Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The present snrdy was mnducted to evaluate fte effect of amlodipine on blmd p€ssurc and kidney function in
patients in Mosul clb,. Thirty patients participated in ftis S.rdy ( 14 female ard 16 nrale )
Arnlodipine was administercd for a period of 8 weeks in doses of 5 to l0 mg once daily. Antlripentensive efficacy was
assesd by measurement of blood pressure by standand mercury sphygmomanometer before and afur rcdnent . Blood
sampleswercobtained fiomeachpatientbeforeardafurteatnentand tlreobtainedserawereanalpodforruralpaarnetas
vririch they all measr"ned in serum by using mlorimetic and en4anaic mehod. Credinine cleararce was calculded bywing
the Cockoft and Gault ecluation.
The resulb of the study showd that anlodipine drerqpy lead tl a sigrificant reduction in blood pressue tllrugfrout the
study and about 5fflo ofthe patien8 exhibit BP reduction tc notmal values afur drerapy. CreAinine clearance was significarfly
increased afur the end of the sudy . All other renal parameten including urea , credinine, sodilnn and potassium
concentdions showed a sigrificant reductions. It was concluded that therapy with arnlodipine car be useful ard effedive
flrcmpyinhpefiensivepaientswith deterioratdkidneysfi.lictionin oncedailydosage.

Different extract of Malva neglecta were investigated for their antibacterial against Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus. aureus. Haemophilus. Influenza. Moraxella,. catatahhs. Almost all extract produced significants antibacterial activity against all microorganisim the in comparisom with Gentamicin sulphate.Petrolium.ether was more effective than the other extract . The flavonoids was separated on silica gel thin layer chromatography and responsible for this activity the study determined that t antibacterial action is related to flavonoid.

Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder which causes many complications. These are subdivided into microvascular complication affecting retina, kidney and peripheral nerves and macrovascular complications (atherosclerosis) affecting the major arterial systems including coronary arteries. Abnormal lipid metabolism is common in DM and it play an important role in the macrovascular complications. In this case control study 150 diabetic patients on different regimens of treatment were investigated for hyperlipidemia and compared to each other and to 50 apparently healthy control. Comparison of each group of diabetic patients with the control group was as follow; regarding total cholesterol there was no significant difference, higlyceride was significantly higher in group 2 (mixed insulin and oral hypoglycemic therapy), and group 3 (oral hypoglycemic drugs therapy) (P<0.001) in comparison with control group, while in group I (only insulin therapy) it was lower than the control group, but the difference was siatistically not significant, HDL was significantly lower in all groups in comparison with control group and the least value of HDL was found in group 3 (P<0.001). Regarding LDL there was no significant difference in comparison with the control group, while VLDL was higher in group 2 and 3 than the control group and the difference was significant (P<0.001). Comparison of the measured parameters among three groups of diabetic patients was as follow; regarding total cholesterol and LDL there was no significant difference among these three groups. Triglycerides and VLDL were significantly lower in group 1 (P<0.001), while HDL was significantly lower in group 3 (P< 0.001). Cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL were significantly higher in females in group 2 (P<0.05). Regarding HDL and LDL no significant difference was found between males and females. In group I triglyceride was higher in those with 5 - l0 years treatment, while in group 2 & 3 there was no significant difference in measured parameters regarding the duration of treatment

Hyperlipoproteiteinemia is well established as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases .. Lowering of serum liquids were found to be associated with tbe reduction in cardiovascular diseases .The aim of this study is to determine tbe effect of Nigel la sativa oil on the-serum lipids , Fasting blood glucose and w-ic acid in Hyperlipoproteinemia patients. Blood samples were taken from (30) patients suffer from Hyperlipoproteinemia and volunteered to take Nigella sativa oil .The blood samples from these groups were analyzed for measuring serum total choesterol triglycerides , phospholipids ,low density lipoprotei.n,fa.sting blood glucose and uric acid before and after taking Nigella sativa oil .The results revealed that Nigella sativa oil was shown to decrease significantly the levels of total cholesterol , triglycerides, phospholipids , LDL cholesterol and uric acid while there were no effects on VLDL -cholesterol and fasting blood glucose, it was also shown significant increase in the levels of HDL-cholesterol.

This study was performed to determine the possible synergistic effects between zinc sulphate & pollen of Date palm in the treatment of men infertility. Pollen powder was packed as 500 mg iq capsules,. while zinc sulphate capsule was prepared by packing 100 mg of zinc sulphate with 400 mg glucose in gelatinous capsule. A combined therapy used for treatment of 25 infertile men as one capsule for each patient twice
daily for 3 months. The treatment was significantly increased serum LH, FSH, & testosterone levels. It was also, increased significantly sperm count & motility. Sexual desire was also significantly increased. Wives of treated men got pregnancy during the treatment period. Combined therapy of Date palm pollen & zinc sulphate cause no biochemical & hematological toxicities

Diabetic is commonly associated with abnormalities in plasma lipids and lipoproteins levels .In particulars, diabetes mellitus, usually presents with concomitant elevations in the plasma triglycerides levels and reductions in plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration. These abnormalities certainly play a role in the increased risk for cardiovascular disease, particularly ischemic heart disease (IHD). Blood samples were taken from (150) healthy control subjects (86 male and 64 females), (150) patients suffer from previous signs of IHD (84 males and 66 females) were involved in this study. The blood samples from these groups were analyzed for measuring serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, low-density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, high- density lipoprotein and fasting blood glucose .All control subjects have a normal fasting blood glucose, normal resting electrocardiograph, blood pressure and serum lipids. Diabetics have been shown to have high levels of serum lipids than non diabetics and it also important role in the occurrence ofIHD particularly in hyperlipidemic patients.

