Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

The FIR filter is the one from the most DSP components used. There are two main approaches to design of FIR, first using the windows that have simple mathematics calculations but its results are not optimal. The second method that uses Least Squares error approach to get an optimal design but it required to large number of calculations.
A new algorithm for weighted least squares linear-phase FIR filter design has been presented, this algorithm used to solve quadratic programming problems. This paper shows how to rearrange this algorithm to reduce the number of flouting point operations (FPOs), that will results in a faster method for constrained least squares FIR filter design. The proposed algorithm is fast, stable and suitable for high order filter design.

Intersections are usually considered as the critical points within the network and the evaluation of their performance provides valuable understanding and useful indication about the performance of the system. The capacity of signalized intersection is of more significant because such intersections often control the ability of the city streets to accommodate traffic. In Baghdad, most of the signalized intersections are congested and operate in LOS E or F. Accordingly, the objective of the present study is to improve the performance operation of two signalized intersections by investigating the proper alternatives to enhance the traffic capacity of the mentioned facilities. To achieve this objective, Maysaloon and AlBayda'a signalized intersection in Baghdad city were selected. Both of them are located in an area of heavy traffic volume since there are many attraction locations close to the study area.

Recently, the industrial applications using an electro-hydraulic system have been widely used. Since these are necessary and more ambitious specifications with respect to positioning accuracy, rapid motion and for generating large forces. Position control system is one of the applications in the area of the electro-hydraulic systems.
In this work, a single ended hydraulic cylinder with limit position sensor was employed. It was proposed to develop a position control system that incorporates features of a microcontroller interfacing with position sensors and detecting the position of the hydraulic cylinder rod.
Microcontrollers are ideal for embedded control applications since a self - contained control system may be constructed with just a few components. Developing such a system required to build a software part running on the microcontroller as well as a hardware part consisting of mechanical and electronic components. An electro-hydraulic system based on the proportional valve technology was employed. The heart of this system is an electrically adjustable proportional directional control valve linked to the embedded controller MCS51 via Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller .

The main contribution of this paper is to present and discusses a new approach for
development of a kinematics model and control strategy for a nonholonomic Wheeled
Mobile Robot WMR.
Dynamic model is involved, the linearization of the model is also presented, and stability analysis is discussed. Extensive simulation results for the proposed controller are presented.

The aim of this study is to find a correlation between strength of different concrete specimen shapes and sizes of self-compacting concrete, to evaluate the mechanical properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity) and compare them with conventional concrete.
Self-compacting concrete mixes and conventional concrete mixes with different compressive strengths (20, 40, 60 and 80)MPa are used to determine the effects of: compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity on these relations. Water curing condition is used and the age tests are 7, 28 and 90 days for self-compacting concrete and 28 days for conventional concrete. The result obtained from this study indicates:
The difference between results of cylinders/cubes of self-compacting concrete compressive strength are lesser than the difference of conventional concrete related to the slenderness of specimens.

This paper describes hybrid access control system based on a new approach of face recognition and PIN (Personal Identification Number) code identification, which is done by finding the closest match between features implemented on the same databases. This approach involves two identification and matching subsystems. The outputs from these subsystems are combined to decide the final output that authorizes the access to the secure building for certain persons while denying the access for the others.
In verification, a biometric identifier is compared to another template through a PIN number of database. Identification involves comparing an existing image against a large image database in order to identify the individual depicted. For this purpose, a camera is set in the door looking at the enter and the captured frames are analyzed. The implementation includes neural networks for PIN code identifications, and analysis starts by selecting the regions of interest in the face images using NN.

This investigation deals with the performance prediction of the cross flow air cooled heat exchangers. Experimental and theoretical studies were conducted to perform the optimization of the thermal design of the heat exchanger. The experimental work was carried out by two different types and sizes of finned tube air cooled heat exchangers. An experimental rig was built for this object which provides hot water at the range of (40 to 70) Cº with water circulating rate of (200 to 1800) l/hr at absolute pressure of (2) bar. A centrifugal fan was installed as a major part of the experimental rig to provide atmospheric air with volumetric flow rate of (1250 and 2500) cfm. The performance parameters measured in the experimental work were flow rates and temperature at the entering and leaving sides of the process and service fluids passing through the heat exchanger. Further, the water side operating pressure at the inlet and exit ports, and the wet bulb temperature of air on both sides of heat exchanger have been measured as well. The entering air dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures were in the range (16 to 24) Cº and (13 to 20) Cº respectively.

