MUSTANSIRIA DENTAL JOURNAL

The purpose of this study was to assess the treatment results following endodontic
therapy of teeth filled with gutta-percha A total of 340 patients were used in this study referring to Al-Mustansirya University, 400 periapical radiographs of previously endodontic treated teeth were evaluated from patients were aged from 19-49 years old selected amongst subjects referred to Al- Mustansirya dental collage, these patients had been root filled for 12 months or greater.
After samples selection, Radiographic examination was performed using the
parallel technique with one periapical radiograph was taken for each tooth.
Standardized exposure processing was used in order to obtain optimal diagnostic quality of the radiographs.
Radiographs were assigned according to patient's sex and age, time elapsed since placement of the root fillings, distance of root filling from radiographic apex which measured directly from the radiographic categorized according to whether the root filling was less than 2 mm from the radiographic apex , or over filled teeth also pain and presence or absence of radiolucency was recorded. In conclusion, teeth with root canal fillings material placed to within 2 mm of the radiographic apex were associated with higher success rates than fillings that were 2 mm or greater from radiographic apex.

A successful endodontic treatment requires that the apex of the treated tooth be
completely and densely sealed with root canal filling material. One of the most
difficult endodontic problems is the management of necrotic immature tooth due to
the blunderbuss apex and the difficulty in achieving a tight seal between the root canal
system and the external surface of the tooth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
sealing ability the apical calcified bridge formed by calcium hydroxide paste, white
MTA or gray MTA during apexification procedure.
Thirty premolars with single root canals were prepared to simulate an open apex.
These roots were divided into 3 groups as follow: Group A: 10 roots filled with
Ca(OH)2 paste, Group B: 10 roots filled with white MTA, and Group C: 10 roots
filled with gray MTA. Each root was placed in a polyethylene vial containing 25 m1
of synthetic tissue fluid (STF) and incubated at 37°C for 3 months. After 3 months
and the formation of calcified bridge, each root was immersed in 2% freshly prepared
Methylene blue dye in 5 ml plastic vial for seven days. After the leakage period, the
roots were removed from the dye and the leakage in all roots was examined by
measuring the linear extent of dye penetration from the apical end of the canal
preparation to the coronal direction by means of a light stereomicroscope at (40 X)
magnification with calibrated grid.
Ca(OH)2 paste group has the highest mean value of apical dye penetration
followed by WMTA, while GMTA group shows the lowest mean value of apical dye
penetration. There was a highly significant difference in the apical dye penetration
(p<0.01) among these groups, statistically a high significant difference is found
(p<0.01) between Ca(OH)2 group and WMTA group, and between Ca(OH)2 group
and GMTA group; whereas, significant difference is found (p<0.05) between WMTA
group and GMTA group.
The apical calcified bridge formed by GMTA has the best sealing ability followed
by that formed by WMTA. While the apical calcified bridge formed by Ca(OH)2 paste
has the lowest sealing ability as compared with that formed byWMTA and GMTA.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface hardness and depth of cure of
resin composites cured with a quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) lamp or a light emitting
diodes (LED) unit.
Swiss Tec (colten/whaledent AG, Switzerland) resin composite was placed in1, 2,
3, and 4 mm depth and 8 mm width metallic molds and cured using the QTH light or the LED unit for 40s.
A total of 40 samples were made that divided into two groups according to the
type of curing light with 20 samples each. Each group was subdivided into 4 groups
according to the height of the mold with 5 samples each. Microhardness
measurements were performed using a calibrated Vickers indenter (100 g load and 30s dwell time). Measurement of depth of cure was carried out by means of hardness ratio (bottom/top × 100).
Results were analyzed by paired student's t-tests (P < 0.05). Results showed that
LED exhibited higher microhardness values than QTH unit and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.03) at the top surface and highly significant (P = 0.001) at the bottom surface.
Further more the results revealed that LED produced samples with hardness ratio
(depth of cure) higher than QTH unit and the difference was highly significant (P =
0.004) at 3 mm depth. Both curing lights inadequately cure samples at 4 mm depth.
Conclusions: Curing effectiveness of resin composite is better with LED than QTH unit especially when the composite thickness exceed 2 mm.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 5.25 sodium hypochlorite and
17%EDTA on the microhardness of root canal dentin .
Fifteen, maxillary incisor teeth extracted for periodontal reasons were used. The
crowns of the teeth were removed at the CEJ. The roots were separated longitudinally
into two segments, embedded in acrylic resin, and polished. A total of 30specimens were divided into 3 groups of 10 teeth at random according to the irrigation solution
used: group 1: 5.25% NaOCl for 1min; group 2: 17% EDTA for 1 min; and group 3: distilled water (control). Each group was submitted to Vickers microhardness
indentation tests. The data were recorded as Vickers numbers and the results were analyzed statistically by using one-way ANOVA.
The results showed that, irrigation with either sodium hypochlorite or EDTA decreased the microhardness value of root dentin. Irrigation with EDTA gave more reduction of dentin compared to sodium hypochlorite. The reduction of VHN of dentin following the irrigation treatment was statistically significant (p< 0.05 ) .
Both sodium hypochlorite and EDTA irrigation solution significantly reduced the microhardness of root dentin.

