Mosul Journal of Nursing

Background: The role of the nurse manager is to ensure adequate resource management
and quality patient care, especially in dire emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Understanding the nurse managers’ experiences is crucial to better inform nursing
management on how to overcome this kind of critical situation in the future.
Aim: This review aims to synthesize existing qualitative studies exploring the experiences
of nurse managers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design: Systematic literature review of qualitative studies
Methods: The systematic literature review was conducted from October 2022 to April
2023. The study population included nurse managers responsible for managing the health
facilities. The study included qualitative studies conducted in English and published
between 2019 and 2023. A systematic search using CINAHL, EBSCO Host databases,
Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and Scopus is used in the study. The PRISMA guidelines
used to illustrate the selection process of the included articles have been incorporated as
part of the review. The final set of data included original papers meeting the eligibility
criteria.
Results were presented under three major themes: time-consuming, lack of recognition,
and need for extra support. Further research is required in the mental health clinical setting
to effectively explore the impact of relationships between preceptors and the preceptors.
Conclusion: Preceptors reported many benefits to supervising students in the clinical area.
However, some challenges they raised were increased workload and the need for guidance
and acknowledgment from the organization.

Background: Mothers of infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs)
frequently experience significant emotional distress, including anxiety, depression,
and post-traumatic stress. Nurse-led listening visits (NLVs) have emerged as a
potential intervention to address this distress and improve maternal well-being.
Methods: This scoping review followed a five-stage methodological framework,
encompassing research question formulation, literature retrieval, study selection,
data charting, and results reporting. Databases including Embase, Science Direct,
PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies
published from 2010 to 2024, examining the implementation and impact of NLVs
on mothers in the NICU.
Results: The review identified thirty-eight (38) studies of diverse designs,
including randomized controlled trials, qualitative studies, and systematic reviews.
The evidence consistently demonstrates that NLVs are effective in reducing
maternal emotional distress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress
symptoms. Additionally, NLVs enhance mother-infant bonding, improve maternal
self-efficacy, and may contribute to positive long-term outcomes.
Conclusion: Nurse-led listening visits are a promising intervention for supporting
the emotional well-being of mothers with infants in the NICU. This review
highlights the need for further research to optimize implementation strategies,
explore cultural adaptations, and investigate long-term effects. Integrating NLVs
into standard NICU care could significantly improve maternal mental health
outcomes and overall family well-being

Background: This article aims to provide a comprehensive narrative review of hemodialysis patients' spiritual well-being and quality of life, addressing the research question of whether spiritual well-being influences quality of life and health outcomes.Methods: A rigorous narrative review study and comprehensive electronic database search on spiritual well-being in hemodialysis patients were meticulously conducted. The review included a wide range of patients undergoing hemodialysis, and articles published in English from January 2013 to January 2024 were meticulously searched using specific keywords. Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Google Scholar were exhaustively utilized. The researchers conducted thorough article extraction and review, and the final related articles were selected and evaluated using a meticulously prepared checklist.Results: The database search yielded 33 published articles, out of which 12 were selected for final evaluation. The spiritual well-being of patients undergoing hemodialysis was categorized into religious and existential well-being. Religious well-being encompasses aspects related to faith, belief, and religious practices. In contrast, existential well-being includes aspects related to the meaning and purpose of life, personal growth, and self-actualization. These categories further encompass socio-cultural, psychological, individualistic, and material world-oriented aspects.Conclusions: The literature highlights that spiritual well-being positively influences health and quality of life. Incorporating spiritual well-being assessments and spiritual care into clinical practice can enhance treatment quality and health outcomes, particularly for hemodialysis patients, significantly improving their lives.

