Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies

The title of the research is the Armenian issue in the Ottoman Empire (1878-1923). The reason for choosing the time period of study is due to the fact that the start year represents a turning point in the Armenian issue from its local Ottoman character to its international nature according to Article "61" of the Berlin Treaty, the end of the Armenian issue was officially registered in the Treaty of Lausanne.
The research was divided into three main topics, the first under the title Armenians under the Ottoman Empire until 1909, It was divided into three topics, the first addressed the Armenians under the Ottoman Empire and international interventions until 1890 and Western attempts to exploit them to achieve its goals and interests, while the second dealt with the worsening conditions between the Armenians and the Ottoman Empire For the period (1890-1909) the third focused on disobeying Adana in 1909 and its effect on pitting European public opinion against the Ottoman Empire.
The second topic dealt with the position of the Armenians in the First World War and its impact on the relationship with the Ottoman Empire (1914-1917) and divided in turn into three topics, the first discussed the position of the Armenians in the First World War and their assistance to the Russian state, while the second discussed the facts and events that led to the issuance of the housing decision In 1915, the third focused on implementing the market and housing decision, and the latter dealt with mutual assaults between Armenians and Turks for the period (1916-1917).
The third topic included the Armenian issue during the era of the new Turkish government and international treaties (1918-1923), and it was divided into three topics, the first under the title of the Turkish authorities' recognition of the Armenian genocide and the military trials that took place in its wake, while the second topic discussed attempts to form a state for the Armenians during the Treaty of Sever in 1920, The last topic covered the discussion of the Armenian issue in the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.

The novel " trumpet in the valley " is one of the novels that has attracted the attention of critics and researchers around the world for its new and daring ideas and visions about the Arab-Israeli conflict and its connection to the Israeli reality and its treatment of the Zionist movement and its effects on the psyche of the Israeli individual. The novel is a triumph over the hatred and hatred that is printed on the heart of the heroine of the novel, and it has been overturned by love and faith to the same advocate of peace and love as the author aspires to. But the death of the hero in the novel has turned the result upside down and hence the title of the research is based on (forbidden love .... read in the novel "a trumpet in the valley), and the study came in a preface and two papers and a conclusion of the most prominent results dealt with the preface: biography of the distinguished writer and most important The first topic dealt with the content of the novel and the main axes of it, starting from its provocative and interesting title, the time of the novel, its place and characters, and the author's approach in his novel (the writer's vision). The second topic dealt with the description of the Arab and Israeli communities, The Jews and Arabs are the novel and its main reaper Love was a factor of change for the better and better, and the critical reading of the novel found that the novel was the author's call to spread love and peace with the other, to know the feelings of the Arab people and their pain, and that The writer was bold in his talk about love and sex, the novel is undoubtedly rich in connotations and meanings and strange images

Zoroastrianism is one of the most important religions that have emerged in Iran, whose roots extend to the earliest ages of Persian civilizations, the Achaemenid state, and some even suggest that its origins date back to before the establishment of the Persian civilization. Zoroastrianism spread widely and widely in the regions of East Asia and became the official religion of the Sassanid state despite the presence of many religious and Gnostic movements at the time, because it was carrying rules that govern people's lives and in it there is a lot of humanity, also a lot of answers have come out that extinguish fire Puzzled thinkers about the secrets of creation, nature, human life and the world after death

In religious teachings, an inviting to the good of light, angel and calling for the evil that has darkness, is called Satan. The name of Satan is mentioned in many verses of the Qur'an and prophetic hadiths, as well as in poems, stories and tales. But Satan is in literature, made up of poets and writers themselves and it differs from Satan in the heavenly books The poem "Al-Laanat", which Seyab wrote in the early fifties, is one of the odes devoted to the subject of Satan. This article aims to study through the descriptive-analytical method, the image of the Satan in this ode, and also the measure of the «Sayyab» effect of the political and social governor conditions on the Iraq and Arab worlds through the use of this symbol. The final outcome of this research shows that the disorder political and social situation of the ruling Arab community have had a great influence on the poet's spirit and has led him to use the many symbols in his poetry to express his inner ideas indirectly; Among these symbols is Satan Which is the symbol of the tyrannical rulers who oppressed the people and used traders, workers, sheikhs, monks and ... to achieve their evil ends. This symbol is shown in several pictures; Among the hatred of the Satan against Adam, his hostility to God and his guardians, the followers and companions of the Satan, Satan on the face of "Lamiaê" and ... .

