Journal of University of Babylon

In general, cyber-physical systems (also known as CPS) consist of networked components that allow for remote access, monitoring, and examination. Because they were integrated into an unsecured network, they have been the target of multiple cyberattacks. In the event that there was a breach in internet security, an adversary would be able to damage the system, which may have devastating effects. Thus, it is extremely important to maintain the credibility of the CPS. It is becoming increasingly difficult to identify assaults on computerised policing systems (CPSs) as these systems become more of a target for hackers and cyberthreats. It is feasible that Machine Learning (ML) as well as Artificial Intelligence (AI), may also make it the finest of times. Both of these outcomes are plausible. Technology based on artificial intelligence (AI) can play a role in the growth and success of a wide range of different types of enterprises in a variety of different ways. The goal of this type of data analysis is to avoid CPS assaults using machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques. A new framework was offered for the detection of cyberattacks, which makes use of machine learning and artificial intelligence (ML). the process of cleaning up the data in the CPS database is starting by performing normalisation in order to get rid of errors and duplicates. This is done so that the data is consistent throughout. Linear Discriminant Analysis is the method that is used to get the features, and it is known as that (LDA). As a mechanism for the identification of cyberattacks, The suggested used process was the SFL-HMM process in conjunction with the HMS-ACO procedure. The new strategy is evaluated using a MATLAB simulation, and the metrics obtained from that simulation are compared to the metrics received from the earlier methods. The framework is shown to be substantially more effective than traditional techniques in the upkeep of high degrees of privacy, as demonstrated by the outcomes of a number of separate investigations. In addition, in terms of detection rate, false positive rate, and computation time, respectively, the framework beats traditional detection methods.

The rapid development of mobile technologies such as 4G and 5G and wireless networks lead to more research to employ a new range of frequencies, along with the necessity of reducing size and power consumption, moreover, it focuses on flexible antennas that can be used in a wide range of applications. This research investigates antenna design with three feeding methods (microstrip line feed, proximity coupled feed, and aperture coupled feed) and finds out the best feeding method. In the proposed design, a Rogers RT/duroid™ 5880 is used as a substrate, and all of the proposed designs were simulated via computer simulation technology (CST) software simulations. The antenna is supposed to operate at frequencies of 6 and 28 GHz. As a radiative element, a rectangular copper patch is used, and the ground is made of copper. The antenna main parameters like gain, directivity, radiation efficiency and VSWR were investigated.

Countries generate vast numbers of plastic boxes waste used to hold fruits and vegetables. When the waste resulting from this type of plastic is discarded, it threatens the environment. This work studied the utilization of this type of waste to produce green cementitious materials. The influence of Plastic Boxes Waste (PBW) on the characteristics of mortar is presented. The PBW was utilized as particles which was used as a replacement for fine aggregate. In addition to the reference mixture, ten mixtures containing different volumetric percentages of PBW particles as replacement of sand volume (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90-100%) were prepared. The effect of PBW particles on the mortar properties were evaluated by measuring slump flow, density, compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths. The results show that there is a possibility of producing cement mortar containing high quantity of PBW, resulting in lightweight and ultra-lightweight mortar with a density less than 1200 kg/m3. Additionally, the possibility of producing normal weight concrete mortar having a strength of 20 MPa using waste plastic boxes (PBW) particles is well established with a substitution ratio of up to 20%, and obtaining light weight concrete mortar having a strength of about 10 MPa using PBW particles with a substitution ratio of 60%.

This study looks at how soil chemical characteristics are affected by the magnetization of saline irrigation water from Almasab Alam. The dirt was gathered from the research location and put into pots that were completely identical to one another. Onion plants were sown in the soil, with three replications done for each case to determine the average results. Different types of irrigation water were used to irrigate the anvils. Seven different methods of testing the irrigation water were used, including irrigating with river water, irrigating with salty Almasab Alam drainage water without magnetization, and irrigating with magnetized Almasab Alam water with intensities (7000, 5000, 3000, 2000, and 1000) gauss. The highest decrease of the three important elements that nourish the plant: netrate, phosfate, and potasum, was found in the case of irrigation with magnetized water with an intensity of 3000 gauss. The highest percentage decrease in all chemical properties occurred when using magnetized water with strength of 3000 gauss.Utilizing magnetic technology, provides appropriate water for irrigating crops by Almasab Alam water, and overcoming the investigation location's water scarcity.

Humans need to keep on the clean environment in order to refine suitable life for the next generators. Where, the different industries formed by human, cause the environmental pollution by landfill with wastes produced from it and cause the consumption of fresh raw materials. One of these industries, is gypsum plaster industry. Where, a large amount of gypsum plaster waste is produced from different fields that use the gypsum plaster. Therefore, it is necessary to work on reduction of these wastes by reusing or recycling them with the least costs and procedures. This study aims to review the ways used to reduce gypsum waste amount and to figure ant the best among them. It can be concluded that the best ways to reduce the gypsum waste amount are by recycling it with the least costs or reusing it without any additional procedures.