DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES

Removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution through adsorption using flax seeds was studied. Adsorption parameters such as pH, adsorbent particle size, adsorbent dosages, and initial concentrations of metal ions were studied. All experiments were conducted at room temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied to describe the quantitative uptake of Cd(II) ions by adsorbent. The results show that the maximum adsorption removal reach to 77 % for Cd (II) onto flax seeds, at optimum operating conditions: pH of 5, particle size of 75μm, adsorbent dosage of 2 g/100 ml and metal concentration of 5 mg/L . The equilibrium adsorption data for Cd(II) were better fitted to Freundlich adsorption isotherm model than Langmuir. The study concludes that the use of flax seeds as an economic and locally adsorbent for removing Cd(II) from polluted solution is effective. Thus offering a low cost material show potential use it to remove heavy metals.

This study was involving the dispersion method of nano-materials replacement and the interaction with cement mortar behavior for many mortar samples under variable curing time ,with constant water to cement ratio (W/C=0.45).Some mechanical properties such as (compressive,flexural strength and hardness tests)was studied. Themain parametersare dependingon the small amount replacement ratio of nano-particle (ZrO2) with respect to the mass of the cement (OPC) type (I). Theaddition of nano-materialby replacementon the mixture of mortar includes (1, 2, 3,4and 5%) with constant W/C ratio and also the amount of the fine aggregate useis2.75 from the amount of cement.The results show that, the strength of the mortar that consist from colloidal nano materials give better properties than from both mortar with dry nano-materials replacement and without nano-materials in all test,But the nano-Zirconia materials give good properties up to 2%in all tests compared with control cement mortar.

Chemical machining (CHM) processes are one of the non-conventional machining processes the material removal occurs when the machined part contact with a strong chemical etchant solution. This study aiming to study the influences of machining time, machining temperature and the concentration of the used etchant solution on the weight removal of chemically machined titanium alloy, in this study two different etchant concentration of mixture acids consist of hydrofluoric acid (HF) mixed with nitric acid (HNO3) in specific quantities are used, the first etchant concentration consist of (9 vol.% HF , 14 VOL.% HNO3 in 77 vol.% distilled water) the second concentration (12 vol.% HF, 16 vol.% HNO3 in 72 vol.% distilled water) to chemically machine eight specimens of (30 x 10 x 1) mm size by using four level of machining time (4, 6, 8 and 10) min and four level of machining temperature (35, 40, 45 and 50) ????°for both concentrations as a machining conditions. The results show that the weight removal increased with the increasing of the time, temperature and the concentration of the used etchant

The current paper aims to investigate the effect of steel tube thickness on the structural behavior of concrete composite beams with different steel tube sections. The experimental work of this study included a series of bending tests. The loading type used to study this effect onbending behavior of steel tubes was simply supported beam testedby two points load. Six composite beam specimens were performed and tested up to failure usingthree shapes of steel section (hexagonal, square and rectangular), every two specimens have the same shape of steel section. The type of shear connector was the headed stud for all specimens and toinvestigate the effect of thickness,this study used two thicknessesof steel tube sections of(2) mm and (3) mm.The tests showed improvement in the flexural behavior by increasing thickness of different steel section shapes, (50%) increasing in steel tube thickness led to increase the ultimate load by (32%-34%).The ultimate slip at the ultimate load, for each specimen, is decreased by increasing the thickness of steel tube, the range of decreasing is (3.55%-30.16%)