This study was designed to fovestigate the actjvity of herbal decoctions on different bacterial isolates. The antibacterial activity of herbal extracts was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Decoctions of Coriander· (Cofianedum Sativum) & Mustard (Brassica Nigra) were prepared according to tractitjonal herbal recipes. Simple disk - diffusion method was employed over all the decoctions exhibited a positive effect on the bacteria by decreasing and inhibiting the bacterial growt11.

This is a three years old child from Himreen rural areas the patient had fever, pallor, & hepatosplenomegaly and two ulcers on the face. The patient responded to Pentostam. While we used in Iraq to see leishmaniasis as either pure cutaneous or pure visceral forms of leishmaniasis, this is a case with combined cutaneous & visceral forms of leishmaniasis in a patient with normal immune system. Which may explained by the leishmaniae species that primarily cause cutaneous disease & rarely cause visceral disease or by primarily viscerotropic leishma'nia that primarily cause visceral disease which may also cause skin lesions or by mixed infections by two different species of leishmaniae, one of them is dermatotropic, & the other one is viscerotropic.

This cross-sectional study is canied out to identify the distribution of dental caries an1ong 400 primary school children of 12 years age in Al-MukalJa area in Yemen.It was found that 198 (49.5%) out of 400 school children have dental caries; of those affected children 51.5% were males, and 48.5% were females. Dental caries was found to occur more in permanent teeth (76.6%) and distributed mostly in the lower jaw (54%). rt is more distributed in mban areas where the affected seen to represent 53%, whereas in the rural areas it was 38%. In comparisori, the distribution of dental caries (am,ong the affected) in private schools (5TYoj is more than that in governmentcrl schools (47%), and the children living i11 areas receive their water supply from Al-Ghail, Source 1, are affected (53.6%) more than those living in areas supplied from Al-Taweela, Source 2, (42.7%). Finally dental caries causes missing of the teeth in 8% of children.

Self-medication is worldwide method of prevention and treatment of many health problems and self -use of drugs is commonly practiced. To evaluate the prevalence of this problem in our community in Hadhramout this study was conducted.Data were collected from randomly selected dispensaries and drug stores in the four largest cities in Hadhramout, Mukalla,Al-shiher ,,Al-ghail &Sayoon during the period October - December 1999 .1100 out of 4040 (27% ) were self-drug users .(39%) were 21-30years age ,(22%) over 40 years and (I4%) bellow l0years.(67%") of self- drug user were of primary school level of education and bellow, (17%o)of secondary school and (16%o) of university level. The most common methods of drug requisition were to desuibe the complaints to the dispenser (35.8%o), (21.4%o) showed sample of drug or empty container and some brought an old prescription (11.5%o). some other methods of requisition were also seen. Analgesics-antipyretics were the most drugs requested (35.7%o), antibiotics (25.9%o), drugs for respiratory system (10.4%o), ant parasitic (5.2%") and antacids (5%Q. Tonics and drugs for DM, HTN were also requested by this methods. The most common cause of self- medication were previous experience (48.3%o), advises from relatives andfriends (10.3%o) and thinking of simplicity of the diseases that no need to consult a doctor (10.3%o). (60%0) of the patients lrnow some adverse reaction of the drugs, (25%o) knew and (15%r) didn't know about .Of all the patients (42.8%0) practicing self-medication occasionally, (31%o) very rarely and (26.2%o) mostfor the timeslt is concluded that self-drug use is commonly practiced in our community as affirdable and easy way of treatment by dffirent age groups and at all levels
of education. There is misuse and iirational over use of not only the OTC drugs but almost every Qpe of drugs. Suitable health education programs, Proper regulations and close observation is recommended

Anemia is among the public health problem especially in developing countries. Yemen is not an exceptional.Methodology: this study is cross sectional study, which is conducted during the first 6 month of the year 2004 and involved 300 pregnant women attending 4 main MCH centers in A1-salam, October and Fowa regions. The data were collected used a questionnaire. The blood samples were extracted by finger pJick.Results: Showed that anemia is a common feature among blood pregnant women (81 %) in comparison to (19%) that are not anemic.Conclusion and recommendations: Prevalence of anemia among studied pregnant women were frequent in all age groups and anemia is less in the first trimester (5.3%).Increasing level of awareness in women a1_1d their families about the risk of anemia in pregnancy and to create the need for iron supplement