Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

This study involves analysis of multi-storied building to explain the behavior under seismic earthquake loading in two cases, (i.e. with or without base isolation system). The buildings of the same properties of five stories were analyzed consist of steel parts (beams and columns) with reinforced concrete slabs and isolated system supported provided by fixed or Nllink supports. The responses of building at each case are determined to evaluate the base isolation systems that used under static and dynamic (earthquake) loading. The analysis was done by used the finite elements procedure provided by SAP2000 version14 program. In this studied covers concept, Analysis, working and other aspects of using isolator or not with building and effect when using (isolator) in reduction translation, base shear and moment due to ability to dispersion the energy.From the analysis results it was found that when using rubber bearing pad to isolate the base building gives reduction the values of absolute maximum acceleration of basement in the isolated building by about 90% (i.e. decrease inertia forces)

The need to add value to wastes and the opening towards sustainability engineering, by the use of worn out materials as cement and aggregate replacement materials, both in mortars and concretes, with the purpose of promoting increased sustainability of building materials, were the grounds for this work that aims to produce a concrete mix with crushed glass residues.This paper examines the possibility of using crushed glass from glass bottles as a replacement by weight in fine aggregate for a new concrete. Natural sand is partially replaced (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) with crushed glass. Compressive strength, tensile strength (cubes and cylinders) and flexural strength up to 28 days of age are compared with those of concrete made with natural fine aggregates. Test results indicate that it is possible to manufacture concrete containing crushed glass with characteristics similar to those of natural sand aggregate concrete provided that the percentage of glass as fine aggregate is limited to 10-20% of sand weight.

In this paper, an integrated Traveling-Wave Amplifier (TWA) using Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) technology is proposed and carefully implemented. The classical structure of the five-stage amplifier is modified depending on the matrix form instead of the cascaded form with just one cell at each row of the matrix. This modification is shown to render the amplifier suitable for very large Gain-Bandwidth Product (GBP) operation in small on-chip area. Microwave office program simulation of the proposed design shows that it has excellent performance as compared to the conventional amplifiers with smaller area. The forward gain is 30dB with ±1dB flatness and 3dB bandwidth of about 30 GHz, which is the best results reported till now. The TWA is suitable for Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) and satellite applications. Keyword: Microelectronics, Traveling wave amplifier, MMIC.

There are many approaches that are used for controlling or enhanced the performance of the time delay systems, one of the most popular approaches is smith predictor method, but this approach may give bad performance or make the system unstable if the time delay become very long. Kaya and Atherton controller method is one of an effective method to solve this problem.In this paper, a simple controller approach is suggested with smith predictor in order to maintain the stability of the higher order plant in addition to improve the performance of the controlled system. This controller consist from two parts, the first part is PI_D controller, where the values of KP, KI, and KD are determine from the denominator equation of the reduce order plant mathematical equation. The second part (PD) is used to reject or reduce the effect of external disturbance. The second part is also used with Kaya and Atherton controller method to enhance the performance of this approach.

This paper presents an experimental study to investigate the behavior of piled raft system in different types of sandy soil. A small scale “prototype” model was tested in a sand box with load applied to the foundation through a compression jack and measured by means of a load cell. The settlement was measured at the raft by means of dial gauges, three strain gauges were attached on piles to measure the strains and to calculate the load carried by each pile in the group by the strain indicator. Nine configurations of pile groups (1x2, 1x3, 1x4, 2x2, 2x3, 2x4, 3x3, 3x4 and 4x4) were tested in the laboratory as a free standing pile group (the raft is not in contact with the soil) and as a piled raft (the raft is in contact with the soil), in addition to tests for a raft (unpiled) with different sizes. Three different densities of sand were used for some tests.It is found that the piles work as settlement reducers effectively when the number of piles is greater than (6) than when the number of piles is less than (6).