Al-gawari and Al-kuhremanat played an important role in social and political life. They shared the man's manifestations of negative and positive AL-Saiya (good and evil) and AL-Wishia from only negative side of evil in isolating and appointing ministers and senior officials in the state.
The nature of the research was divided into two chapters. The first topic was: Al-Saiya and AI-Wishia in the language and terminology and from AL-Shara AL-Mokades, including the most important synonyms of the two terms, and the position of the AL-Shara AL-Mokades on this phenomenon in two sources of Islamic legislation: the Quran and Sunnah; Entitled: Al-Saiya and AI-Wishia by Al-gawari and Al-kuhremanat , in which we dealt with some historical incidents in the period of time in question, and concluded the conclusions of the seal of the research is in the forefront: that the phenomenon of the greatest extent of the time of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir in God (295-320 / 908-932 m) and listed us Sources For references at the end of the search

The new novel opens the appetite of novelists to creativity, in addition to the attention of critics and readers towards this new world of variables.
The Iraqi novel is still trying to catch up with the new novel as a literary genre with its accumulations and characteristics on the map of creativity. The research attempts to reveal the role of experimentation in the dynamics of the Iraqi novel at the level of the event and the characters and the new employment of history, heritage, fantasy, utopia, realism, confidentiality, language, silence, center, margin and other techniques. Postmodernism with more poetry, vision and intuition.
The experience of the novelist Mohsen al-Ramli from the novel experiences that guarantee creativity, renewal and rebellion against the power of traditional modeling tried to difference and contrast and distinction amid the roar of experimentation and contemporary The reader touches the course of novel development through which the novelist tried to overcome the usual and monotonous of the traditional writing mechanisms and away from dependence and close to the creativity that He has contributed to the rebellion against the prevailing and accountable history.
The research stands in front of the specificity of the experience of sanding and how to open its texts to experimentation by means of transitional features translated by postmodernity.
The research consists of an introduction and three chapters, the first chapter came in anticipation of the definition of experimentation language and terminology through the records recorded in the lexicons of language, which enabled us to stand On the dimensions of the semantic and then conventional through the cash studies accumulated to know what the experiment and the modalities of practice intended in the field of literature specifically, and it became necessary to pass on the post-modern mechanisms that constituted experimentation and played an active role in the embodiment,It was necessary for postmodern theory as a pilot proposal and we made it in six subjects (the first topic is language and silence, the second topic is the center and the margin, the third topic is the irony and the sarcastic, the fourth subject is the second, the fifth subject is the fantasy, the sixth topic is the open text), then the path is imposed on us in the fields of experimentation and we found The art of architecture is the first field which translated experimentation in the widest form and remains the geographical area determines the type of novel creativity, although the common denominator is the language and then limping the search to other areas of work showed experiment as a panel Vsevsihih attention to the scene and sculpture.
Then the research limps to the definition of postmodernity in the West and in the Arabs, as postmodernity is a period of time characterized by experimentation in different colors, through the different features of this era from the previous ones. We also explained with some concise experimentation in the Iraqi novel and cultural formation, Forming and building sand culture.

The research highlights the most prominent issues that were developed in the Middle East following the cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union . count Eisenhowe principle in 1957 that ask USA President Dwight Eisenhower was one of the projects adopted by US policy after the Second World War to control the Middle East. After the demise of British and French influence, the purpose of which was to establish American influence in the Middle East, encircle the Soviet Union , limit its influence and prevent the spread of communism in the . region. The Soviet Union rejected the Eisenhower principle and promised a new colonization of the Soviet Union. Vital area of the world.

