JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES

Studying the physical evidence and the characteristics of muscle strength and speed that characterize 110m hurdlers using an advanced statistical method represented by factor analysis in order to reach the most accurate final results in order to facilitate the task of coaches in selecting the best players. The importance of the research lies in its being an attempt to identify the importance of the physical evidence that distinguishes 110m hurdlers, as well as identifying the characteristics of muscle strength and speed for them, which are considered an indicator that can be relied upon in the process of selecting elite 110m hurdlers. The research sample was chosen intentionally, which included (6) elite 110m hurdlers who participated in the sports season (2014-2015), using the basic components method of Harold Hotelling, which was used in the study. Seven factors were reached, and the accepted factors were named (general body index factor, lower limb length factor, longitudinal circumference factor, muscle strength factor, speed factor).

Basketball has a great position among sports in the world, and in some countries it has even ranked first, so it was necessary to find ways to make the game successful. One of the research objectives was to prepare a set of tactical exercises and identify the effect of these exercises on the level of positive thinking and some of the players' complex offensive skills in basketball. One of the research hypotheses is that there are significant statistical differences between the pre- and post-tests in positive thinking for both the experimental and control groups, in favor of the post-tests. The third chapter addressed the field research procedures used, while the fourth chapter was a presentation, analysis and discussion of the results of the research tests. In the fifth chapter, the researcher reached a set of conclusions, including the existence of significant statistical differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests, in favor of the post-test. The most important recommendations were to emphasize the use of scientific foundations when developing tactical exercises in terms of their sequence and the amount of load given during the training unit, with an emphasis on the period of rest between them, and the necessity of paying attention to the psychological aspect, as it has a clear effect on mastering skills, especially complex skills, and developing them.

This study came to answer the extent of the impact of a proposed program in small games on the development of some elements of physical fitness for first-year middle school students. It aimed to develop a proposed small games program to develop some elements of physical fitness (speed, flexibility, agility), and measure that impact. The researcher used the experimental method using the experimental design for two equivalent groups (control and experimental). The study sample consisted of (70 male and female students) from first-year middle school students, who were selected randomly, to be divided into two groups, 35 students representing a control group to which the traditional program prepared by the physical education and sports teacher at Setif-Brika Middle School was applied for the 2013/2014 academic year, and an experimental group to which the proposed program in small games was applied.

The importance of the research was crystallized in using the generative learning strategy and knowing its effect on cognitive achievement, academic self and attitude towards studying physical education teaching methods compared to the method followed. The research sample consisted of two groups, one experimental group studied according to the generative learning strategy and the other control group studied according to the method followed by the teacher. The cognitive achievement scale for the teaching methods subject prepared by (Farhad: 2011: 22) and the attitude scale towards studying teaching methods prepared by (Walid and Salwan: 2009: 30) were used. The academic self-concept scale was built, and an educational curriculum was built according to the generative learning strategy. After applying the experiment and conducting tests on the two groups, they were statistically processed using the SPSS statistical package. Conclusions were reached, the most important of which was the superiority of the experimental group that studied according to the generative learning strategy over the control group in cognitive achievement of the scientific material prescribed for the teaching methods subject, which is (Mosten's direct methods), and the level of academic self-concept. The attitude towards the lesson for the experimental group that studied according to the generative learning strategy was better than the control group that studied according to the established method.

Sports administrative development is closely linked to the knowledge accumulation possessed by the leaders of the sports movement, and the best way to acquire and increase knowledge accumulation is to use the best administrative methods that are in line with the requirements of the era in quickly obtaining information from its various sources. Knowledge management is one of the latest and best of these administrative methods that contribute to raising the knowledge stock of the leaders of the sports movement and thus raising their level of competence in advancing the management of sports activity and raising it to the level of ambition at the local and international levels. From the above, the importance of the research lies in building a knowledge management scale for the heads of the sub-sports federations in Iraq, as the research problem was represented in the lack of a knowledge management scale for the sub-sports federations in Iraq, and the aim of the study was to build a knowledge management scale for the sub-sports federations from the point of view of their members. The researchers used the descriptive approach with the survey method because it is suitable for the nature of the research. As for the field research procedures, they included the steps of building the scale using factor analysis, and the most important conclusions of the research were to build a scale for sports knowledge management.

The researcher used the experimental method to suit the research problem and objectives. The research community included third-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Maysan for the academic year 2014-2015, numbering (50) students. The research sample was selected randomly from sections (B) and (C), numbering (40) students distributed into the experimental and control groups at a rate of (20) students for each group. The researcher used the skill performance evaluation form to evaluate the offensive basketball skills under study. After obtaining the data, it was processed using the SPSS statistical package and obtaining the results, from which the researcher reached the most important conclusions, including that skill interference exercises using the random method have a positive effect on learning some offensive basketball skills among third-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Maysan. The researcher recommends the following: Applying skill interference exercises using the random method in teaching basketball skills to third-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Keywords: skill interference, random method, offensive skills, basketball.

