-Biruni era was approximately the last third of fourth century AH and the first half of the fifth century AH corresponding to the last qarter of the tenth century AD and the first half of the eleventh century AD. It is an era of political and military unrest but it was replete with geniuses of science literature and diverse arts who have left a profound impact on the development of science and dissemination of culture and deepening philosophy.Suffice it to say the era of Al-Biruni is the same age of Ibn Sina and AL-Maari . During the modern European Renaissance in Europe scholars agree that the 11th century is the era of Peronism the greatest of Islam the world of scientists the most intelligent and the most astronomical. His name is the most prominent name in the processions of encyclopedic scholars characterized by the golden age of Islam which made Orientalists specialize in the study and translation of scientific heritage.

There is no doubt that there are several ways , one can sustain the anger , out of which exercised by many is to follow thr nobel’s behavior. Many search for an authentic source following their religious impulses to find the proper solution. As a result of that, we determined to focus on the words of sayyedah Fatimah (P.B.U.H) and what she said in tragic events of her life. For this, we chose her words, by which she had addressed the ones who she complaint to. These words was addressed to : God the Almighty, her father RasoulAllah, Fiddah and Salman. This was done through several periods of her life; beginning fromwhen they broke through her house and what happened to her behind the door which caused the death of her unborn baby till her martyrdom at the end.
In this research the following questions will be answered: what was sayyedah Fatima’s reaction toward the difficulties of her life? What are the implications of sentences in her sayings according to the speech acts? What is the role of the context in her choice of words and speech acts?
Then this research aims to detect the reactions produced by sayyedah Fatimah (P.B.U.H) in her difficult psychic circumstances . Also this research try to show the implications of sentences and the used context role. Also aims to disclose the studied words’ role in the development of human thought and behavior. So in this research we do assist on pragmatics linguistics which shows the main meaning according to the circumstances, as this science determines the intent of the writer and the perception of the listener (or reader) through the mentioned case. The pragmatics shows the literal meaning of the words and sentences. Beside these, it studies element’s consistency to the real world and its evidence through the context. Finally we reached to the followings as results of the study: the words of sayyedah Fatimah (P.B.U.H) in those dismal conditions and through different syllables – unlike what we do with words, non-logical and non-adapted as we should- it was logical and appropriate to the context destination. Through out all her words, she literally prefered Imam’s issue to her determination through the circumstances of crisis and cared about what is relevant to religion and Islam. All her words also reflected the premium reactions appropriate to preservation of this religion and testament of the Prophet.

The pictorial synergy between the linguistic formulation and the mental frame of the metaphor in the fulfillment of the rhetorical task allows the recipient to contribute to the production of the intended meaning using perceptual powers of: senses, imagination and reason. About abstraction for tropics. As Al-Sayyab intended in the book of the Book of Job to employ artistic means in expression and formulation beyond the idea of the mask that poets resort to, to reach it to the point of identification with the selves; To turn into multi-dimensional allegorical images stemming from his poetic experience of the painful reality in his struggle with disease. And the significance of (the Book of Job) and the data that fall under it that contribute to the pictorial symmetry as well as being an allegorical icon that Al-Sayyab used to frame his poem. To guide him through it to a world whose poetic text was expressed, expressing the state of pain that surrounded him and the crisis of affliction that befell him, and the flow between the two cases begs for a flood of giving in the name of healing .

Seyyed Adnan Gharifi Bohrani is one of the greatest poets and eloquent speakers (orators) in his time. He was one of the genius intellectuals that his phenomenal intelligence was testified by others and called him a great title. He was one of the prominent poets in the time of Ahl’e-Beit (Prophet Mohammad and his family P-B-V H) that recite long odes praising Prophet Mohammad and his holly family. One of these famous odes, is named Hadith Kasa lyrics which is a literary and rhetoric form of this Hadith. This literary text with rhetorical expressions and descriptions, captures all opponents’ interest and amazing. In this article we analyze this ode with Oslobieh framework based on audio and rhetoric criteria with employing analytic-descriptive methodology. One of the significant obtained results is that the poet selects “Bahre Basit Technique” regarding audio (aural) criteria due to its widespread usage and simple application. Analyzing this literary work from internal stability perspective, we concluded that the poet established a structured coherent connection between words and their meaning. He employs antiquated (obsolete) words so cleverly and intelligibly for empowering his ode. He benefits from some of the main literary devices like simile, metaphor and irony in his work.

