Iraqi Journal of Information and communication technology

Wireless Networked Control System (WNCS), has the advantage of control signal efficiency, reduced costs, robustness, and more flexibility over the wired Networked Control System (NCS). However, one of the most important challenges of WNCS is the variable and random time delay associated with the network that affects the whole system stability. In this paper, a fuzzy PID controller is proposed to overcome this issue by controlling the DC motor over the Wi-Fi network. PSO algorithm is used to tune the controller, and True Time simulator is used to simulate the Wi-Fi network. The results showed that the tuned Fuzzy PID controller is efficiently reduced the effect of the time delay. The results show that the network can handle up to 7500 and 6000 nodes when the bandwidth is 0.4 and 0.9 respectively without a sensible degradation in the system performance of the tackled system

Searching for a relevant image in an archive is a problematic research issue for the computer vision research community. The majority of search engines retrieve images using traditional text-based approaches that rely on captions and metadata. Extensive research has been reported in the last two decades for content-based image retrieval (CBIR), analysis, and image classification. Content-Based Image Retrieval is a process that provides a framework for image search, and low-level visual features are commonly used to retrieve the images from the image database. The essential requirement in any image retrieval process is to sort the images with a close similarity in terms of visual appearance. The shape, color, and texture are examples of low-level image features. In image classification-based models and CBIR, high-level image visuals are expressed in the form of feature vectors made up of numerical values. The researcher’s findings that there is a significant gap between image feature representation and human visual understanding. Due to this reason, the research presented in this area is focused to reduce these mantic gap between the image feature representation and human visual understanding. In this paper, we plan to present a comparison study and a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the field of CBIR and image representation. We analyzed the main aspects of various image retrieval and image representation models. The important concepts and major research studies based on CBIR and image representation are discussed in detail, and future research directions are concluded to inspire further research in this area

Speech coding is a method of earning a tight speech signals representation for efficient storage and efficient transmission over band-limited wired or wireless channels. This is usually achieved with acceptable representation and the least number of bits without depletion in the perceptual quality. A number of speech coding methods have already been developed and various speech coding algorithms for speech analysis and synthesis are used. This paper deals with the comparison of selected coding methods for speech signals produced by the Electro Larynx (EL) device. The latter is a device used by cancer patients with their vocal laryngeal cords being removed. The used methods are Residual-Excited Linear Prediction (RELP), Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP), Algebraic Code Excited Linear Predictive (ACELP), Phase Vocoders based on Wavelet Transform (PVWT), Channel Vocoders based on Wavelet Transform (CVWT), and Phase vocoder based on Dual-Tree Rational-Dilation Complex Wavelet Transform (PVDT-RADWT). The aim here is to select the best coding approach based on the quality of there produced speech. The signal used in the test is speech signal recorded either directly by normal persons or else produced by EL device. The performance of each method is evaluated using both objective and subjective listening tests. The results indicate that PVWT and ACELP coders perform better than other methods having about 40 d BSNR and 3 PESQ score for EL speech and 75 dB with 3.5 PESQ score for normal speech, respectively

Ad-Hoc routing algorithm has always been a core problem in research of Ad-Hoc networks. To deal with various routing protocol problems on an ad-hoc network like poor validity and large control overhead, this paper classifies and compares ad-hoc network routing protocols through the OPNET simulation tool and focuses on testing two routing protocols’ performance namely, table-driven and on-demand routing protocol. The DSDV Destination Sequenced Distance Vector routing protocol is the most used table-driven routing protocol, while AODV(Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) and DSR (Dynamic source routing) routing protocols are the most used on-demand routing protocols. The performance of these three protocols are simulated with a variety of packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delays, and routing loads are also been analyzed and compared using different movement speed (from 0 to 25 m/s) and a constant bitrate source traffic model. The results obtained from 20 network nodes distributed randomly showed that the on-demand routing protocol is the best option for a high mobility environment