In recent years, modern technology in the construction of tunnels using tunnel-boring machines (TBM) is implemented in the practice of civil engineering in large cities which significantly reduces the harmful effects of tunnelingon the ground's surface. Construction of the tunnel becomes fundamental and the exploitation of underground space form part of the infrastructure to treat the growing problem of mass rapid transit in urban cities. The method of tunnel construction numerical modelingbased on the finite element method is used to evaluate of the ground movement induce tunnelingwhich is an essential matter to predict the settlement through construction and their effects on adjacent buildings. A method of surface settlement prediction is based on fielddata and results of construction phases numerical modeling. In this study, the prediction of the settlement caused by tunnelingby simulation model using numericalmethod (FEM), with Mohr-Coulomb. This method involves determinationof the following characteristics of displacement process: the distribution of displacements, the position of the point of the maximum settlement and the value of the maximum settlement, and strains in the trough. The developed method for calculation of the settlements and hebehaviorof stress a roundtunnel calculates and analysis the settlement during tunnel construction and compared with natural soil through various stages of construction of the tunnel. The results show the behaviorof stresses of the native soil and predication of surface settlement through stages of construction of tunnel using the tunnel boring machines(TBM).

The idea of using wireless sensor network (WSN) let’s as to upload multiple node’s data over one IP,to reduce the number of needed IP multiple nodes, it’s necessary to provide a backup sink for the data to let the sensors send their data via the link B when the link A is down.Therefore a web-portal has been designed with a debug terminal for the proposedIoT system to let us reconfigure the nodes and change the path of the wireless sensor network data. Two sink-nodes has been implemented for the proposed system, first one (A) for major data path that collected the data from sensors and uploads it to the web-portal and the second one (B) acts as a backup link for the data path.In the proposed system, we used the esp33 as a Wi-Fi connection for the wireless sensor network, and the NRF24 wireless transceiver module used to send the data from nodes to esp32

A delicate analysis of the naturalfrequencies and modeshapes of a cable stayed bridge is essential to the solutionof its dynamicresponsesdue to seismic, windand traffic loads. In this paper, a bridgewith geometry comparable to the QuincyBayviewBridgewas modelledin order to explore the significance of the three dimensionaland free vibration analysis. This paperprovidesa detail of the bridge and the equivalentcrosssection of the three-dimensional finiteelement modelimplicating cables, the bridgedeck and pylonsas wellas the boundaryconditions and free vibration analysis by Ansys15.0. The bridge was analyzed to free vibration to obtaine the natural frequency and mode shape. result of this paper present the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the bridge. The method of modelling cables is also studied. It is found that modelling cables as multi beam elements provides better results than using the traditional (and simpler) method of modeling them as single tensile elements

Although low mechanical properties of Acrylic resin, itis the most popular used substance as based denture materials. This drawback could be treated through adding reinforcing phase.In this work washing and non-washing banana peels as kind of natural fibers with different weight fractions,(5, 10, 15 and 20)% wt. and standard Acrylic, for compartion purpose,are used to prepare composite-specimens by modeling method on order to study possibility of reinforcing cold-curing acrylic resin by banana peels. Peels had been dried,crashed,and washed by distillation water before using in the work. Unwashed peels also used for comparing purpose. Hardness, impact, and tendsiletests were performed to evaluate the development in mechanical properties of the prepared composite.Generally the results showthat washed banana peels have more effective than that of un-washed peels,adding banana peels couldimprove hardness of compositeand hardnessincrease with increasing weight fraction of peels till specific value,(10)%wt.where highest hardness recorded,using high weight fraction of reinforcing phase could negatively effect into mechanical properties of composite,Also the results show that using banana fibers as reinforce phase, didin’t improve impact strength,fracture toughness, and modules of elasticity properties of acrylic.

The relatively low mechanical properties of pure copper at low and high temperature made it very limitedapplications. The mechanical properties of the copper can be improved by adding a small amount of elements such as Cr. This work consists of four CuCr alloy castings (0.3, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.5%) by using the stir castingmethod in an argon atmosphere.Then, the heat treatment was done for these alloys which included solution treatment and aging.Heat treatment was treated at 980 ° C for 1 hour, then water-quenching, followed by an aging treatment at 480 ° C for 2.4 and 6 hours. The Optical Microscopy and the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with (EDS) were used to study the microscopic structure of the produced alloys.The results showed that the mechanical properties of copper increased with increasing chromium content. The microstructure of the castings consist of the dendiriticstructure, columinar and segregation. It has been also indicated that after heat treatment and aging, the microstructure changed to fine grains and the clusters disappeared. XRD showed a α-Cu phase and a small amount of CrO2in microstructures. The highest value of hardness and the ultimate tensile were 101 Hv and 239.12 MPa, respectively. They were achieved at 1.5wt% addition of Cr at 480oC and 4hrs aging.