The current research section (the effectiveness of using the modeling methodin mastering the anatomical ratios of the portraiture with the planning material) to four chapters The first section deals with the problem, importance and need for research and aims to detect the effectiveness of using the modeling method in mastering the anatomical proportions of portraiture with the planning material . The second chapter (the theoretical framework and the previous studies) dealt with two topics, the first of which concerned me with the modeling method, the second about me in terms of the candidacy of the portrait and how to plan it. The third chapter was devoted to the procedures, Fourth findings, conclusions, suggestions and recommendations of research with a list of sources of research .

There is no difference in the importance of oil in recycling the wheel of life, especially for the developed countries with major oil companies and the economy based on industry, hence the agreement of the Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, "OPEC" to use the oil weapon in the October 1973 war to form a factor Strategic pressure in the war for the benefit of Arab countries in its conflict with Israel, and to be the role of oil compressor in the battle of the decisive feature and the final word, the Arabs succeeded in using the oil embargo on countries supporting Israel after they failed in the previous war in June 1967. The fast becoming Which led to a severe international oil crisis, prompting the Arab countries under the cover of OPEC to exert efforts to correct prices and impose new terms of oil dealings with the major oil companies and behind them developed countries to ensure the continuation of this economic boom experienced by the Arab countries OPEC members As a result of the increase in national income from oil exports, this is met with fierce resistance from large companies and developed countries that used to before the oil crisis to get oil with a modest financial compensation war diminishes the right of the producing and exporting country.

The study explained that the most important aspects of industrial progress in Europe are increasing wealth and growth of European industrial capitalism, increasing production and quality, and the escalation of inventions that benefited mankind and changed the world and facilitated human life in various fields, and led to industrial developments in Europe led to the search for colonies in Asia and Africa, controlling them and exploiting their material and human resources and plundering its economic goods using various means, especially military ones. From that, the colonies and competing for them and determining their ownership are among the justifications for important conflicts from the seventies of the nineteenth century until the outbreak of the First World War and this competition led to an escalation of the armament capacity of European countries and the adoption of the system of forced recruitment by Europe, and Europe became a large, well-armed camp, especially after increasing German-British naval competition, as Germany found a policy of Al- Marine weapon is a powerful tool to end its foreign problems in acquiring colonies with Britain, at the same time Britain has categorically rejected the German fleet to be more powerful and efficient than the British fleet, and promised German armament a threat to it, because that would lead to its abdication of its naval sovereignty The loss of its colonial and economic position, the diminution of its international reputation, and the increase in military-naval armament between them, due to the industrial development in Europe, led to the deterioration of German-British political relations and the outbreak of the First World War.

University students with different specializations are exposed to different psychological, social and academic pressures that differ according to their specializations and circumstances, and these pressures may have a negative impact on the student in various academic and psychological aspects at the present time after the revolution in Libya, and psychological pressures are a phenomenon of human life that the individual tells in different situations and times , And human life is troubled as a result of disparate changes, it is not free of tension and distress, and the tension resulting from the psychological pressures faced by those who live in a rapidly changing world (). Students face some stressful factors, such as inflexible curricula that are taught to all students in the same way without taking into account the individual differences between them and without looking at their inclinations and preparations, so the curricula and teaching methods become in vain for some students, in addition to the parents ’ambitions related to the son’s future may exceed the capabilities and capabilities of this son And his preparations, and then the parents live a great concern regarding the future of their son, this anxiety that is transmitted to the son, because he lives struggles between his desire to achieve ambitions and his inability to achieve these aspirations and capabilities, and it is known that the widening gap between the level of development H and the level of capabilities is one of the reasons for the emergence of this psychological disorder.

Sociometry in The Story of Prophet Yusuf (Peace Be Upon Him) along with Studying Discourse Strategies of the Tale's Characters ,Sociometry is a way to measure the relationship between social groups in a certain time which reveals different types of relationship such as reciprocated or isolated and also reveals social status of each person. So the Sociometry focuses on the relationships among individuals. Thus, to measure the relationships among individuals, we have to analyze discourse strategies; in which the focus is on any statement that people use in their relationships with each other. So people in their discourse reveal their features, natures, characters, thoughts and probably show their intentions. The present article aimed to define sociometry and variety of social relations based on Jacob L. Moreno’s theory, and analyzes the story of Yusuf - Peace Be upon Him - and measures the relationships among tele characters through analyzing the discourse strategies.The main findings of this article are: a) Among social relationships in the story of Yusuf -peace be upon him- reciprocated choice (two-sided) is seen more than other types. b) Among types of tele, congruous tele is seen more than other types

