Ibn Al-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences

The efficient sequencing techniques have significantly increased the number of genomes
that are now available, including the Crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 genome. The
genome-scale metabolic pathways in Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 were predicted by
implementing the “Pathway Tools” software using MetaCyc database as reference knowledge
base. A Pathway/Genome Data Base (PGDB) specific for Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 was
created. A curation approach was carried out regarding all the amino acids biosynthetic
pathways. Experimental literatures as well as homology-, orthology- and context-based
protein function prediction methods were followed for the curation process. The
“PathoLogic” component of the “Pathway Tools” programme was able to predict many amino
acid biosynthetic metabolic pathways. The total number of the metabolic pathways was
modified to 168 pathways by adding extra pathways that have not been detected by the
“PathoLogic”. Amino acid biosynthetic pathways such as alpha-aminoadipic acid (AAA)
pathway of Lysine biosynthesis and Alanine biosynthesis as well as the super-pathway of
Phenylalanine, Tyrosine and Tryptophan biosynthesis variation II were added to the
Pathway/Genome data base of Sulfolobus solfataricus P2. Discovery of the missing enzymes
that have to fill in the metabolic holes in the pathways under study was the main curation task.
This approach and the curated amino acid biosynthetic pathways in the PGDB of Sulfolobus
solfataricus P2 can be used for genomic annotations and metabolic pathway reconstructions
of closely related Bacteria and Archaea.

In this paper, we calculate the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) and transport
parameters including the electron mean energy, mobility, drift velocity and diffusion
coefficient for the gas mixtures of the H2 and N2 using the EEDF program. It is concentrated
on the effect of assorted concentrations of the mixtures on the EEDF and the electron
transport coefficients. The work exhibits the variation amongst the different mixtures on the
EEDF and the transport parameter. The results are graphically offered and discussed. In this
concept, it is shown that for each mixture has a specific impact on EEDF and the transport
parameter. The important of this study comes from the usage of these mixtures in DC (direct
current) glow discharge. These results are salutary to detect the best gas mixtures to reach
proper transport parameters

Natural bentonite (B) mineral clay was modified by anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and characterized using different techniques such as: FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The bentonite and modified bentonite were used as adsorbents for the adsorption of methyl violet (MV) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption study was carried out at different conditions such as: contact time, pH value and adsorbent weight. The adsorption kinetic described by pseudo– first order and pseudo – second order equilibrium experimental data described by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The thermodynamic parameters standard free energy (ΔG°), standard entropy (ΔS°) standard enthalpy (ΔH°) were investigated and determined.

A spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of some drugs containing amino group such as mesalazine, metoclopramide and dopamine in pharmaceutical formulations. It was simple, precise, accurate, rapid, and based on the oxidation of each drug with chromate as an oxidizing agent in the presence of 1N hydrochloric acid. Then indigo carmine is reacted with residual chromate in the presence of a catalysis factor (sodium oxalate). Increasing in absorbance's value of the color system is proportional to the amount of the three drugs which is measured at the selected wavelength of 610 nm.
The proposed method is obeying Beer's law in the ranges of (1-40, 2-44 and 2-52) ppm for the concentration of mesalazine, metoclopramide and dopamine respectively. Molar absorptivity was 0.191×104, 0.449×104 and 0.191×104 L.mol-1.cm-1 mesalazine, metoclopramide and dopamine respectively. While, Sandell's sensitivity index of 0.0806, 0.0667 and 0.0806 μg.cm-2 mesalazine, metoclopramide and dopamine respectively.
The proposed spectrophotometric method has a good recovery when it is applied for the determination of the three drugs in pure form and pharmaceutical doses.

