Journal of Kirkuk University Humanity Studies

(Reference Stating in Arabic poetry)

Repetition is an Arabic term has its attendances among ancient Arab rhetoricians. It is derived from the word repeat which means going back or repeating. Terminologically, it is the repetition of the same word or phoneme more than once in a text either for the sake of emphasis, or increasing the payment of attention, magnifying or getting excitement of this repetition. This paper deals with one types of repetition called (Reference Stating) in which the poet repeats a word which indicates renewing or renovation expressing the poet's perspectives. It embodies the emotional state which controls the psychological state of the poet while narrating his poem. What the repetition of the verb does. At the beginning of the verses, is rendering a regular musical rhythm giving the poet's emotional experiences. It is never possible to look at repetitions of phonemes randomly and disconnected from the general meaning ; rather is should be closely related to it. This paper has dealt with a limited number of poet in different ancient eras. They used by manipulating (he/she said) and (I said). This research has not tackled lots because the subject may be expanded to expanded to scientific theses in literary criticism. Furthermore, I have exemplified verses containing this type of narration. Theses verses have been analyzed through which the function of repetition and exploration and exploration of phonemic music has been shown.

Abstract
The present study investigates the linguistic and translational aspects of onomatopoeia. English and Arabic have been areas for investigation. It aims at finding out appropriate techniques to translate onomatopoeic words and expressions .It is found here that Arabic uses less onomatopoeia than English , because the former has well-established terms for sounding characteristics of most animals, people or things. It is also found that there are three translation techniques to render onomatopoeic expressions, namely, translating onomatopoeia by an equivalent onomatopoeia, translating onomatopoeia by paraphrasing or rewording it , and translating onomatopoeia by giving its phonemic translation and providing an explanatory gloss between brackets.

Abstract

This research aims to study the " standard" who is one of the most important pillars of facilitating the Arabic grammar, which is a manifestation of the analysis, which assigns about large in the application, as the significance University for the purposes of regulation and the Origins of the order, so counting compound investigators, and face-tempting tend to the ideas of many of grammarians to bring what is distant perception, and to facilitate what the difficulty in detail. As well as that term is characterized by its ability to cohabitation as with most topics, and reliable scientists in building the foundations that be a springboard in facilitation.

The Plan for Research , has walked divided in three sections dealt first topic: the impact of the standard in facilitating minutes matters names , while taking second topic : the impact of the standard in facilitating minutes matters acts and letters , and came third topic to address the impact of the standard in the structure of the floor and to facilitate their understanding .

The research contains the introduction which sheds light on Buck’s career and literary background. The second part deals with the status of women in the ancient Chinese culture. The third part presents women’s trauma through the practices of keeping concubine, foot binding, female infanticide, and selling daughters as slaves. The fourth part concludes the findings of the research on the subject.
Pearl S. Buck was an enduring feminist, and she took a feminine tone towards the suffering of women in China. She depicted the inferior status of women in traditional China with sensitive impressions.
Buck’s The Good Earth clearly portrays the cruelties and unfairness suffered by Chinese women. She uses the character O-lan to illustrate the extreme injustices suffered by Chinese women and the lack of options they have in life. Buck’s primary source for The Good Earth can be traced back to her own experience in rural China.
Pearl S. Buck was born in Hillsboro, West Virginia, on 26 June 1892. She was the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize for literature in 1938. When she was three months old, her missionary parents brought her to China where she spent most of the first forty years of her life. She was raised by a Chinese nurse who told her popular tales and myths, and she could speak and write both English and Chinese by the age of four. Her life in the rural areas of China gave her deep understanding into the thinking of the Chinese people. Peter Conn, Buck's scholarly biographer, says that Buck lived in two distinct worlds “the small white clean Presbyterian American world of [her] parents and the big loving merry not – so – clean Chinese world” (Conn, 1998: 24). Consequently, she grew up a bilingual.