The combination of wavelet theory and neural networks has lead to the development of wavelet networks (wavenets). Wavenets are feed-forward neural networks which used wavelets as activation functions, and the basis used in wavenet has been called wavelons. Wavenets are successfully used in identification problems. The strength of wavenets lies in their capabilities of catching essential features in “frequency-rich” signals. In wavenet, both the translation and the dilation of the wavelets (wavelons) are optimized besides the weights.
The wavenet algorithm consists of two processes: the self-construction of networks and the minimization of errors. In the first process, the network structure is determined by using wavelet analysis. In the second process, the approximation errors are minimized. The wavenets with different types of frame wavelet function are integrated for their simplicity, availability, and capability of constructing unknown nonlinear function. Thus, wavelet can identify the localization of unknown function at any level.

Preconsolidation pressure is a very important parameter, which describes the stress history and affects the behavior of the cohesive soil in geotechnical engineering. Many graphical methods have been suggested by researchers for determining preconsolidation pressure, these methods include, Casagrande, Schmertmann, Butterfield, Janbu, Tavenas, Van Zelst, old method, and Senol and Saglamer method.
For this research, a comparison was studied between a known preconsolidation pressure and that obtained from all graphical methods. The influence of load duration and load ratio on preconsolidation pressure was also studied in this research.
It has been found that, the method of Tavenas gives the best results of preconsolidation values as compared with the results of the other methods.

In this paper, a numerical study of the turbulent air flow and heat transfer through a duct with baffle plates is performed. The effect of baffles arrangement baffles number, baffle height and baffle thickness on the flow and heat transfer characteristics is investigated. The fully elliptic differential equations that describe the flow and heat transfer are integrated using the finite volume approach. The standard k-є model with wall functions has been submitted to model the turbulence. The obtained computed results show that the boundary layer separation and recirculation regions are significantly affected with the height, thickness and arrangements of the baffle plates. Also the results demonstrate that in the presence of the baffle, the heat is significantly enhanced. The bulk temperature values along the duct are decreased with the increase of Reynolds number for all the studied cases

Aluminum offers the ideal prerequisites for recycling that is economically and ecologically sound. Aluminum is readily recycled without any loss of quality and hence scrap aluminum has significant value.
Aluminum beverage cans is the most recycled packaging material because of the high value of the scrap and ease of collection, unlike other materials, aluminum retains its properties throughout the process. So, no mater how many times a can is used
The recycling of aluminum beverage cans eliminate waste. It saves energy reduce emissions, reduce use of city landfills and provides added revenue for recyclers.
This research deals with aluminum beverage cans recycling process in Iraq and explain the limited sides of the present and suggest a national program to collect, sort and melt these cans to develop this industry in Iraq since it has great economical and environmental advantages

This research presents a theoretical study to the behavior of composite beam with partial connection under flexural wave propagation, connected together by stud shear connectors. Equilibrium and compatibility are satisfied for the forces and displacements at the assumed element. As a result, five simultaneous differential equations with respect to x-axis and time (t), with different deflections and rotations in each element, taking into account slip occurring at the interface between elements, and entire effect of time by the method of characteristics with Laxwendroff solution. A computer program is written in (Visual Basic) to apply the suggested theoretical model.

In this paper, the power failure in a pumping system has been studied for different flow (Water and Oil). The transient flow rate and head of water and oil had been calculated at different section and effect of fluid properties had been studied.
A computer program (Oil Hammer) was developed to solve the mathematical model using predictor-corrector scheme of characteristic methods.

The present research dealt with the preparation of bars with a length of about (13Cm) and a diameter of (1.5Cm) of composite material with a metal matrix represented by (Al-Cu-Mg) cast reinforced by (ZrO2) or (Al2O3) particles with choosen weight percentages (1, 3, 5)%. The matrix alloy and the composite materials were prepared by casting method using vortex technique in order to disperse reinforced particles in a homogeneous way on the matrix alloy. In addition to that, two main groups of composite materials, the first group included composite material reinforced by (ZrO2) particles with by the particle size (0.05µm