A reliable differential pulse polarographic (DPP) method has been developed and applied for the
determination of ibuprofen IBU in dosage form with dropping mercury electrode (DME) versus Ag/AgCl.
The best peak was found at cathodic peak of -1.18 V in phosphate buffer at pH=4 and 0.025M of KNO3
as supporting electrolyte. In order to obtaine the highest sensitivity, instrumental and experimental
parameters were examined including the type and concentration of supporting electrolyte, pH of buffer
solution, pulse amplitude and voltage step time. Diffusion current showed a direct linear relationship to
ibuprofen concentration in the range of (5 – 30) μg. mL-1 (2.43× 10-5 – 1.45 × 10-4 mol·L–1) with
correlation coefficient r= 0.9999, detection limit (S/N = 3) =3.40 μg. mL-1 (1.65 × 10-5 mol·L–1) and the
value of precision in terms of relative standard deviation RSD%, ranged between 0.374-0.5176 %. The
established DPP method offers an excellent analytical figure of merits as well as its successful
applicability to examine two commercial drug forms (tablet and suspension) for the determination of
ibuprofen.

A sensitive and environmentally benign spectrometric method was developed for quantifying Meprobamate (MEP). The analyzed MEP was derivatized into a colored complex and determined spectrometrically. The colorimetric analytical parameters were optimized and validated. Low limit of detection (LOD) was achieved down to 1.88×10-6 mol/l while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was extended over the range of 1.97×10-6 - 1.35×10-3 mol/l. The high precision has been denoted by the 1.54% value of the coefficient of variation. The recovery was 96.07%, while the RSD (n=3) was 1.05 - 1.19%. The apparent molar absorptivity (Ɛ) obtained within 1154.7 - 1691.9 L.mol-1.cm-1. The outcomes have signified the high sensitivity of the technique. Furthermore, the avoidance of any traditional sample preparation steps prior to the analysis makes the method an excellent environmental approach. There were no analytical interferences with the common composites. The method has been successfully verified for the quantification of MEP content in bulk pharmaceutical matrix and can be applied to determine other environmentally toxic carbamates.

This paper deals with estimation of the reliability system in the stress- strength model of the shape parameter for the power distribution. The proposed approach has been including different estimations methods such as Maximum likelihood method, Shrinkage estimation methods, least square method and Moment method. Comparisons process had been carried out between the various employed estimation methods with using the mean square error criteria via Matlab software package.

In this paper, we study some cases of a common fixed point theorem for classes of firmly nonexpansive and generalized nonexpansive maps. In addition, we establish that the Picard-Mann iteration is faster than Noor iteration and we used Noor iteration to find the solution of delay differential equation.

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a well-known and important combinatorial
optimization problem. The goal is to find the shortest tour that visits each city in a given list
exactly once and then returns to the starting city. In this paper we exploit the TSP to evaluate
the minimum total cost (distance or time) for Iraqi cities. So two main methods are
investigated to solve this problem; these methods are; Dynamic Programming (DP) and
Branch and Bound Technique (BABT). For the BABT, more than one lower and upper
bounds are be derived to gain the best one. The results of BABT are completely identical to
DP, with less time for number of cities (n), 5 ≤ n ≤ 25. These results proof the efficiency of
BABT compared with some good heuristic methods. We are suggesting some additional
techniques to improve the computation time of BABT for n ≤ 80.

In this article, we study some properties of anti-fuzzy sub-semigroup, anti fuzzy left (right,
two sided) ideal, anti fuzzy ideal, anti fuzzy generalized bi-ideal, anti fuzzy interior ideals and
anti fuzzy two sided ideal of regular semigroup. Also, we characterized regular LA-semigroup
in terms of their anti fuzzy ideal.

We introduce in this paper the concept of approximaitly semi-prime submodules of unitary
left ????-module ???? over a commutative ring ???? with identity as a generalization of a prime
submodules and semi-prime submodules, also generalization of quasi-prime submodules and
approximaitly prime submodules. Various basic properties of an approximaitly semi-prime
submodules are discussed, where a proper submodule ???? of an ????-module ???? is called an
approximaitly semi-prime submodule of , if whenever ???????? ???? ∈ ????, where ???? ∈ ????, ???? ∈ ???? and
???? ∈ ????+, implies that ???????? ∈ ???? + ????????????(????). Furthermore the behaviors of approximaitly semiprime
submodule in some classes of modules are studied. On the other hand several
characterizations of this concept are introduced.

