Mosul Journal of Nursing

Background and Aim- Blood Pressure Measurement (BPM) is considered a generic
skill required in nursing, by a range of health professionals, for effective health
assessment. The study aimed to assess nurses' techniques regarding correct way of
measurement of blood pressure.
Methods and Materials- A cross-sectional study was conducted on (241) nurses
obtained accidently from different wards or units in three teaching hospitals in Mosul
City/Iraq during a period "20th of novmber 2017 to 20th of January / 2018". The
instruments depended in the study was Global scale of World Health Organization
(WHO) that was developed to contain (19) items of two options (Don't do=0 ; Do=1).
Observational method was depended by the researchers to collect the data and fulfill
the scale while the nurse measured the patient's blood pressure.
Results- The study found that practice level of BP measuring was less than acceptable
(42.11%).
Conclusion and Recommendation- The study concluded that whenever, the patient's
complaint is critical, the nurse technique of BP measurement ameliorates. It
emphasizes on continuous education of all nurses regarding this nursing procedure to
check and validate the health status of the patients in order to reduce potential adverse
effect.

Background and Aim: Internal fixation is a surgical intervention in orthopedics that involves the surgical implementation of doing a manegments and repairing for bone, this concept starting in the mid of 19th century and was made a doable as routine surgical treatment in the mid of20th century , that operation may be made by special equpment like stainless steel or titanium, the study assessed outcome of internal fixation. Material and method: cross-sectional (descriptive) design, 110 patients were participate in this study which conducted at Al – Salam Hospital Teaching and Al- Jumhory Teaching Hospital from 10th December 2013 to 7th April 2014, The study tool composed of three parts; part one demographic characteristics of the patients including age, gender, residence, past history (family history, medical history) and economic status, Part Two; Fractures classification consist of five items; types of fractures location of fracture mechanism of trauma, duration of internal fixation and Part Three(Internal fixation outcome)consist of three items (complete healing without complication, failure of internal fixation, delayed definitive fixation). Results:80.9 of patients was suffering from complete fracture, Femur was the most commonly location of fracture which constitute 56.3% of patients, the majority of fractures were caused by blunt and motor vehicle collisions constitute 40.9% and 31.8% respectively. More than half of the patients were achieved internal fixation without complications while 43.8% of patients were suffered from joint stiffness more than one month post-operatively. Conclusion: rigged internal fixation lead to good healing therefore more than half of patients was completely healing with variation in time, while failure of internal fixation was about quarter of study sample caused by complication. Recommendation: Encourage to use internal fixation procedure less than 30 days after fractures and applying internal fixation for more than one year to avoid nonunion complication

Background: There is a relationship between oxidative stress and rheumatoid
arthritis.
Objective: To assess oxidative stress parameters represented by total antioxidant
status and malondialdehyde, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Design: case -control study.
Setting: Referred patients from private clinics .
Methodology: The study was conducted on patients with rheumatoid arthritis,
referred from private clinics of rheumatology. The study period from Nov.1st 2017
and Jun. 1st 2018. Thirty-four female with rheumatoid arthritis, and thirty, sex and
age-matched healthy volunteers as control group were participated in the study. Total
antioxidants status and malondialdehyde were measured in both groups.
Results: Rheumatoid Arthritis patients have lower total antioxidants status values
than that of the control group (0.94±0.24 and 1.95±0.20 respectively) (P value
<0.0001). The malondialdehyde values was higher in patients group than control
group (1.34±0.42 and 0.88±0.26 respectively) (P value <0.0001).
Conclusion: Rheumatoid Arthritis patients have decreased level of total antioxidants
status and increased level of malondialdehyde than the control group

Background and Aim: The phenomenon of Job Stress remains a reality that touches on
different areas of work with inequality. Sources and levels of pressure from one field to
another, particularly affecting the humanitarian field as it has proved. Many studies compare
careers, under the study of job stress in particular the fields of teaching and nursing as they
involve a number of tasks and responsibilities relationships.The study aimed to identify the
relationship between job stress and nurses’ demographical characteristics.
Materials and Method: Aquantives descriptive study was applied study to determine job
stress for nurses in Akre teaching hospitals in Dohuk city. About 75 nurses participants from
two hospitals, Gulan General Teaching Hospital and from Akre General Emergency Teaching
Hospital were chosen randomly. A questionnaire is constructed by researchers is divided into
two sections, the 1st section is the demographical characteristics of nurses and the 2nd section
consists of 23 items about job stress.
Results: The study shows that high percentage of the study population where less than 30
years old and most of them married and male the findings show that 61.3% of nurses where
graduated from medical instituted. the study revealed that 61.3% of the sample had less than
seven years of experience. The finding displayed that there is a significant difference
between job stress among nurs’s age, years experience, Position, Marital status and Salary, While there is no significant difference in relation to Education levels ,Setting, Gender and
Hospital..
Conclusion: The results revealed that the young, single and new employed with low salaries
nurses suffer from job stress more than the older, married, wide experienced senior nurses.
And all the sample have follow almost the same curriculum and instructions to deal with
stress in the hospitals.
Recommendations: The researchers reommnded for improving the working conditions of
workers in sectors of a humanitarian nature, including a sector education and nursing sector
so that their employees can provide better services .