Background: Apple cider vinegar contains polyphenolic compounds that have beneficial health effects. Varicosity has negative effects on the quality of life of patients, and it causes important workforce losses. Conservative treatment in varicosity patients aims to reduce the symptoms of the condition, try to prevent its progress and prevent the development of complications.Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of topical apple cider vinegar application on the symptoms of varicosities. Methods: A total of 74 patients who have varicosities, 37 patients in the intervention and 37 patients in the control. Two patients from intervention dropped out, three patients from control, and 69 patients were analyzed in this randomized controlled trial, 35 patients in the intervention and 34 patients in the control group. The study outcomes were assessed at the beginning of the study and after one month. The varicosities symptoms were assessed by the Varicosities symptoms questionnaire and visual Analogue Scale.Results: The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of both groups were found to be similar. The patients were evaluated concerning cramps, pain, leg fatigue perception, edema, itching, pigmentation, and weight feelings in the leg, and VAS, in the second evaluation; the decrease in the intervention group was higher and statistically meaningful (???? < 0.05).Conclusion. We determined that the external application of apple vinegar on varicosity patients, which is a very easy application, increased the positive effects of conservative treatment

Background: High-risk behaviors are one of the most apparent social problems that have irreversible consequences for the individual and society.This study was to compare the high-risk behaviors among health and non-health science university students in southeastern Iran.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. 626 students of University of Sciences and University of Health Sciences in Kerman, Between 2017-18 were selected by quota sampling method. The demographic questionnaire, and the Iranian adolescent riskiness scale were used to collect the data. Results: There was no significant difference between non-health (74.94 ± 23.0) and health science students (72.43 ± 22.33) regarding high-risk behaviors score (P>0.05). The non-health science students were significantly more inclined towards the components of smoking, sexual relations and sexual orientation towards the opposite sex, than the health science students (P < 0.05).Conclusion: It is essential to design and implement different interventions in each of the universities to reduce high-risk behaviors.

Backgrounds and objectives: Hemodialysis is a crucial therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease, with arteriovenous (AV) fistulas being commonly utilized due to their durability and lower infection risk. Proper care and maintenance of AV fistulas are essential for their long-term functionality and efficacy in facilitating hemodialysis. This study assessed the knowledge and self-care practices related to AV fistula among hemodialysis patients.Methods: A quantitative, descriptive study design was adopted in Hawler Teaching Hospitals, Erbil City, Iraq. There were 112 patients interviewed from September 2023 to January 2024 by using a semi-structured questionnaire multiple-choice and three-point Likert scale to collect clinical and demographical data of patients to assess knowledge and practice, respectively.Results: The results of the study showed that the majority (48.2%) of the patients had inadequate knowledge, 31.3% had moderately adequate knowledge, and 20.5% had adequate knowledge regarding self-care of AV fistula. The majority (85.7%) of the patients had moderate self-reported practice, 14.3 % had poor self-reported self-care regarding AV fistula self-care, and none had good self-reported practice. A significant relationship was found between knowledge and practice of self-care of AV fistula with level of education, which was statistically significant at (p< .05).Conclusion: The study findings highlight inadequate knowledge and suboptimal self-care practices among hemodialysis patients, particularly those undergoing dialysis for one to two years. This underscores the critical need for patient education and support improvements to enhance AV fistula care and optimize patient outcomes.

Background: In Kurdish society, men entering nursing have yet to be studied from various perspectives. In addition, males generally do not consider nursing a professional choice due to masculine gender characteristics and the prevailing public image. Therefore, nursing must consider alternate solutions to address the demands of the nursing shortage in practice and education.Aim: The study aims to examine the difficulties of male student nurses in a profession in Kurdish society and investigate the causes behind the constant conditions, particularly sociocultural constructs that influence community perceptions of nursing.Method: This study adopted a non-probability (convenience sampling) design. The experiences of 276 undergraduate male nursing students of the Nursing College of (the University of Sulaimani, Komar University of Science and Technology, and Sulaimani Polytechnic University) were explored. The questionnaires were constructed according to the study's objectives, consisting of four parts (socio-demographic data, experienced difficulties on campus and clinical setting, social and cultural difficulties, and attraction and remaining in the profession).Result: (%73.9) of the participants revealed that general perception by society and mass media played a significant role in dissuading men from choosing to nurse. Another revelation was that (%68.5) of the students were discriminated against compared to females; therefore (%59.1) refused to encourage a male family member. (%77.2) of the students believed in the ultimate inferiority of nursing regarding medicine. Many reasons contributed to the decision to leave nursing, but most students (%59.8) had to accept nursing because of the 12th-graduate point average. (%76.8) of the students who said the nursing program was not meeting their favorable expectations.Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that sociocultural difficulties were the most significant obstacle faced by male students that caused them not to choose nursing as a first-choice career, as well as the concept that nursing as a profession is recognized as an inferior career choice relative to other health-related professions, such as medicine. However, the reasons for the lack of males in the profession were inherent belief in the naturalism of women as Nurses, poor working conditions and the low pay, and the inability of males to shake off the low reputation men in Nursing had acquired.