The main objective of this study is to reduce weight and to improve the mechanical properties of aircraft wing by using Hybrid materials known as fiber metal laminates (FMLs). They are new age of engineering materials, which consist of metal layers reinforced with fibers emerged by matrix phase. In this study, seven layers were used to produce the FMLs, which are consist of aluminum alloy2024-T3 reinforced by carbon and glass fibers bonded with using blend of graphite-polyesteras adhesion. The Carbon Glass Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (CAGRALLs) is used as FMLs. The results show that the CAGRALLs give better in mechanical properties because of increasing in tensile strength, yield strength, , elastic modulus, elongation at fracture, flexural modulus and impact toughness except flexural strength by comparing with FMLs by using commercial epoxy as adhesion for other researchers. The increasing in layers is led to weaken adhesion force between layers of FMLs that led to decrease almost mechanical properties. The FMLs has good mechanical properties by using carbon and glass fiber by comparing with carbon and jute fibers. The CAGRALLs have the higher numbers of cycles at failure under cyclic loadings than Aramid Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (ARALLs). The CAGRALLs have the lower density by comparing with aluminum alloy 2024-T3 and steel that used in manufacturing of aircraft wing

Architectural studies differed about the concept of power in architecture according to the type of authority and the intellectual and theoretical orientations of these studies. Authority is one of the key factors influencing the formation of the identity of architecture.The building has its image or the effective way in the formation of its distinctive civilization structure, hence the purpose of the serachstudy the relationship (political power architecture), and study the potential of power and its impact on the architectural image. Here, the problem of research can be determined by (the lack of clarity of the comprehensive conceptual perception of the political and material capabilities of authority in building the architectural image). In the research problem, deals with a comprehensive conceptual framework which hasconstructed by addressing a series of studies, researches and international experiences that have reflected the influence of political authority on building the image of architecture, and thus adopting the vocabulary derived from the theoretical framework in analyzing a number of international and Arab's projects that reflect the effective role of authority in building and shaping the architectural identity of those buildings in particular and their reflection on the city in general. The results of this application and conclusions haveanalyzed, which showed the intentionally effect of political authority on the general taste of the governed group, through the conscious imitation of the vocabulary, forms and relationships of the physical image used by the ruling authority as models of economic power and dominance. The results have showed this effect unconsciously which lead to the production of replicable models in different places or models.It has counted as symbols for a specific period of time and then turn into national symbols that form the starting point of an architectural identity that symbolizes this era

Architecture is a language, and this means that we understand each phrase in a language or text in it, which is built in our architecture. Texts have richness and complexity, and the openness of the architectural text ahead of the act of interpretation, lead to social interaction.Where the text reads in terms of reference, structure, and philosophical vision, and its variables, and comparing it with kinetic architecture as a product of the relationship between human behavior and kinetic waves which have considered a real revolution in architectural thought, where has changed the path of the architecture, where it changed the path of the architecture that hasseen from the perspective of persistence and physical and formal stability on the ground to the perspective of movement, dynamism and the formal and positional changes of the building. The role of the process (time) has a significant impact on the kinetic architecture through which the movement can be, and it is an essential element of the movement's principles and conditions in its contemporary architectural formations.So the research aims to statement of the relationship of the text of the concepts of the text to the concepts of the system of human actions in being and its content becoming and process, against the system of architectural acts in the components of the text (reference structure, and philosophical vision), and reflect this relationship on kinetic architecture as a contemporary architectural formation to know its relationship with the text and its components.