The research community included third-year students in the Department of Physical Education at the Faculty of Education - Soran University, numbering (63) students for the academic year 2014-2015. The research sample was chosen randomly and amounted to (30) students. The research tools were the temperamental patterns scale prepared by Muhammad Hassan Alawi and the handball handling and shooting test from the shoulder level. After obtaining the information and processing it with the statistical package SPSS, the researcher reached the most important conclusions, including the absence of a significant correlation between the dimensions of the temperamental patterns scale and the skill of handling, and the existence of a significant correlation between the dimensions of the excitement factor and personal flexibility and the skill of shooting handball. As for the most important recommendations, the researcher recommends the necessity of conducting similar research on the dimensions of the scale with other skills and for different age groups.

Plyometric exercises are one of the strength training methods that can be used in a wide range to develop muscle reactions, which inevitably lead to the production of various sports movements that can be used in the field, especially in the field of sports training related to the development of special strength for various sports, including the effectiveness of hammer throw. The training methods used work to develop the physical and skill level through the plyometric training method, which is an important means of developing explosive strength and speed-specific strength and works to involve many muscle groups that serve this skill. Hence, the research aims to prepare plyometric exercises and know the extent of their impact on developing explosive strength and speed-specific strength and achieving hammer throw. The researchers used the experimental method and the single-group design. The study was conducted on a deliberate sample consisting of (8) players from the University of Diyala track and field team in hammer throw. The medicine ball throw test, the standing long jump test, and the achievement test were used. The program was applied for (8) weeks, with two (2) units per week, for (40) minutes in each unit. The tests were conducted and data were collected from the research sample before starting the training program. The tests were re-conducted two months after the training program was given, represented by the post-tests. The ready-made program (SPSS) was used to conduct statistical treatments. The results showed significant differences between the pre- and post-tests, in favor of the post-test in the tests used in the research. The researchers concluded that plyometric training contributed to stimulating the working muscles, which contributed to developing the explosive strength, speed-specific strength, and digital level of the research sample.

Handball depends primarily on mastering the basic individual skills of the game well through skill preparation, which is one of the most important aspects of handball sports preparation. Given the difference between coaches in choosing methods and techniques or relying on traditional methods in developing basic skills, sometimes we see that players perform motor skills well during training, but after a while we notice a noticeable fluctuation in their performance level. Perhaps one of the most important reasons is not choosing the appropriate method and style or that the choice did not match the level and ability of the players. All of this prompted the researcher to conduct the research by using the sequential and random methods in developing the performance of the most important basic defensive handball skills for youth during the training program prepared for the purpose of knowing the most appropriate method and style in teaching this skill. The research aims to:

1- Identify the effect of the training method using the random and sequential training method in developing the performance of some basic defensive handball skills for youth.

2- Identify the performance of some basic defensive handball skills for youth.

3- Identify the most appropriate training in developing the performance of some basic defensive handball skills for youth.

The researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research problem, and the research community was determined by the young handball players in Al-Qasim Club, numbering (28), as the research sample was chosen randomly by a simple method with a number of (20) and then divided into two groups (first experimental, second experimental), and the researcher conducted the exploratory experiment for the tests and then extracted the scientific foundations of the tests, and the data were processed through appropriate statistical means including (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, (t) test, correlation coefficient, mode and skewness) and his most important conclusions were:

1- The training curriculum prepared according to the methods used in the research has a positive and effective impact in developing some defensive handball skills for young people.

2- There is an advantage for the second experimental group that used random exercise in developing some defensive handball skills for young people.

3- The learning methods used increased the excitement and enthusiasm of the players and that the diversification and change in the use of exercises contributed to the development process.

The research focused on the status of indoor soccer in the world and the developments achieved in the field of learning this game and the new methods and other sciences that were associated with the educational process. Through this, the importance of the research came in using coordination exercises in the style of play and knowing the extent of their effectiveness in learning the basic skills under study.

As for the second chapter, this chapter contained the research methodology and its field procedures, as the researchers used the experimental method and followed the design of a single group with two pre- and post-tests. As for the research sample, it was from the players of the University of Diyala and the sample was chosen intentionally.

The results were presented and analyzed that the researchers reached through tables and figures, and then the researchers discussed them.

As for the most important conclusions, they are: coordination exercises have a positive effect on the process of developing some basic skills in soccer.

Using exercises in the style of play has a positive effect on developing basic skills in indoor soccer.