The aim of this study is to estimate the severity of dental caries among dental school students.
Dental caries severity was conducted among 19-23 years old students in all classes in Al- Mustansiria University / college of dentistry. The total sample composed of 150
students 30 students from each class (75 males total and 75 females total).
Dental caries diagnosis was according to criteria of WHO(1).
Results of the this study showed that none of the examined students were caries
free; in another word, caries percentage was found to be 100%, DMFS values
decrease with advancing class level with on significant difference between all classes
and increase in Fs values with a significant difference between females in all classes this is attributed to the higher awareness regarding prevention of dental diseases among finish dental students.

This study evaluated the transverse strength of polymerized acrylic resin after
immersion in sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 20 minute, 3times a day for 15 days.
40 rectangular specimens were prepared from heat polymerized acrylic resin; 20
specimens were immersed in 0.5℅ NaOCl as experimental group and 20 specimens
were immersed in distilled water as control group. The transverse strength was
measured using a 3 –point bending test in a universal testing machine. The study
showed that there was no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between groups.
It may be concluded that immersion in NaOCl solution did not influence the transverse strength of heat polymerized acrylic resin.

The calcium, inorganic – phosphate of 20 pregnant women with age (20 – 45)
years wearing removable partial denture divided into 3 trimester and 10 women married non pregnants as control.
In resting saliva the concentration of calcium not changed significantly in pregnant
women, and inorganic – phosphorus found not to be changed significantly.
The aim of this study was to see the pregnancy related change in human saliva and relation to the oral findings and effect of wearing removable partial denture.

Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem, occurring endemically in all
areas of the world. Unlike hepatitis A, hepatitis B does not generally spread through water & food. Instead, it is transmitted through body fluids; prevention is thus the
avoidance of such transmission. This study included a total of 43patients who
attended outpatient's maxillofacial clinic, in Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Ramadi city.
Results showed that out of the 43 patients 3 cases turned out to be Hbs Ag positive.
Contact with blood and blood products, or contaminated saliva, surgeons and dentists are more at risk of this is a first investigation into the prevalence of acquiring HBV.
All unvaccinated adults are at risk for HBV infection should be vaccinated. Hepatitis B vaccine is made from a part of the hepatitis B virus.

The fear of uncontrolled bleeding often prompts medical practitioners to stop
aspirin intake for seven to 10 days before any surgical procedure. This study was
initiated to evaluate the effect of aspirin on bleeding in patients undergoing oral
surgery.
The study group consisted of 39 patients who were subjected to undergo dental extraction. All patients were receiving 100 milligrams of aspirin daily on a regular basis. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: those who stopped the aspirin therapy before the procedure and those who continued the aspirin therapy. One hour before the procedures, all patients underwent a bleeding time test. In addition, the amount of bleeding during the procedure was measured.
The mean (± standard deviation) bleeding time was 1.8 ± 0.47 minutes for patients
who stopped aspirin therapy one week before the procedure. For patients who continued aspirin therapy, the bleeding time was 3.1 ± 0.65 minutes. The difference was statistically significant (P = .004). However, both groups were within the normal bleeding time range, and in both groups, a local hemostatic method was sufficient to control bleeding. No episodes of uncontrolled intraoperative or postoperative bleeding were noted.
Stopping of low-dose aspirin therapy is not a must before oral surgery. Local hemostasis is sufficient to control bleeding.

The dental pulp is a delicate connective tissue , it react to bacterial infection or to other stimuli by an inflammatory response .Once infection has been established in the pulp , spread of the process can be through the root canals and into the periapical lesions.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of digital and film panoramic
radiographs in detection the periapical bone lesion in different sites ,which detected previously by periapical radiographs .In this study 106 teeth were examined by intra oral periapical radiographs which indicated that only 60 teeth were with periapical
bone lesion , then by both digital and film panoramic the teeth with periapical lesion
were examined .The results show significant advantage of digital panoramic which show the same mean of periapical lesion like conventional periapical radiographs ,
also the study show significant differences between digital and film panoramic radiographs in incisor region for the detection of periapical bone lesion .

