JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES

The study aimed to:

Nominate skill tests for a number of basic basketball skills.

Reach the discriminant function for skill tests for a number of basic skills for distinguished and non-distinguished young basketball players.

The study assumed:

There is a distinction between distinguished and non-distinguished young basketball players for skill tests for a number of basic skills for young basketball players.

The research community included young basketball players in the northern region basketball clubs, which are (Mosul, Al-Ummal, Al-Futowa, Al-Mustaqbal Al-Mushriq, Sulaymaniyah, Akd and Sanharib) clubs, numbering (96) and approved by the Iraqi Central Basketball Federation, while the research sample numbered (82) players.

The research problem is that none of the researchers or trainers paid attention to the importance of special strength training for the legs without involving body mass (absolute strength) or involving body mass (relative strength) in particular when applying strength training with skill performance, and what is the role of the maximum strength of the leg muscles, for example, in dealing with the weight of the body as a whole while performing any skill that requires propulsion and flight, such as the long jump skill, so the researchers considered this issue a scientific problem that they wanted to research and address to contribute to clarifying the importance of understanding relative and absolute strength and how to train them and their role in achieving achievement. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of absolute and relative muscle strength training for the leg muscles on the necessary launch variables for the long jump for youth at Bani Saad Sports Club. It also aims to identify the effect of relative muscle strength for the legs on the level of achievement in the long jump. As for the research hypothesis, there were statistically significant differences in the launch variables for the research sample between the pre- and post-tests of the two research groups, as well as differences between the pre- and post-tests in the achievement of the two research groups.

tjlt ahmyt albhth fy terf tathyr tnawl nbat alhsk (Tribulusterrestris) fy bed almwshrat albywkymyayyt llrbaeyn alshbab .'ima mshklt albhth tblwrt fy ayjad wsylt msaedt lzyadt alqwt aledlyt lda laeby rfe al'ithqal why astkhdam alnbatat altbyt kbdyl feal llmnshtat alsnaeyt , wmerft mda tathyr tnawl nbat alhsk (Tribulus terrestris)fy bed almwshrat albywkymyayyt llrbaeyn alshbab, 'ima ahdaf albhth fkant terf tathyr tnawl nbat alhsk (Tribulus terrestris) fy bed almwshrat albywkymyayyt llrbaeyn alshbab, wterf alnsbt almmkn astkhdamha lnbat alhsk (Tribulus terrestris)lafrad eynt albhth wfqa lwzn aljsm, waftrd albahth ann hnak frwqaan dhat dlalt 'ihsayyt fy bed almwshrat albywkymyayyt llrbaeyn alshbab, wastkhdm albahth almnhj altjryby ela eynt tkwnt mn rbaey nady dyala alryady fyt alshbab eddhm(5) rbaeyn yshklwn(5) fyat wznyt why (62, 69, 77 , 85, 94). adh akhtyrt baltryqt alemdyt watbe albahth tsmym almjmwet alwahdt dhat alakhtbar alqbly walbedy, fdla en alntayj wthlylha wmnaqshtha lakhtbarat almwshrat albywkymyayyt llakhtbarat alqblyt walbedyt w'iyjad dlalt alfrwq wdhlk berdha ela shkl jdwl thm qam albahth bthlyl dhlk aljdwl wmnaqsht alntayj bastkhdam akhtbar wlkwksn, wan ahm alasttntajat edm smyt alnbat end tnawl mn qbl alrbaeyn, wlwhz zyadt fy aljhaz almnaey end tnawl nbat alhsk (Tribulus terrestris) mn qbl alrbaeyn ldha ywsy albahthyn b'ijra' drasat akhra ela mstwa alayd alkymyayy dakhl aljsm wdrasth ela alhrmwnat, ezl almrkbat alakhra fy alnbat wtshkhysha.
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The importance of the research was evident in identifying the effect of eating the Tribulus terrestris plant on some biochemical indicators of young lifters. The research problem crystallized in finding a means to help increase muscle strength in weightlifters, which is to use medicinal plants as an effective alternative to artificial stimulants, and to know the extent of the effect of eating the Tribulus terrestris plant on some biochemical indicators of young lifters. The research objectives were to know the effect of eating the Tribulus terrestris plant on some biochemical indicators of young lifters, and to know the possible percentage of Tribulus terrestris plant for individuals in the research sample according to body weight. The researcher assumed that there were statistically significant differences in some biochemical indicators of young lifters. The researcher used the experimental method on a sample consisting of Diyala Sports Club lifters in the youth category, numbering (5) lifters forming (5) weight categories, which are (62, 69, 77, 85, 94). It was chosen intentionally and the researcher followed the design of the single group with the pre- and post-test, in addition to the results, analysis and discussion of the tests of biochemical indicators for the pre- and post-tests and finding the significance of the differences by presenting them in the form of a table. Then the researcher analyzed that table and discussed the results using the Wilcoxon test. The most important conclusions are the non-toxicity of the plant when consumed by the grazers, and an increase in the immune system was observed when the grazers consumed the thistle plant (Tribulus terrestris). Therefore, the researchers recommend conducting other studies at the level of chemical metabolism within the body and studying it on hormones, isolating other compounds in the plant and diagnosing them.

The idea of ​​the research is summarized in using modern and advanced laboratory and field methods and means to determine the research variables and find the relationships, connections and real values ​​for each indicator inside the body, as a set of questions were generated that require logical and accurate answers through this study, which examines the extent of the relationship between the rotational torque generated on the knee joint and the peak electrical activity of the muscles of the knee joint during different working angles, since the areas of imposing the load on the knee require the weightlifter to develop solutions and training programs that work to develop these stages.