This research deals with the duality of death and life in Jekur's poems of Siab, and in the absence of a previous study on this subject (the duality of death and life in jikur's poems of siab), the study dealt with these poems and their dualities, and the suggestions and shades of these binaries, And the embodiment of the reality of the siab, and the relationship of his poetic experience to his psychological, social and ideological state, as the study turned to objective equations embodied by these binaries, the researcher has resorted to the descriptive analytical approach, using some other approaches whenever the study calls for it.
As evidenced by the combination of death and death in the dimensions of the poetic experience of the siab, accurately expressing an instinctive sense of fear of death, it is as if his talk of this mixture is in fact a lament for himself.
In his poetic experience in Jikor's poems, Al-Sayab sought to triumph over the death that haunted him and lurked behind him, as much as he tried to overcome the barriers and troubles of life, and to combine the siab between the mention of death and life in many citizens, to show the contrast between them through his own vision of them, and his call for the idea of life to die and to die in life.
The study revealed a close psychological connection between the poet and Jikur;
The research includes an introduction, and three investigations: the motives of the duality of death and life, the overlapping of death and life, and the duality of the village and the civil. The researcher has reached several conclusions, including that there are several motives and motives that led the siab to the duality of death and life, as well as external ones, including the inner self and complemented each other, and these results were referred to in the conclusion of the research.

One of the important findings of Formalists is deviation from norm which is the basis ofdiscussions of stylistics and linguistics. They introduced literary language as deviated fromstandard language, studied the style likewise. In the early twentieth century, they took animportant step in departure from the established criteria; and they created the twoterminologies of defamiliarization and embossment. Quran, the eternal miracle of the Prophetof Islam (PBUH), although not a literary text, but it is a miracle in terms of verbal, linguisticand rhetorical aspects which requires deep and unique investigation. Implementing analytical methods, authors of the present research seek to introduce briefly the deviation from norm,defamiliarization and embossment , and then explore a variety of syntactic and semanticembossment in some verses of Holy Qur'an in the twenty-seventh chapter. The survey is made to understand that the use of figures of speech, metaphor, simile in Quran, which arethe integral parts of it, give certain meanings to Qur'an, and enables the readers to have multiple interpretations. Repetition is one of the most prominent aspects in this chapter.

The morphological lesson was related to the emergence of Arabic linguistic studies, and the study was, of course, linked to linguistic and grammatical studies since its early days.
The specialist finds in the morphological study that its origins came in the introduction to the book of Al-Khalil bin Ahmed Al-Farahidi (d. 175 AH) and his student Sibawayh. They were interested in studying the formulas of the word and the meaning, and the effect of that on the meaning of the sentence.
And when words align with one another to be clear and clear sentences. We find the Qur'anic textures consistent in form, substance and content. In different situations and other types of Quranic miracles in his rhetoric and systems.
Al-Tusi was directly and indirectly influenced by Sibaway's opinion. It is the subject of the research, and an example of the morphological weight in the word (Messenger) that came to the weight of (verb), and Tusi was affected by Sibawayh in the formulation of morphological weight on the weight of (verb); The word messenger refers in its entirety to the bearer of the message. Likewise, the formula (so-and-so) that came in the word ) Animal( , and it is said in the animal: It is from the living and the life, in the building of the animal an increase in the meaning of life. ; Tusi mentioned it in his interpretation, based on what Sepoye had said about this formula.
Al-Tusi mentioned a name that takes the place of the source: In the word (Glory be to You), His saying (Glory be to Us, we have no knowledge) is on the meaning of We praise You for fear and for fear of Your wrath and recognition of absolute slavery.

Semantic field is one of the main important theories in the modern linguistics studies> it deals with the study of words by collecting them in the semantic fields . The context makes this theory significant so we can understand the meaning of the word from its relations with other words inside the field. In this study we choose Taj Alaroos dictionary by Al-zabaide (1205) as a model to study the vocabularies that deal with the meaning of ( proud) which has so many synonymies and we were accurate to choose the semantic fields that contain each collection of these vocabularies after being searched in the most of Arabic dictionaries.
Hence we focused on the semantic correlations between yhe meaning of proud ( when one admire of himself) and the vocabularies that Al-zabaidi give them relating to the same meaning.