The Efectiveness of place in the poem of Ibn-Hamdees Al-Saqali (527 Hijri)
The present study aims at investigating the ways of employing place in the poetic purposes of Ibn-Hamdees’ works. This aspect aroused different questions. The poet was known for his use of most of the genres of poetry, moreover; the critical care of this aspect has been developed by the ancient as well as the modernist critics of the works of the poet, as mentioned in the first part of the research.
In the second part, and in order to get to the main concern of the research and because of the interference in the space structure of poetry, the researcher intended to shed light on the main aspects of space which are repeated in his poetic texts which comprise certain elements of space, these elements are:
1- Land 2- Sea 3- Sky
The ancients’ care of the poetic purpose of Ibn-Hamdees has started from the poet according to the poet himself and those who lived in his same period like Al-Mu’tamad bin-Abbad, Aby-el-Fadhl Ja’far bin-Muqtarah-el-Katib, Ibn-Bassam, as mentioned previously in the introduction of the poetic texts which were the concern of the ancient critics, described as poetic samples as mentioned by Ibn-Dahiya, Salahaddin-el-Safadi, Abdul-Raheem-el-Abbasi, and Shihab-el-deen Al-Khafaji have investigated his selected poems of which space has a great share, whereas Al- Maqarri has pointed to the idea of the aspect of space in the poetic purpose (description as an example). The agreement has come up with two matters:
1-there is no contradiction about the meaning of space in the previous purpose, whether by quoting from other sources or by self-diagnosis, as in the case of Al-Emad-el-Asfahani, Ibn-Khalakan, Al-Sfadi, Al-Khafaji, and Al-Maqarri.
2- the description of space is seen in the light of poetic plagiarism and in appreciating the additions of the poet in this field as mentioned by Al-Emad-el-Asfahani quoted from Bu-el-Salt, Ibn-Dahiya, and Al-Abbasi.
It was presupposed that the previous efforts of the ancient critics have paved the way before the modern researchers who are interested in this field of study, especially the subject of the homeland and its downfalls which were one of the points described as pure expression of the poet’s deep feelings about space, and it seems that the scientific procedures have witnessed a remarkable progress about whether the poet was good in describing nature within the unique purpose, or not.
Within the concept of ‘land’, patriotic poetry has become an alternative, which has been introduced by the artistic employment of the attendance as well as absence of space that appeared in connected, non-discordant look that led to the mortality of the enemies of the hero.
It is natural that duality of concepts with their purposes is used, thus closeness and distance in space indicate antonyms, as mentioned in the dirge or lyrics sung by the lover.
One cannot deny that the existence of space is connected to the space itself, thus unsafe places can be considered a source of horror in the whole area.
The idea of getting out of the place has reached some other poetic purposes. So texts of pride, complain, alienation, and strangeness have become expressions of this idea though the reasons were different, yet they are united in one idea; separation.
As mentioned earlier, the technique of the alternative place was there in some poetic purposes, the longing to what it yields (of real belonging) was seen in the elegies which were a live ground to spread this noble feeling.
It is worth mentioning that the nature of such belonging in elegies is different from that of verses about wine and drinking, and it is different in the relationship between the places also in some descriptive texts. This means that there is a sort of truth in them which cannot be seen clearly in addressing the texts in this panegyric frame, though praising some of their space symbols with (self-patriotic) motivation may support the idea of belonging and compatriotism in terms of space.
Concerning the artistic truth, it has a great deal of popularity in some other poetic texts; the characteristics of the sea especially the horrible one has been the concern of many texts, as it was a sign of the place rather than a symbol. Sometimes, it needs from the speaker to address the sea, chiding it without having a specific poetic purpose. Its main employment of this concept within the frame of panegyric verse was only a contemporary risky means to get to the target. Perhaps that urgent need led to stuff the context with emotional elements such as movement, color, and sound.
The sky, on the other hand, works as an element of space of which the poetic purpose makes use of. It represented the value of the sublime of the addressee and the position of the lamented person in an elegy, especially after relying on the legality of this integration of the stable ancient criticism.
The visual-kinesthetic imageries of the existence of such spaces served the emotional sides which indicate the superiority of the praised person (or addressee). Besides, these imageries were considered as live witnesses on the heroic deeds (epics) the hero has gone through.
Some of these poetic texts of the meditative place have motivated man to stand in face of sorrow, it was not a static space, rather, it was an environment where the sounds were related to elegy, or a place concerned with light and color in a great part of poetry (that of patriotism and wine-drinking) in Arabic poetry.

Abstract

This paper aims at showing the influence of nature on the rhyme of poetry andits structurd leuels . This inflnence has been clear in the poety Ibn wake Al- Taneesi . This paper consists of an introduction and two Sections . I have devoted the introduduetion to clarify the notion of rhyme an natune , and the biography of the paet and his paetry . I have dedicated Section one to stuaty the kinds of rhyme it's letters, section Two to showing the influence of nature in the aspeets of poetic structure , rhyme as rhythimic aspect , rhetorical , semamtic aspect , and structural aspect .
The most prominent results are , the tamiliarity of double rhmes , absolute rhymes , the description of nature by the poet , the dominance of genitiue diacritic in the rhymes . The letter "R" has occupied the first yank in the paetry of nature , Also letter "M" , joint letter, and "H" The influence of nature has been clear in the rhyme and four aspec , rhetorical , semantic , and structural aspect . We can see that the inflnence is mutual struetural and between the subject and text / leuds and the rhyme.