The research included five chapters. The first chapter included the definition of the research, which included the introduction to the research and its importance, and then addressed the psychological pressures and their relationship to sports management among the presidents of sports clubs in Iraq. As well as the research problem. The second chapter addressed theoretical and similar studies, as it addressed the concept of psychological pressures, as well as sports management, decision-making, and types of management. The third chapter included the research methodology and its field procedures, as the researchers used the descriptive method using the survey method to suit it in solving the research problem. The community included (123) clubs representing the entire research community, while the research sample was (70) individuals representing (75%) of the total research community, who are the presidents of sports clubs in Iraq. The fourth chapter included the presentation, analysis, and discussion of the results of the research tests. The fourth chapter was reinforced with tables, and the most important results reached by the researchers were discussed. The fifth chapter included the conclusions and recommendations, as the researchers concluded that there is a significant relationship between psychological pressures and decision-making, meaning that psychological pressures had a significant impact on decision-making among the presidents of sports clubs in Iraq. The researchers recommended the necessity of taking into account the psychological aspect of administrators and seeking the help of those with experience and expertise to work in the administrative bodies of sports clubs.

hrough this study, we have tried to know the great role that recreational sports activities may play in achieving the psychological health of the physically disabled, and thus getting rid of the various psychological problems that the physically disabled are exposed to. Therefore, interest in practicing recreational sports activities has great importance for the psychology of the physically disabled in achieving his psychological health.

When we talk about the factors that determine the effectiveness of motor skills, one of the most important of these factors is sensory-motor perception and mental imagery, as studying these factors is the strongest variable controlling performance and learning, and there will be no improvement in performance without sensory-motor perception and mental imagery.

The importance of the research was determined in using the stationary bike as one of the training tools for runners and taking up space from the training units in a way that is compatible with them and does not conflict with the vocabulary of the training unit to be a contributing factor in developing some qualities for runners. The problem of the research lies in the lack of use of some different training for runners or tools that may add a new type of exercises that ultimately lead to the development of motor units and physical capabilities that are useful in certain stages of achievement. One of these means is the stationary bike. The aim of the research was to know the effect of using the stationary bike (ergometric) on the players of the College of Arts team in the (400) m running event. As for the research hypothesis, there were statistically significant differences between the two tests (pre- and post-test) in favor of the post-test. The research sample included (4) runners from the College of Arts students/University of Baghdad, for the (400) m event, for the academic year (2013/2014), and they represent the research community by (100%). The researchers used the arithmetic mean. Median, standard deviation, skewness coefficient, T-test for related samples. The researchers concluded that using stationary bike training accompanied by the main part exercises leads to the development of the achievement of the (400) m event for the runners of the College of Arts/University of Baghdad team. Among the recommendations is the use and diversification of training methods on a permanent basis and in different types.

It has been taken into account that the timing of the daily biological rhythm comes in line with the work of the trainers when setting the training units and in order to achieve an ideal level in the athletic achievement, it was important to schedule this rhythm which is part of the performance and that it is closely linked to the achievement provided by the player, and the research problem was determined in knowing the difference between the results of the indicators under investigation within the difference in the timing of the daily biological rhythm for both the morning and evening periods with the effect of the effort of oxygen endurance, and the research sample consisted of (6) male players from runners of a distance of (3000) m, and some functional and hormonal indicators were measured that the researcher believed to be of benefit expected from their results in improving the level of athletic achievement, and the researcher worked to fix the research variables surrounding the test, and the researcher used the appropriate statistical means to show the results of the research accurately.

The main characteristic of the game is the speed and accuracy factor in shooting, so the researchers found, through extensive follow-up of local and international matches, that the skill of long-range shooting that ends with three points is a decisive, important and powerful factor if used properly. The idea of ​​the research came to identify the most important factors that affect the skill of long-range shooting from jumping in basketball, as the Premier League basketball players who specialize in the three-point shot were relied upon. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach for a research sample of (15) players distributed among four clubs, and the force platform was used to extract the amount of force and instantaneous push, in addition to using the electromyography device. The research came out with several conclusions and recommendations explained in the text of the research.

The importance of the research is that it represents a scientific attempt to develop new skill exercises (cognitive - sensorimotor) and their impact on the development and technical performance of foil players. Which works to increase the players' abilities in training and motivate them to perform the skills they learn. This achieves the goals of the training units and brings the players to the required level. Some coaches did not pay much attention to skill exercises (cognitive - sensorimotor) and their importance in performing the attack and defense with foil, as most of the movements of this weapon that represent the entire fencing are the mutual response movements between the players. As a result of the lack of interest of some coaches in such exercises, it has directly affected the performance of these skills and the outcome of most matches in a negative way, especially in the decisive moments of them. The research community included the players of the Diyala national team in fencing with foil for the 2013 sports season, numbering (16) players. The skill exercises (cognitive - sensory - motor) have a positive effect on developing the technical performance of the response skill among the fencing players with foil and with a high rate of development. The experimental group achieved development in the technical performance of the response skill and with high rates.

One of the main objectives of the physical education lesson in the motor field is to learn and develop the basic motor skills of the assigned games. The researcher tried to benefit from the harmonic exercises in the circular method as an educational method in acquiring the skills of handling and shooting handball for middle school students. The researcher used the experimental method with a control and experimental group design on a sample of fourth-year middle school students. The researcher concluded that there was a positive effect of the harmonic exercises in the circular method in learning the skills under study and recommended using the method used in learning other skills and other games.