The objective of this study was to investigate the frequencies of sclerotic ostitis in
jaw bones in Iraqi patient population with respect to age and gender, in addition to
shape, localization, and the dental relationship of lesions.
A retrospective study was performed using a conventional panoramic radiographs
of 867 patients ranging in age from 15 to 60 years subjected to dental treatment.
Descriptive characteristics of radiopacities (Idiopathic osteosclerosis IO, and Condensing ostitis CO) including shape, location, and its dental relationship were recorded.
There were 40 radiopacities detected, 27 IO lesions in 24 subjects (3.1 %) (15 females, 9males), and 13 CO lesions in 11 subjects (1.2 %) (9 females, 4 males). Both IO and CO lesions were found to be higher in number among females when compared to males. The frequency of IO lesions was found to be significantly higher in the age
group (31-45 years) than in other groups. On the other hand, the frequency of CO lesions was higher in both age groups (31-45) and (46-60), and its frequency in these periods was statistically higher than in the (15-30).
Our results point to the low IO and CO frequency among the Iraqi population. In addition, our findings support the theory that IO lesions are developmental variations of normal bone architecture unrelated to a local stimulant and CO lesions could be considered reactive formations related to teeth with severe caries,restoration, or pulpitis.

Abstract
To investigate the characteristic intensity and pattern of staining of P53 and Ki67 in oral squamous cell carcinoma in different grading of lesions.
Thirty patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were collected and used to detect the intensity and pattern of staining of P53 and ki67 markers by
immunohistochemical method. Immunoreactivity of this study for P53 found that 21 (70%) were positive in
different grading of disease. Most frequent combination includes strong intensity in 11 cases (52%) and diffuse pattern in 15 cases (71%).
Immunoreactivity of Ki67 in oral squamous cell carcinoma indifferent grading was found positivity for ki67 in 25 cases (83%) and the most frequent pattern of staining was the scattered which seen in 20 cases (80%) and 5 cases (20%) had diffuse pattern of staining. In conclusion the study revealed that the intensity and pattern of staining of P53 and Ki67 correlate with well differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Successful treatment of molar furcation defects remains a challenge in clinical
practice. Knowledge of anatomic factors facilitates predictable management of
furcation involvement lesions. Intermediate bifurcational ridge (IBRs) and
cementicles are of those anatomical variations which considered as problems in progression treatment of the disease.
The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of IBRs and cementicles in Iraqi mandibular molars. The sample used in the study included 498 extracted mandibular molars. The results revealed that the prevalence IBRs was 306/498 teeth (61.44%), and that for the cementicles was 204/498 teeth (40.96%). The total sample was allocated into two groups:
Group 1 included 313 molars (165 mandibular first molar and 148 mandibular
second molar) , The teeth of group 1 were extracted because of caries and
pulpal lesions, while Group 2 included 185 mandibular molars ( 98 first molar and 87 second molar).
The reason of extraction of the teeth of group 2 was periodontal disease (different degrees of furcation involvement). For group 1 the results showed that 111/313 (35.46%) of mandibular molars had attached cementicles in furcation area and 185/313 (59.10%) were affected by IBRs. While in group 2 the percentage of both anomalies was higher than that of group 1. In group 2 the results revealed that 93/185 (50.27%) of the teeth had cementicles and 121/185 (65.4%) were recorded with IBRs.
These results give an indication that the prevalence of cem. and IBRs high
enough to be of clinical importance.

Abstract
Periodontitis is a persistent bacterial infection causing chronic inflammation in
periodontal tissues. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease
that is associated with increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis.
Our aim is to evaluate periodontal treatment needs of type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients according to the age and the duration of DM.
One hundred and seventy one type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients were enrolled in this study. Recording of gender, age, and duration of DM was done. Periodontal examination to evaluate treatment needs (TN) was performed by using community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN), Scoring for each patient was done by dividing his mouth into six sextants.
CPITN showed a variation in the distribution of the patients according to age. In the age category (30-39) years; code 0 and code 1 represented 23.6 % and 59.8 % of the sextants respectively. Concerning treatment needs, only 11.8 % of patients did not need any treatment (TN 0). In the age category (40-49) years; code 1 was the most frequent code and represented 61.5% of the sextants . All patients in this age category need a sort of treatment . In the age categories (50-59) years and (60-69) years; code 3 represented 21.8% and 30.6% of the sextants respectively and TN3 represented 50% and 49.2% of the patients respectively. In this study, when the duration of DM is 1-5 years, code 3 represented only 13.6% of the sextants and periodontal treatment needs TN3 was 26.3% of patients while code 3 reached 26% of the sextants and TN3 represented 52.7% of the patients when the duration of DM was > 5 years.
In conclusion periodontal treatment needs of type 2 diabetic patients became more complicated if the patients were older and the duration of DM was longer.