Mosul Journal of Nursing

Background and aim: oxidative stress is detrimental to semen quality and has a significant role in the etiology of male subfertility. This study aimed at examine the relationship between dietary intake of antioxidant (vitamins c, e, and selenium) with semen quality.
Materials and method: Dietary intake of antioxidants was compared between 35 men with oligolastheno/ teratazoospermic (cases) and 35 normospermic volunteers (controls) attending fertility clinic in al Batool Hospital in Mosul, Iraq. All participants were nonsmokers and matched according their age and Body Mass Index (BMI). Nutrient consumption was calculated using a semi- quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Semen samples were collected and were assessed by measuring volume, concentration, motility and morphology.
Results: infertile subjects had a significantly lower intake of Selenium compare to control ones (p<0.001). Dietary intake of vitamin C and E was lower than recommended values in 59.4% of case group that was significantly different from control ones (p<0.05). In the control group, 36.4 and 40.9% of participants had an insufficient dietary intake of vitamin C and E, respectively. Significant correlations were found between Vitamin E (r=0.5, p<0.001), Vitamin C (r=0.6, p<0.001) and percentage of motility and also between vitamin E and morphology (r=0.3, p=0.03), Selenium and concentration (r=0.4, p=0.004) in all participants.
Conclusion: In summary, a low intake of antioxidants, and vitamin E were related to poor sperm concentration and motility.

Background and aim: the study aims is to assess the level of performance among the scrub nurses concerning the surgical aseptic techniques at the operating room, describe the socio- demographic characteristics of the study sample, and to find out the relationship between the scrub performance and variables of some demographic characteristics such as (age, gender, level of education, marital status, and years of experience in operating room).
Materials and method: quantitative design, non - probability (purposive) sample of (70) male and female scrub nurses who worked at three teaching hospitals, which represent vital agencies in Slemani city (Iraqi Kurdistan rejoin), during the period of December 2009 up to the end of September 2010. Data were collected through two types of instruments (questionnaire and observational checklist); the researcher modified the study instrument to investigate the scrub nurses practices in the three teaching hospitals: It was based on extensive review of related literature and studies. The study instruments compressed of seven dimensions which include total of (91) items, the content validity of the instrument was established through penal of (20) experts. Reliability of the instrument was determined through the use of equivalence reliability, Inter- rater (Inter observer) approach, (r=0.91). Data were analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.
Results: the result of the study revealed that the most of the nurses are middle – aged, married female, with a low level of monthly income. The majority of the study sample is institute graduates and they have no long employment in operating room. Most of the study sample has poor skills in scrubbing practices. Furthermore, the study confirms that there is a significant relationship between the economic status and their practices.
Recommendations: based on the results of the study, the study recommended that job description have to be legislated to all nursing categories as one of job for better achievement and a periodic in service, educational program for operating room nurses and certified to identify the qualified ones. Further study should be carried out to be recommended to develop operating room work achievements

Background and aim: the purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence rates of several symptoms of sleep disorders in young children, and the relationship between symptoms of pediatric sleep disorders and other childhood problems.
Materials and method: a descriptive correlation study design , subjects consist of (600) pupils divided in to 310 male and 290 female, aged 6 to 12 years, The data were collected from 20 Kirkuk elementary schools during a period of five months extending from December, 4th , 2011 to May, 6th , 2012 . The data had been collected through the use of the developmental questionnaire and the interview technique with the family of pupils in the school. Reliability and validity of questionnaire were determined by performance of a pilot study. Data were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistics (percentage, ANOVA and mean) and inferential statistic analysis (correlation coefficient and chi-Square test). Children who rated as high risk for having sleep disorder displayed more sleep behaviour and waking during the night.
Results: It was found that (25%) of children were at high risk for having at least one type of sleep disorder.
Conclusions: High rates of sleep disorder symptoms were observed across all disorder categories, particularly in Excessive daytime sleepiness and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. This indicates that the symptoms of sleep disorders are already apparent even at sample (6 – 12) years old.