- Abstract
- This research deals with the adverbs which known by the grammarians as (the aims) through the Holy Qura'an represents the absolute eloquence and gives the Arabic Language a description energy and expresses the meaning in a style devoid of fake and confusion.
- The nature of the research requires to divide it into two chapters precedes by the end that dealt with the meaning of the aim. The first chapter deals with the construction of the adverbs. And the second chapter deals with the state of the addition. The research finishes with an end dealt with the most important results that the research has reached to. After this study it appears that if the adverbs were added, so the job of the addition will be restricted. And if the adverbs weren't added, it will perform the job of the indefinite to indicate the adverbs that follow by the speaker and the listener.
- This research prefers to name the adverbs by the definite adverbs because it is more specific from the idiom of aims which expresses its meaning by the grammarians.
- These adverbs has come in many different positions and this research discovers that actions which associated by adverbs of time and adverbs of aim continuous into the speakers time without cease.

Abstract

Character is the essential element in literature . its however able to give an object image almost it depends on artistic formulas. It can recreate the language and the scenario can be received and transmitted. The sense acts are mutually described and done by straggling to achieve aims. The writer may personify the character several symbols and thoughts the most important in literary work is the second type to characters; it is the minor character this type has never been given the suitable position in analysis and study among researches.
Intense, the role of this character has been taken into account throughout the scenes of action this also done through emergency of relevant setting main character to have their own role completely , in addition to the effect on their character and practice inside the literary work texture according to the important of this element and the novel is usually rich with this type of character we find that we have two step in this type , clarify the roles creating the action , and their interaction each others. It is actually the material to the writer to embody the image and express the feeling in reality.
The current paper has been divided into introduction to the character has been treated this has been divided into three part according to the role in literary texture . the role of the minor character has also been seen in illuminating the main character and the role in illuminating each other .
Finally , the role of narrator in illuminating the minor character the cases of deep in the analysis have been mentioned the study concluded some result that may bear the gist of notes and conclusion .

Abstrac
Complaint of age in the AL Maqamat ALluzumei from al- saraqusti
Andulisian authors were greatly influenced by the writing style" maqamat" which was firstly distinguished in the east.maqamat AL- Hariri had left immense effect on the Andulisisns authors. Among them was AL-saraqusti whose maqamat greatly reflected tge writing style that was used by Al- gariri. Complaining of the age time was the main characteristic of these maqamat in which AL saraqusti accurately presented the evry day life society andits its contradictories, maqamat of AL-saragusti depicted remakbiy the aimlessness,helplessness and luxury of the people livivvng in Andulisia in particular and the Islamic world in general.

This paper deals with the supreme position of

Islamic civilization a mony man civilizations and the significant of muslim scholars tried a lot in serving humanity and noboday that role , so it is apparent that the study of civilized aspects of Arabic Islamic history is regarded an essence corner stone that reflects the scientific/literary/and ideological activity across the periods of history and as a response of that , this paper tackles an elite of scholars who participated in establishing the Islamic civilization these scholars are ,the scientific families known in Levant countries one of those families is the family of bani-askar during the era of the sixth and seventh centuries /twelfth and thirteen centuries b-a .

bani-asakir are the families that became famous in knowledge and they belong to their grand father abu-al-qasism ali bin al hussien al- damashqi the so-calld lbin asakir –571h/1175 a-b that family shined in the domains of education and ir role in enriching the islamie civilizataion throngh different sciences .

Abstract

There are many examples of ancient and modern history of heads of state and leaders, who have valid group of advisers, to benefit from them in access to the fact, (including internal and external, etc..,( pursued to correct opinion and on the basis of which issued right decisions, their country blessing stability and progress, the Salahaddin (567_589A.H/ _1160 1174 A.D) was one of those leaders who had been consulting trusted scholar in his era, the advice to them is one of the most important factors of his victories.
Salahaddin s victory over the invaders crusade, and then he returning Egypt to the embrace of the Abbasid Empire after it was ruled by the Fatimid, were and other a lot, but the fruits of those consultations. For example, the choice between the destruction of the city of Ashkelon in the year (597A.H/1184A.D) for fear of its occupation by crusade, and taking a base, from which to attack Muslims, or keep them consulted his advisers, he considered sabotaging it, and he did it despite his love of that city, and it was the right decision.
The most prominent advisors Isa Alhakari ,Qazi al-Fadil, Qazi Thiaaddin alshahrazori and others. .
The reasons for the success of the Salahaddin at the political level, military rules and regulations, is that he did not take the decisions of himself, but he had to consult by advisors. Consultation is the most important guarantees of succee for leaders in the past, the present and the future.