The study aimed to understand video games impact on the formation of the child's culture. One main question guided the study: What is the impact of video games on the formation of a child's culture? Additional questions stemmed from the main question. The study adopted the descriptive method and its theoretical and applied techniques as it is one of the best curricula that suit the nature of the study. The descriptive method was selected due to its role in extrapolating the literature of what was written in the field and in collecting data and information related to the subject of the study.The study sample consisted of one hundred and fifty-one parents who work at Taibah University.To collect the data, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed to parents, where its validity and stability were verified. The most important results of the study were the parents' agreement that the child's leisure time was the main reason for the child's engage in video games. The parents also agreed on the video games positive effects such as, child's ability to deal with the new technologies. In addition, parents ranked passivity first as the most prominent effects of video games, followed by the child addiction to video games and concerns about neglecting worship duties. The study concluded with a number of suggestions and recommendations.

The closet play has gained a considerable significance by the literary writers in general and the playwrights in particular. It has become appealing to them so they have tried this sort of writing because it possesses a stylistic structure that needs depth, contemplation and review. It also enables the playwrights to move with their events, imagination, and ideas without the restriction or precaution of the performing system and its Aristotelian conditions which are considered by some specialists a completing, inseparable part of the dramatic structure. It is no wonder then that we come across such a sort of writing in its dialogic style and artistic features which are away from the domination of the dramatic text writing pre-made for the dramatic performance. This phenomenon has its specific attributes in the developing way of the dramatic text in both the universal and Arabic dimensions. Thus, it requires studying and searching for its roots, rise, naming, and problems and then shedding light upon the possibility of performing it due to the development of the dramatic direction; in addition to the development of the dramatic, poetic writing styles resulting from modernism and postmodernism. This is what attracts the researcher's great attention to this sort of plays; their popularity and importance in the history of dramatic text and structure

The system seeks to shed light on this system in the Islamic and Israel (Mosaic), to clarify the points of convergence and differences between them depending on the original texts of the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad for the Islamic financial system and the book of the Torah (Covenant The old) for the legislation of the children of Israel, and has taken a comparative analytical approach in this study, which committed neutrality and make comparisons to show the confusion that prevailed between the laws of Israel by their counterparts who have initiated economic laws to serve their interests. The research was divided into an introduction, two sections, a conclusion and a catalog of sources and references preceded by a list of margins. The research concluded with a conclusion that included the main findings of the research.

Our study focused on the UAE's keenness on avoiding the Gulf region's military conflicts, and seeking to minimize the outstanding problems between it and its neighboring countries, especially Iran. The importance of the research is also to clarify the UAE's position on the Iran-Iraq war, its endeavor to stop this war because of its serious repercussions on the Gulf states, and the impact exerted by Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan in order to distance the region from alliances and international blocs and the attempts of major powers to exploit the war for hegemony. on her.The information contained in the research showed that Iran during the reign of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and in the era of the Islamic Revolution did not follow a balanced foreign policy with the United Arab Emirates, and the relationship was characterized by negativity and interference in its internal affairs, and its occupation of its three islands in the Arabian Gulf region on the day it withdrew Britain in 1971.

(Including the grammatical millennium of Ibn Malik) A joyful joy in the praise of Sayyid Abi Al-Fath Nasrallah bin Al-Hussein Al-Musawi Al-Haji Al-Haeri’s teacher and the martyr near Constantinople (within the limits of 1168 AH) organized by Sheikh Abu Al-Rida Ahmed bin Sheikh Al-Hassan Al-Khayyat Al-Najafi Al-Hali, the famous Sheikh Ahmed Al-Nahwi (died in 1170 AH) The Arjuzah included many of the rituals of the Millennium of Ibn Malik, making the miracles of its verses from the Millennium of Ibn Malik, which are 120 houses. And it has many benefits, including translating the Sheikh Ahmed Al-Nahwi detailed it quoted from the mentioned teacher Nasrallah line.