Background: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density and increased bone fragility, leading to a higher risk of fractures. It is a prevalent condition, especially among the elderly, with common fracture sites including the hip, spine, and wrist.Aim: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of osteoporosis among nursing students at the College of Nursing, University of Sulaimani.Methods: Ninety-one nursing students from the College of Nursing, University of Sulaimani, participated in this study using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. The Facts on Osteoporosis Quiz (FOOQ) questionnaire was utilized to gather data, which was then analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 23).Results: The mean age of the students was 20.83 ± 2.73 years. Of the participants, 53.8% had fair knowledge about osteoporosis, and an equal percentage (53.8%) were female. Additionally, 50.5% of the students lived with their families, and 64.8% had a preparatory school background. Students were knowledgeable about certain aspects: 83.5% knew multiple prevention methods, 78% recognized the need for increased calcium during growth, 74.7% understood the risk posed by high caffeine and low calcium intake, and 73.6% were aware of the fracture risk in women over 50 without preventive measures. However, there were significant knowledge gaps: only 28.6% knew that walking does not benefit osteoporosis, 22% identified low-weight females as higher risk, and 28.6% knew the calcium content in a glass of milk.Conclusions: The study reveals that nursing students at the University of Sulaimani have inadequate knowledge of osteoporosis, particularly in areas related to prevention and treatment, highlighting the need for enhanced educational interventions.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive syndrome of motor function and posture disturbance caused by abnormalities or damage to the brain during its development.Aim: To assess mothers’ knowledge regarding cerebral palsy of their childrenMethods: A quantitative design descriptive study was conducted on 111 mothers of their children with Cerebral Palsy attending the chronic unit of Dr Jamal Ahmad Rashid Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani City from January to March 2023. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used to select the sample. The data was collected through face-to-face interviews, and a questionnaire was designed for this study after obtaining participants' consent. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version (23.0).Results: The findings of the study revealed that more than half (59.5%) of mothers aged between (30-39) years with a mean was (38.1 ± 5.5), (32.4%) of mothers had primary education, unemployed (86.5%), from urban areas (67.6%) and (62.2%) of mothers were barely sufficient. More than half (54.1%) of mothers had fair knowledge, (24.3%) had good knowledge, and (21.6%) had poor knowledge regarding Cerebral Palsy.Conclusion: The results of the present study conclude that more than half of mothers had fair knowledge regarding the Cerebral Palsy of their children, and there was a significant association between the level of Knowledge of the mothers and age, level of education, and financial status, while there was no significant association between level of Knowledge of the mothers and residency.

Background: First aid is crucial in providing immediate care to ill or injured individuals. Kindergarten teachers are often the first responders in schools and thus need adequate knowledge, attitude, and practice in first aid. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of kindergarten teachers regarding first aid in Sulaimani City, Iraq. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a pre-posttest approach was used. A sample of 102 kindergarten teachers from 51 kindergartens participated in the study. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and an observational checklist.Results: The training program has demonstrated a significant and positive impact on the teachers' knowledge and practice regarding first aid (p < 0.001), providing reassurance of its effectiveness.Conclusion: The training program effectively enhanced the first aid capabilities of kindergarten teachers. However, the need for ongoing training and refreshment courses is urgent and crucial to maintain and further improve first aid skills among kindergarten teachers.