Background and aim: Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome usually characterized by episodes or paroxysms of pain or pressure in the anterior chest. The cause is insufficient coronary blood flow, resulting in a decreased oxygen supply when there is increased myocardial demand for oxygen in response to physical exertion or emotional stress. The aim of the study is to assess patient’s knowledge toward angina pectoris in Kirkuk city as well as to find out the relation ship between patients knowledge and some Socio- demographic characteristic such as age, gender and level of education
Materials and method: A descriptive study of a quantitative design were carried out at Kirkuk general hospital and Azady teaching hospital in Kirkuk city for angina patients from 1st of July, 2012, up to the 16th of April, 2013. A non probability (purposive) sample of (100) definitely diagnosed with angina pectoris. Selected from patients who were attended to Kirkuk general hospital and Azady teaching hospital. Developed questionnaire was constructed for the purpose of the study which consisted of three parts: the demographic data of the respondent, medical data and angina patients knowledge. The data were collected through the use of interview. They were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical data analysis.
Results: the findings of the study indicated that )(55%) of the samples were in age group (≥60)years, (53%) of them were female, (60%) of the sample were illiterate, (30%) of them were jobless, (68%) of the sample were married, (72%) of the sample had barely sufficient monthly income. Regarding the medical data, the result shows that (81%) of the samples has ( ≤ 5) years duration of the diseases, (70%) of them had no family history of angina, (56%) of them has no working hours, (62%) of the sample had no history of smoking and (40%) of them were over weight.
Conclusions: The study concluded that most of the samples have inadequate knowledge about the etiology of angina, most of the samples have adequate knowledge about the risk factors of angina, most of the samples have adequate knowledge about the Clinical manifestation of angina, most of the them have adequate knowledge about the medical treatment of angina and most of them had inadequate knowledge about the invasive treatment of angina.
Recommendations: The study recommended that the necessity of educational programs should be designed to increase people knowledge about etiology, signs and symptom and treatment of angina pectoris and Providing scientific booklet, publication and journal about angina.

Background and objectives: The discovery of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) in the late 1990\'s added a new dimension to quinolone resistance. During the last years, the occurrence of extended-spectrum-β-lactameses (ESBLs) and (PMQR) within coliforms group has gained particular attention. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes in ESBL-producing coliforms
Materials and method: One hundred and seventy three clinical samples collected from both gender , (110) from urinary tract infections ( UTIs ), and (63) from patients with diabetic foot infections ( DFIs ) who visited or admitted to AL- Salam General Teaching Hospital and AL- Wafa’a center for diabetic patients in Mosul city of Ninavah province / Iraq from April 2013 to February 2014.The isolates were identified to species level depended on morphological, biochemical and physiological tests and confirmed by RapIDTM ONE system (Remel \\ USA).
Results: The results showed the majority of them were resistant to most antibiotics. Resistance was observed most often to nalidixic acid (85.9%)followed by norfloxacin (70.5%) and ciprofloxacin (67%). All ciprofloxacin resistant isolates were tested for their ability to produce the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes using the double disk synergy test (DDST). Out of the total (57) ciprofloxacin resistant coliforms tested, (66.7%) were ESBL producers. Ciprofloxacin resistant coliforms species were conducted for PCR to investigate the presence of qnr genes. Out of (57) ciprofloxacin resistant spp. qnrB gene (469 bp) was detected in 14(24.6%) spp. while none of the species had qnrA and qnrS genes in our study. The results also revealed that qnrB gene was found in all (100%) of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae spp.