The language - any language - aims at understanding and communication between its speakers, by which a clear and explicit meaning is reached, and with it the speakers reach their purposes, so the purpose of language is to convey the speaker's desire to the addressee, and therefore linguists stated that the most important condition in language is the condition of clarity and clarity.
When I read the books of the cashiers - both old and new - I drew my attention to the presence of things that are a link and a mediator for other matters, so I decided to follow them, explain their issues, and the opinions of the cashiers in them, and then analyze their ideas, so the research came, praise be to God, divided into issues It was preceded by a preface in which she spoke about the term rasul, and the expressions indicating it, followed this term in the books of the exchange officers and explained its significance, and put an appropriate definition for it. Searching for many and varied sources, starting from Sebwayh’s book and its brief, through explanations of healing and ending with books of modern and contemporary scholars. I have come - thank God - to good results, some of which were mentioned in the conclusion. I pray to God - glory be to Him - for our students to benefit from it, and for it to be an idea for them. Let them start with him to broad topics in Arabic and our last prayer is that praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and may God bless Muhammad and his pure family.

This paper deals with the poetry of the yarn of contemporary poet, to reveal the contemporary methods in the use of this poetic purpose, and the Arab poetry is an inexhaustible source of meanings and images and this makes us in front of a new field.
The old poem was the idea of the poet that he produced on the ground and his intellectual obsession. The Arabic poem continues to form an aesthetic dimension derived from the ancient cultural references to form a new poetry dealing with the same old themes. The research relied on the descriptive analytical approach in extrapolating the poetic texts and devising their rulings. I had Difficulties such as lack of time and the need to be able to link the old concept and the layout of the modern poem.

The examination of the creative text, especially poetry, has a need for a special kind of effort, and it has the right to consider another kind of creativity and equal to it - assuming that the level of reception is raised - and the recipient has, in the modern (theory of reception), his position that befits him, and has become a focus in the process of receiving . The reception is a continuation and a new reincarnation of the text's efficacy , and he is able to fill the void raised by that text, even if the reception differs and the multiplicity is different, and this ability is an equal creative force, introspecting texts and revealing multiple or rare meanings, by interrogating verbal phenomena, and compensating the recipient for his effort in finding the meaning and achieving pleasure.
Al-Mutanabi’s text is an interesting text in its linguistic structure and its contents , It sparked many explanations, criticisms and studies around it, regardless of the level of reception and its causes. I found that I present the most important phenomena of the syntactic and moral excitement that Al-Mutanabi sent to his recipients, in two axes, indicating the ranges of meaning, and these two axes are: the first axis: conflict in the (almusned ilaih) , and the second axis: the effectiveness of the (almufrada) in the grammatical structure.

Praise be to God who revealed the Noble Qur’an, as a light, and a reminder to those who have a word of heart.
After that
The Noble Qur’an has been and remains the focus of scholars ’attention, and it is the focus of their research in every time and place. It is a specific resource for all sciences and knowledge that is inexhaustible by dealing with the precise meanings, for which special words and expressions are used very tightly. Its location and its intent corresponds to it, whether those involved in its interpretation, its miracles, and its interpretation realize it or not.
The morphological study has taken its distinguished place alongside other linguistic levels. Because this knowledge ((The people of Arabic need it most completely, and their need for it is more urgent, because it is the balance of Arabic, and by it the origins of the words of the Arabs are known from the additions that enter it, and it does not lead to knowledge of the derivation without it,
From here I chose (prohibition words in the Noble Qur’an a semantic morphological study) in which I studied the expressions that came to mean prohibition. I counted twenty one of them, which I studied according to alphabetical order, the number of which reached two hundred and eighty-three words. The verb and the noun, between the abstract and more, and between the derivative and the inanimate. This variation has intentional connotations. Because the choice of weights is based on choosing the meaning that serves the purposes of the Qur’an expression, for example the word (prison) is mentioned in its nominal and verbal derivatives in thirteen blessed verses, of which nine are in Surat Yusuf (peace be upon him). He is the one who sought imprisonment to escape his chastity from immorality, and the soul wanted to admonish evil, and no other prophet was imprisoned.