This paper discusses shear behavior of hybrid reinforced concrete beams that consist of two different concrete layers: the tension layer is made of normal strength concrete with compressive strength of 25 MPa and the compression layer is made of self-compacting concrete with two values for compressive strength of 25 and 50 MPa. These hybrid beams have been compared with corresponding homogenous beams made with one type of concrete to assess their structural behavior. Fifteen simply supported beams have been used and distributed into five groups to investigate the effect of some important variables on the shear strength for each group, (the concrete compressive strengths and the tensile steel ratio). The hybrid beams failed in shear in similar linear behavior to the homogenous beams and the results show that, the ultimate average shear strength of the hybrid beams with self compacting concrete having a compressive strength of 50 MPa [ BHY(50)] is higher than the normal beams by 5.2 % and lower than the self compacting concrete beams having a compressive strength of 50 MPa [BSC(50)] by 12 % , while the ultimate average shear strength of the hybrid beams with normal strength self compacting concrete BHY(25) give approximately close shear strength values of normal beams.

In this paper, a new mechanism is introduced and a control law is designed for the dynamic stability of ships. This accomplished based on the action of the inertia forces induced from the movement of unbalanced mass systems, where these forces are coupled to produce a torque that is determined by a designed control system to force the disturbed ship to its stable equilibrium state. The basic idea of this mechanism can be employed in attitude control of space-vehicles, antirollover systems in automobiles and other different applications.

The object of this research is to focus on bioaccumulation and biodegradation rate of hydrophobic, persistent pollutants namely PCBs in cows. A simple mathematical mass balance equation which represents the input and output streams of these persistent pollutants to a cow was developed. Samples were taken from rural agricultural farms in Abu-Greab in Baghdad. These samples were analyzed for input and output terms which represent vegetation, soil, concentrate, milk and feces to measure the concentration of PCBs in these samples. It was found that bioaccumulation and biodegradation rate of PCBs in cows is a bout 202.6 µg/d. and most of PCBs input the cow is by vegetation rather than concentrate or soil while PCBs input to the cow by air or water are very low values and can be neglected so as the PCBs out put the cow by urine and air. Also it was found that the output PCBs from the cow is about 62.5% by milk and 37.5% by feces.

This paper studies how to select a path with the minimum cost .the networks are characterized by limited computational and power source capabilities. Thus, it is necessary to provide an efficient method for producing routing decisions. Wireless networks do not have any fixed communication infrastructure. For an active connection the end host as well as the intermediate nodes can be mobile. In this work we have examined a wireless network and proposed a group of algorithms in order to find an optimal routing path with a low computational cost, using the special Structure of the connectivity graphs of wireless networks. Dijkstra and Bellman approach can be integrated with many one-to-many shortest path algorithms used in network optimization. The simulation results Show that the Advance Dijkstra Algorithm is the most efficient approach comparing with Bellman approach. The proposed algorithm helps to transport packets to their Destinations by keeping the data transfer power of nodes in the lowest level.

This paper presents a mathematical model which has been built to design a combined ejector-absorption refrigeration system, as well as another mathematical model built to design a conventional absorption refrigeration system. Both of these models use lithium Bromide-water as a working solution. The Engineering Equation Solver (EES) Software has been used to perform the mathematical analysis and the design. A comparison of the results for both of the absorption systems for a cooling capacity of (5 Ton) has been done at the same operation conditions, which was obtained from the simulation of the conventional absorption to optimize the system performance, represented by (40.41°C) condenser temperature, (9°C) evaporator temperature and (36.12°C) absorber temperature. But the generator temperature was different for both of the systems. The coefficient of performance obtained was (0.7871) for the conventional absorption refrigeration systems at the generator temperature of (81.94°C), while the value of coefficient of performance was (1.026) for the proposed absorption system at the generator temperature of (200.5°C) which is higher than the coefficient of performance for conventional absorption refrigeration system by about (30.35%) .