Background and objectives: Biofilms have a major medical significance as they decrease susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. The decreased susceptibility to microbial agents within a biofilm arises from multiple factors, including physical impairment of diffusion of antimicrobial agents, reduced bacterial growth rates, and local alterations of the microor-ganisms (M.O) that may impair activity of the antimicrobial agent. The aim of the study was to investigate the biofilm formation among coliforms and study the relationship between biofilm formation and the presence of fimH and mrkD genes among E. coli and K. pneumonia isolates respectively .
Materials and method: One hundred and seventy three clinical samples were collected from both gender who visited or admitted to AL- Salam General Teaching Hospital and AL- Wafa’a center for diabetic patients in Mosul city from April 2013 to February 2014, (110) urine samples from patients suffering from urinary tract infections (UTIs) and (63 ) from patients with diabetic foot infections (DFIs). All samples were cultured on selective media as MacConkey and blood agar aerobically. Coliform isolates are identified to species level depending on biochemical and physiological tests and using Rapid ™ ONE panel kit to be conformed to the diagnosis. The ability of coliforms spp. for biofilm formation was assessed using qualitative and quantitative assay. The Congo red agar (CRA) method was used in the qualitative biofilm assay.
Results: Out of (85) bacterial spp. , 44(51.8%) species were biofilm producers. The tissue culture plate (TCP) method was used in the quantitative biofilm formation assay. The results showed that 46(54.1%) spp. produced biofilm strongly. All biofilm producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae spp. which gives strong biofilm formation by CRA method and non-biofilm producer spp. were subjected to PCR for determining the relation between biofilm formation and the presence of fimH gene in E. coli isolates and mrkD gene in K. pneumoniae isolates. The results revealed that all biofilm producing E. coli 15(100%) isolated from UTI samples were positive for fimH gene. While all biofilm producing K. pneumoniae 9(100%) and 5(100%) isolated from UTIs and DFIs respectively were positive for mrkD gene.

Background and aim: Gastritis (inflammation of the gastric or stomach mucosa) is a common GI problem. Gastritis may be acute, lasting several hours to a few days, or chronic, resulting from repeated exposure to irritating agents or recurring episodes of acute gastritis). The aim of the study to assessment of patient Knowledge regarding gastritis at General Kirkuk Hospital in Kirkuk city.
Materials and method: descriptive study was carried out on gastritis patients at General Kirkuk hospital in Kirkuk city from the beginning from (10th of June 2013 to5th May 2014) in order to assess knowledge concerning gastritis ,non- probability sampling convenience sample of (50) patients .The data was collected through the application of constructed questionnaire with consist of three parts and were used (SPSS). The Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical the frequencies (F), percentage (%), and mean of score.
Results : (74%) of the samples (35>) years old, (76%) of them were male, (54%) of the samples were illiterate, (62%) of them were house wife, (88%) of the samples were married, 40%) of them were (4-6) Working hour per day , 32%) of them have history of hypertension,(72%) of the sample had no family history of gastritis, (66%) of them no smoker, (78%) of them had continuous stress.
Conclusion: type of the patients gender the highest age that having gastritis is (female), almost highest rate of the sample revealed illiterate of the patient. Majority of the sample show housewife occupational of patient. Almost majority of the sample showed that most of patient was married, The highest rate of patient who having gastritis was complain from chronic disease. The majority of samples were having continuous stress, The highest rate of patient was having good knowledge about medical treatment instruct the people about avoiding taking any medication without physician order.
Recommendation: Advice the people to take healthy diet and avoid irritant food, and decrease stress.

Background and objective: Child abuse is most often due to the problems besetting families, which can elevate the risks to children. These problems are complex and interconnected, and require coordinated, holistic responses. Child abuse and neglect has begun to demonstrate linkages between maltreatment and long-term adverse effects and other social problems. The purpose of this study was to assess the Primary School Teacher Knowledge’s Regarding Child Abuse In Kirkuk City\\" and find out the relationship between Teacher Knowledge’s and some socio-demographic characteristic
Material and Method: A descriptive study was carried out from July 2013 to April 2014. Data are collected through using the constructed questionnaire for the purpose of the study with the use of interview technique. Simple probability random sample of (100) science, manger and physical sport teachers is selected from (34) primary schools in Kirkuk city. A questionnaire is designed of (44) items for data collection, Data are analyzed through the application of the descriptive statistical analysis approach and inferential statistical approach. Frequencies, Percentage, men of score and chi-square.
Results: The findings of the study indicated that majority of the teachers were between age (40-49 ) years and constitute (44.0% ) , (54 .0%) from teachers were female ,(54.0% )were graduate from Institute and (82.0%) from them were married .
Conclusion: The result of the study find that overall depicts assessment are significant difference between teacher\\'s knowledge and their some demographic data.
Recommendations: The study recommended educational program should be designed to increase people knowledge and awareness about their child abuse. Striking up the center to solve the child\\'s problem. Providing scientific booklet, publication and journal about child abuse and Providing the special law to protect the child for abuses.