The audio lesson was linked to the emergence of Arabic linguistic studies, and the study was of course linked to linguistic and grammatical studies since its early days.
The specialist in the phonological study finds that its origins came in the introduction to the book of Al-Khalil bin Ahmed Al-Farahidi (d. 175 AH) and his student Sepoye who were interested in the pronunciation of sound and the letter outputs; When they align in the word to be sentences. We find the Qur'anic phoneme in solidarity in form, substance and content, and in motions, dwellings, periods, sings, and slurring, for the hearer finds himself with a strange tune that he does not find in any other words. Only with the Qur'an is it always with a varied and renewed melody; And in different situations, including warnings, promises, narration stories, and other types of Quranic miracles in his rhetoric and regulations.
Al-Tusi (d. 460 AH) was influenced by Sibawayh opinion, directly and indirectly. It is the subject of research, and an example that was directly influenced by their saying (grate) is the sound of the wind, as if in the voice of grasshoppers an elongation and a stretch, the weakening of the voice of the ray is what fits this elongation, so it mimics his voice, and the segmentation indicates the repetition of the syllable, and the jaws of weakening simulates the voice of al-Bazi at the time, so they said: ( Cockroach).
And what were the successive movements to indicate movement and turmoil, such as shaking in the body, and whimsical and irritable, as Sibawayh sees in the sources that came to the two reactions: It comes to turmoil and movement towards (boiling, nausea and honey), which indicates shaking the body and shaking it in itself Dangers and luminosity), which indicate disturbance and movement, and like flames and flares, they are like boiling, and the Arab with his sense and taste was able to express the meanings with their appropriate voices, so we find him expressing the soft and hard thing with their appropriate voices, and he says in the food: (swelling) to eat wet like duck , And (biting) of something dry and nibbling at the tips of the teeth. Whereas, they chose to hide because of their soft and wet looseness because of their dryness, following the example of the voices.

This research aims to know the impact of the hourglass strategy on developing literary appreciation skills among fifth-grade literary students, and to achieve the research goal. The researcher followed the procedures of the semi-experimental research method, and the researcher chose by random drawing method the Shatt Al Arab Secondary School for Girls to represent the research sample, and in the same way she chose Division (A) to represent the experimental group whose students will study the topics of literature and texts according to the hourglass strategy by (35) students, and the division (B) To represent the control group whose students will be taught according to the method used by (34) students. Before starting the experiment, the researcher rewarded between the students of the two research groups a statistical parity in some variables, which are: (chronological age, parents ’academic achievement, intelligence, and literary aptitude test.), And the experiment was applied in the academic year 2018-2019.
The researcher prepared a test in literary taste of the multiple choice type, and after verifying its psychometric properties, the researcher applied the test to the students of the research sample, and after processing the data statistically using statistical methods and the SPSS statistical package, the research found a statistically significant difference in the test of taste skills In the light of the research results, the researcher concluded that there is a need for innovative approaches and visions in the teaching of literature and texts that make the learner an active and positive future for knowledge in the teaching of literature, and to complete the research, the researcher suggested a set of proposals.

The aim of this paper is to shed light on how some proverbial utterances are understood on the light of framing theory. Proverbs can be considered to be a summery to human experiences or a short story. They can be about anything, although they are ordinarily about human concerns. This inclination might be shared by the different cultures around the world. They are also meant to eternalize the memory of a person – in a positive or negative way – as said in Arabic braver than Antarah. The former is to be praised, and the latter is to be memorized. Or as in saying more coweredly than Isma’iel Yaseen. Although he is one of the renowned comedians, his roles were merited with fear and cowardice. Proverbs-making is an art that only creative people can master. Just as drawing relies on symbolism to express an idea, so the proverb summarizes a story or an incidence in a creative way that has significance and implicature. The study will explore the reasons that the same notion can be found in different cultures; however, different utterances and/or expressions are to be used to convey the same notion in the different communities. Examples are chosen from English and Arabic. Proverbs are to be discussed from the perspective of framing theory which is as a branch of cognitive linguistics that deals with the way people perceive the surrounding. The first who connected the interpretation of schemata to cultural systems and beliefs through the framing theory is said to be Erving Goffman (1974).

This paper is aimed at comparing and analyzing the various verb phrase categories in Persian and their Arabic equivalent in the light of X- bar theory to identify the similarities and differences of verb phrases in both languages and to use the findings in teaching Arabic to Persian speakers. X-bar theory is a syntactic theory proposed by Chomsky in 1970. This theory studies the internal structure of the phrases and specifies the position of the syntactic structure. In order to make the comparison 13 Persian verb phrases along with their categories were taken from Meshkot al-Dini (2014), Gholamalizade (2012), Rahimian (2010). The 13 Arabic VPs were chosen from al-Qāsi’a sermon, the longest sermon in Nahj al-Balāgha. Authors used their linguistic intuitions and knowledge to support the analyses. Persian VPs and their categories are classified due to the argument that verb takes in this language, then the equivalent Arabic VP is analyzed. This paper indicates that VPs in Persian are head final except in one case; when the verb complement is Complementizer Phrase, the complement comes after the VP. However, in Arabic, the VP is head initial, and the complement comes after the head of the VP. The results of this study done within a descriptive-contrastive analysis framework proves that the X-bar theory is efficient enough when it comes to comparing Persian VPs versus those of Arabic. This important achievement can be exploited in teaching Arabic to speakers of other languages in general and to those of Persian language in specific.