Let ???? be a commutative ring with identity. The aim of this paper is introduce the notion of
a pseudo primary-2-absorbing submodule as generalization of 2-absorbing submodule and a
pseudo-2-absorbing submodules. A proper submodule ???? of an ????-module ???? is called pseudo
primary-2-absorbing if whenever ???????????? ∈ ????, for ????, ???? ∈ ????, ???? ∈ ????, implies that either
???????? ∈ ???? − ????????????(????) + ????????????(????) or ???????? ∈ ???? − ????????????(????) + ????????????(????) or ???????????? ⊆ ???? + ????????????(????).
Many basic properties, examples and characterizations of these concepts are given.
Furthermore, characterizations of pseudo primary-2-absorbing submodules in some classes of
modules are introduced. Moreover, the behavior of a pseudo primary-2-absorbing submodule
under ????-homomorphism is studied.

In this paper, we study the peristaltic transport of incompressible Bingham plastic fluid in a
curved channel. The formulation of the problem is presented through, the regular perturbation
technique for small values of
1
????
is used to find the final expression of stream function. The
numerical solution of pressure rise per wave length is obtained through numerical integration
because its analytical solution is impossible. Also the trapping phenomenon is analyzed. The
effect of the variation of the physical parameters of the problem are discussed and illustrated
graphically.

In this paper, our aim is to solve analytically a nonlinear social epidemic model as an
initial value problem (IVP) of ordinary differential equations. The mathematical social
epidemic model under study is applied to alcohol consumption model in Spain. The economic
cost of alcohol consumption in Spain is affected by the amount of alcohol consumed. This
paper refers to the study of alcohol consumption using some analytical methods. Adomian
decomposition and variation iteration methods for solving alcohol consumption model have
used. Finally, a compression between the analytic solutions of the two used methods and the
previous actual values from 1997 to 2007 years is obtained using the absolute and relative
errors. The analysis results obtained have been discussed tabularly and graphically.

This paper consist some new generalizations of some definitions such: j-ω-closure
converge to a point, j-ω-closure directed toward a set, almost j-ω-converges to a set, almost
j-ω-cluster point, a set j-ω-H-closed relative, j-ω-closure continuous mappings, j-ω-weakly
continuous mappings, j-ω-compact mappings, j-ω-rigid a set, almost j-ω-closed mappings and
j-ω-perfect mappings. Also, we prove several results concerning it, where j {, δ,, pre, b,
}.

Ontology is a system for classifying human knowledge according to its objective
characteristics and hierarchical relations through building clusters or that bear common
characteristics. In digital environments, it is a mechanism that helps regulate a vast amount of
information by achieving a complete link between sub-thematic concepts and their main
assets. The purpose of this study is to survey the previously conducted studies that use
ontology in organizing digital data on social networking sites, such as the search engines
Yahoo, Google, and social networks as Facebook and their findings. Results have shown that
all these studies invest ontology for the purpose of organizing digital content data, especially
on the Internet sites.

A watermark is a pattern or image defined in a paper that seems as different shades of
light/darkness when viewed by the transmitted light which used for improving the robustness
and security. There are many ways to work Watermark, including the addition of an image or
text to the original image, but in this paper was proposed another type of watermark is add
curves, line or forms have been drawn by interpolation, which produces watermark difficult to
falsify and manipulate it. Our work suggests new techniques of watermark images which is
embedding Cubic-spline interpolation inside the image using Bit Plane Slicing. The Peak to
Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE) value is calculated so that the
quality of the original image before and after the data embedding is evaluated.