In this paper, flattened fibers based on step index single mode optical fiber have been modeled and designated considering the environmental temperature effect on the dispersion behavior of the fiber. The used model depends mainly on the thermal variation of the fiber core and cladding refractive index. Two materials have been used (Alumino-silicate and Vygor glass) as a core or cladding with a temperature-dependent refractive index over the range (-100ºC to +100ºC). The results show that the wavelength of zero total dispersion of the flattened fibers has a deviation of (0.215) nm/ºC.

In this research the behavior of reactive powder concrete short (RPC) columns with and without reinforcement was reported. Eight specimens of RPC short columns with reinforcing steel and without reinforcing steel are examined and compared with eight specimens of high strength reinforced concrete (HSC) short columns. The columns samples are divided into two groups. The dimensions of the first group are (100 *100* 400) mm and the dimensions of the second group are (70*70*400) mm. The lateral reinforcing steel, which are used in the reinforced concrete short columns, that are tied or spirally reinforced. Experimental data for strength, lateral and axial deformation, ductility and the failure mode were obtained for each test. The failure load of RPC short columns without reinforcing steel is more than the failure load of RPC short columns with reinforcing steel by about 1.222 time for the two groups. The failure mode of RPC short columns without reinforcing steel is shear failure, while the failure mode of RPC short columns with reinforcing steel is rupture of some ties. The carrying capacity of RPC columns with and without reinforcing steel as compared to corresponding HSC columns is about 3.6 and 4.4 times respectively

The railway network is considered one of the major stone in the economic skeleton in most countries. Herein, the user benefit was investigated when a new railway track is to be installed between Kirkuk and Sulymaniya cities in the north of Iraq. The operating costs of the new railway line are compared with the existing transportation modes that depend only on multilane highway between the two cities. The analysis was done using the related parameters that involved in the cost benefit procedures, beside that this project have the ability of joining Iran with Iraq and consequently joining the Iraqi railways. The results show that when the construction and other initial costs are added the economic evaluation is negative and results no user benefit, while in the real world there are impacts on the development of the society when such transportation projects are installed. This paper concluded that there is a great user benefit in the proposed project when the operating, accidents, time saving costs and the ecological effects are considered, with the excluding of the initial costs as in the case of the roadway construction.

In this experimental work the efforts was devote to study the effect of different amounts of total solids (TS) on the flow rate pattern and the coefficient of discharge in open channels and water treatment plant for ogee spillway, broad crested weir and crump weir. A total of ten experiments were done on each type of weir, the first experiment was of a tap water while the other nine had different values of TS varying from 620 to 1121 ppm. In each experiment eight values of discharges were taken. The results indicate that the discharge coefficient Cd varies with the value of the total solids TS. For viscous flow, at initial increasing of (TS), the value of Cd was greater than the corresponding value of the tap water. When the value of TS is greater than (600,750 &800) ppm, the values of Cd decrease with the continues increasing of TS for spillway, crump weir and broad crested weir respectively.

This paper presents the numerical study to simulate the behavior six specimens of two-way RC slab of normal strength concrete (NSC), high strength concrete (HSC) and light weight concrete (LWC) with two steel ratio of 0.005 and 0.002 under concentrated load. The finite element (FE) model is developed and the simulation environment is conducted using the commercial finite element program, ANSYS (9). The concrete material is modeled using solid elements that account for concrete cracks and other material nonlinearities. Link elements are used to model the internal steel reinforcement. The results of FE show good agreement with the experimental results.

Determining the geographic location of an Internet Protocol (IP) devices based on its IP addresses is a challenging matter because of wide network topologies and many protocols used to interconnect these devices. On the other hand, the Internet Protocol does not contain any geographic information; they contain routing information, therefore some geolocation techniques should be developed to solve this matter. Today, finding the geographic location of an IP address becomes more important for many applications like local aware applications and restricted content delivery based on IP location. This work presents the design and implementation of IP location determination system which has been developed using the network of Computer center of University of Baghdad. In this system, a network entity called a Location Information Server (LIS) is defined to exist within the access network used to provide location information to IP devices operating within the access network.