Background and objective: The liver plays an important role and vital that processes
nutrients, filters the blood, and fights infections. Irritate or injured in the liver, its function can
be affected. Heavy alcohol use, toxins, some medications, and certain medical conditions can
cause hepatitis. The study objective is to assess the knowledge’s and practice’s of barbers
about occupational safety
Material and methods: Design of the study was cross-sectional descriptive to achieve the
objectives of the present study from (17th February 2018) to (30th July 2018). A randomized
cross-sectional survey of (60) barber / Mosul City. The sample comprises male and age
groups between (15–>45) year. The questionnaire which corrects from the expert's opinion,
and used the Coefficient Correlation for items which showed that the reliability estimate for
the survey was (r = 0.88) that was significant at (P < 0.05) level.
Result: The study showed a high percentage of barbers aged between (25 – 35) year (30%).
The analysis of data revealed that (53.33%) of barbers hadn't good perception toward their
knowledge and showed that (58.33%) of barbers haven’t good practices toward their
occupational safety. The study founded the significant relationship between demographical
data (educational level, marital status and license to practice the profession) and knowledge,
also the vital connection between demographical data (license to practice the job) and
practices.
Conclusion: Our study finds out a marked lower in the information and practices of the
barbers working in the Mosul city.
Recommendation: Launching health education programs for professionals who are related
to individuals in the community. Behavior exchange campaigns for barbers and focuses on
them with the aid of occupational safety committees.

A descriptive study was conducted throughout the period (1rst of November/2007 – 16th of
August/2008 in order to assess nurse's knowledge and practice concerning pre and post
operative care in six general teaching hospitals in Nineveh governorate. The sample of study
included (350) nurses of the nursing staff working in those hospitals. An anonymous
questionnaire was constructed to gather data concerning the subject of the study. The content
validity of tool is determined through a panel (14) of experts, while the reliability of it was
measured by applying on (10) nurses, it was (0.89). The finding of the study indicated that
(88.29%) of the sample were males, and (13.14%) were graduates of Nursing College, and
(50.57%) of them have less than five years as a duration in nursing experience. The analysis
of findings shows that there is no significant differences according to the variable under
study, except that of pre-operative knowledge in respect to age and educational variables of
nurses. It shows that the excellent percentage of overall knowledge items was (43.1%),
overall practice steps was (5.8%), while it was for all together (24.5%). The study concluded
that masculine feature threats the feminine feature of the nursing profession and there is a
high shortage of advanced nursing certificates. It recommended to enhance the feminism of
the profession by various social and legislative arrangements, and appointment of the
advanced nursing certificates as well as nursing faculties in the clinical nursing field.

Background: safe injection practice is the practice that does not harm both health
workers and recipient and not produce harmful waste products.
Aim: To determine the injection safety practice among nurses at primary health care
centers in Mosul city.
Materials and method: a descriptive study was carried out to include a random
sample of 45 nurses selected from 12 primary health care centers of both sides of the
city left and right, tool of study depend on observational check list and interview
questionnaire.
Results: The study diagnosed both safe and unsafe injection practices which were
performed by nurses at their setting of work. Safe practice significantly performed as
single use of syringes, using a lot of sizes of syringes, dispose syringes to safety box,
close safety box tightly, send safety boxes to buried and incinerated safety boxes,
avoid changing safety boxes, specify a team to follow up safety injection measures,
continuing education and training on safety injection. Unsafe practice also diagnosed
as: don`t washing hands after injection, don`t using gloves when they have skin lesion, filling safety boxes to the top, dispose vials and ampoules to safety box. Poor
vaccination coverage with hepatitis (B) vaccine among nurses. The study also found
the only significant measures after exposure to needle stick injury were washing
hands and notify about the exposure.
Conclusion: The distribution of the nurses in the sample according to age, shows that
the majority of them in 40-49 years of age. Presence of male nurses more evident than
female, most of them have long work period of twenty-one years and more, the majority of the participant were graduated from nursing school. The study diagnosed both safe and unsafe practices.
Recommendation The study recommends for: improving awareness of both patients
and nurses to decrease over use of injection and on achievement of safety, improve
vaccination coverage with hepatitis B vaccine and make it obligatory for all health care workers.