Press release is the main art that all media adopt, as well as being among the priorities of the public. Our current era is the age of competition in the field of speed in obtaining information and news, broadcasting it and providing explanations and backgrounds accompanying it. And developed the news story industry in developed countries in terms of techniques used in the transfer and processing and in terms of technical drafting methods, and there were also numerous news sources and options for dealing with news in terms of press production.This type of journalism, which relied on an analysis of the contents and ideas, is a subject whose difficulty and importance cannot be ignored. It is not an independent journalistic style or a subject that can be learned with a party or a journalist or media figure, but it is an important topic that aspires to a deep understanding of its human implications and its social and educational pathways. Political, cultural and tactical, and its relationship to the printed means of communication.The various media outlets also perform several functions that have made them effective tools in society through which the contactor can achieve many of the previously prepared goals in whole or in part, and these goals stem from the reality of society, which is characterized by the severe need to meet his desires and needs in various directions.As for the aim of this major study, we are to place the imam in charge of the Iraqi media affairs for the new stage (in light of the changes in the media and democratic openness of the new Iraqi state) considerations that are taken into consideration given that the editors in the newspaper consider the selection of the main story and the importance of media and news policy pursued by the Iraqi daily press For the purpose of sedating the positive and avoiding the negative ones in the future. Therefore, the researchers divided the research into three sections: the first topic includes the methodological framework, either the second topic deals with the concept of news in general, or the third topic includes the analytical aspect of the content of the news on the first page of the morning newspaper for the year 2012 to reach the results and recommendations.

In this research we talk about civilization and its development in ancient Syria during the second millennium BC in the light of the texts of Mary’s archive, that civilization that witnessed a wide development in many aspects, especially the material aspects, and in this research we will shed light on the material part of the civilization, meaning what are the things The materialism that was used or made by the inhabitants of this country and was a clear indication of the progress of civilization there, and these waste will be addressed not through the ruins of physical figures, but rather through the written texts in Mary’s archive that provided a description of that.

Trade is an important factor in the spread of Islam and Arab culture in distant regions and regions. The Arabs seized the aid of global trade in the Middle Ages, reaching the peak of economic and financial development in the period between 205 AH / 820 AD and 395 AH / 1045 A.D. Trade during this period in the shadow of Muslim Arabs enjoyed protection, care and revitalization, and from this my research came to shed light on two major regions of the eastern regions, namely the province of Khorasan and the region beyond the river in view of its geographical location, and commercial relations with its inner cities, Or in the context of its commercial relations with the cities Others.The researcher relied on analysis and conclusion to recite the facts, but he faced some difficulties represented by: the lack of historical sources for this important geographical part, and after he made an effort not easily, what was obtained from the historical sources was obtained, and writing a research that included three topics first He dealt with the administrative and political importance of the region, the second focused on industrial aspects, and the third dealt with the issue of commercial centers.

The current research aims to identify the nature of volunteering and to highlight the positive aspect during the tragedy of volunteering, as well as to identify the obstacles that stand in the way of contributing to volunteering and to achieve these goals the researcher prepared a questionnaire questionnaire addressed the phenomenon the subject of research, and these have been applied The questionnaire on a sample of students of Babylon University at Babylon University numbered (131) students were selected in a random way to represent the research variables. The results of the research showed that (99.2%) Of the respondents, 69.5% of respondents said that the lack of official support is an obstacle to their contribution to volunteering.

Feminism is quite known to the academic reader, however, involving it with relatively new forms of literature, such as film, may sound alarming. Film is indeed a popular form of literature that reflects modern life. The message it carries affects a very wide range of audience. It provides a new variety of technique (such as the I-Camera) and simultaneously employs the well-established standards of classic literature.
This paper analyses Black Swan according to Feminist Film Theory. The analysis focuses on the portrayal of the heroine, Nina Sayers, especially her transformation into the Black Swan. The transformation is highly symbolic and, thus, it is achieved through many motifs and techniques, which will all be discussed throughout the paper.