Present research includes studying the effect of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric + sulfuric acid solutions on the lightweight concrete. The lightweight concrete produced in two ways first by the use of lightweight aggregate and the second using foam. Also studied the effect of the use of silica fume with or without a supeplasticizer in the ultra-lightweight concrete on the resistance to acids solution. The author proposed to use a new method to measure the effect of acid on the concrete in addition to the traditional way, as has been proposed the introduction of hammer test to measure the resistance of hardened concrete. The study has produced important conclusions about the effect of acid on the light-weight concrete with or without additives. Although the use of silica fume increases the resistance of concrete, it's not working always to increase its resistance to acids, but on the contrary may reduce resistance to acids, especially when mixed with superplasticizer.The averages percentage decreasing in compressive strength are 43.6%, 27.74, and 49.8 for lightweight concrete, and 41.22, 42.15, and 41.09 for foam concrete and 50%, 40%, and 58.07% for normal concrete under the effect of HCL, H2SO4, and HCl+H2SO4 solutions respectively. The study proved the efficiency of hammer method to estimate the resistance of concrete to acidic solution.

The Geographic information system (GIS) utilization in many fields of science and technology. One of these fields civil engineering has been used amount of information and systems to assist in the planning, modeling, design, implementation of Civil Engineering and activities. There are many GIS-based tools and applications-oriented civil engineering. And the proper use of these tools and applications required training in the theory of geographic information systems, technologies and implementation issues. And geographic information systems (GIS) using modern technology widely in the world, but the Iraqi civil engineer had no idea of the systems for the curriculum does not contain it, and this affects the level of use and confined to the research of graduate studies. From this point of view researcher by virtue of the adoption of the idea of specialization include civil engineering curricula of these techniques for use in the development of engineering projects. The study discussed several topics of the most important to identify the views of people with specialization on the extent of their knowledge of geographic information systems (GIS) and to identify the use of these systems and the extent to which Iraqi engineer them as study focused on the discussion of the interest and conviction of Engineers include the curriculum for learning and training on the applications of these systems.

This study deals with two kinds of organic polymers coagulant aids with Alum . They are polyacrylamide negative charge and Polyethylene glycol to remove water turbidity of water from the Tigris river to use it in various industrial project .The doses were (0.05 – 0.5 mg / l ) for polyacrylamide ( PAM ) , and (1 – 15 mg / l ) for Polyethylene glycol ( PEG), to be added to different doses of alum about (4 – 36 mg / l ) . As for the initial turbidities of raw water ( 100, 220, 400 ) NTU . The mixture of PAM and Alum was better in removing turbidity in all the levels of initial turbidity of raw water than Alum alone and the mixture of PEG and Alum , except in the turbidity level 220 NTU , PEG was a little better than the mixture of PAM and Alum . The mixture of PEG and Alum was better removal turbidity than Alum alone at (100,220) NTU and less at (400) NTU. The mixture of PAM and Alum has formed clear big flocks which can be removed easily, while using a mixture of PEG and Alum or using Alum alone will not form such flocks. The optimum amounts of PAM ( 0.05 - 0.275 mg/ l ) and for PEG ( 1- 8 mg / l ) when they are added to Alum at the best amount of ( 20 mg / l )...

For importance of concrete in building and constraction , This paper studies singly reinforced rectangular beam design produced of high strength concrete and compared with ordinary concrete with (doubly reinforcement ). For range of concrete strength (25-100) N/mm2 .The ultimate strength design method is used in the beam design . It is found that higher strength concrete requires 68.36% reduction in reinforcing steel compared with the lower strength concrete under the same load . also , for the higher strength concrete beams smaller size (222% for width and 79% for depth ) are necessary to resist the same bending moment. A major aim of this work is by using higher strength concrete in flexure, large space can be obtained ,as well as smaller member size. This would result in reduce gravity load to be transmitted to the foundations and economy in construction.