Abstract
The determination of the role of geographical factors affecting agricultural production and diagnostic it's positive and negative aspects, and display the agricultural potential and knowledge of the compatibility of agricultural potential with the requirements of the growth of agricultural crops, to achieve an important aspect in the development of agricultural production, under the climatic conditions fluctuating current and the growing numbers of the population, through its contribution to the investment of resources of agricultural non-exploited or reference to aspects of failure and waste and improve it, and the improve or change the methods of agricultural practice for the better, and planning for investment best suited for different variables in the study of geographical analysis of the role of geographical factors affecting agricultural production and agricultural potential that are available, to get to the availability of agricultural requirements for each agricultural product, to cause in the result to clarify the features of existing agricultural and drawers recommendations necessary to determine the types of crops to be planted and to identify areas suitable for the cultivation of those crops, which leads to optimal investment of land resources in a sustainable manner, and an increase in agricultural production ,and to achieve change or an increase in the income of farmers in agricultural development.
Therefore, research aims at studying the role of geographical factors in agricultural production, both plant and animal by studying the potential of geographic study area, and to disclose the reasons for the spatial variation of agricultural production in terms of size and relative importance in the study area, and show the problems related to agricultural production and the search for ways to develop it.
The most important conclusions that the research researched is this, the study area owns the ingredients and natural and human resources have a role in highlighting the Agriculture Winter dimip, and agricultural diversity of the other crops, and provide livestock, and come to limit the north area of the cultivation of dense ,central region for the cultivation of vegetables, production of chewing gum, while the south preferred the cultivation of grain and forage crops and animal husbandry .

In the light of what the study reached a number of recommendations related to the distribution of agricultural production and the development of agricultural potential in the district in order to enhance agricultural development there.

Attitudes towards Mental illness among Pregnant Women AttendinGovernment on Women's Clinics in the Province of Ramallah and Al-Bireh
Abstract
This study aimed to identify attitudes towards mental illness in pregnant female clients to clinics women in the province of Ramallah and Al Bireh, for this purpose applied to study procedures on a sample of (200) of pregnant mothers were selected a sample available, have reached results no statistically significant differences in the level of attitudes towards mental illness due to the variable age in mothers pregnant female clients to clinics for women. Ther were astatistically significant differences in the level of these trends depending on the variable-level scientific research for the benefit of pregnant class university students and older and then high school and so on all areas except the area of social interaction, The results also showed a statistically significant differences in the level of these attitudes towards mental illness due to a variable number of times the load on the field of treatment for the first time to download, and no statistically significant differences on the rest of the fields, and reached results are also statistically significant differences in the level of attitudes towards mental illness in Pregnant variable depending on the number of abortions and that the areas of social compliance and the total score for the lack of abortion, and there is no statistically significant differences depending on this variable on the rest of the fields.

Research Summary

The search is marked by ( ( determining the age of marriage in Islamic jurisprudence and the Personal Status Law in force in the Kurdistan region, a comparative study ) ) looking in a statement the views of scholars in various doctrines and personal status law in Iraq and in the Kurdistan region of Iraq in force ... And found through research that scholars with differences in defining marriage age or the emirate and marks appearing on the young man or young woman agree that marriage is a confirmed Sunnah through the Quranic texts and the texts of the Sunnah of what this year from the effects of social, economic , and spiritual benefits do not materialize than a decade , but the marriage in addition to that, the basis of family formation , which rejected the peace if society as a whole , and if it is corrupt and its effects stretch with the man in his life and after his death .
The research is divided into three sections ... In the first section clarified the definition of marriage and the legitimacy and benefits , and in the second section shows the search to determine the age of marriage when the scholars of Islam and contemporary scholars , and in the third section briefs the reader on the history and the pillars and conditions of the marriage contract and determine the age of marriage in the personal status law .

Summary
This research can be summarized into several axes guaranteed by looking at the following:
1 - after a study of the personality of Zaid bin Amr bin Neville appeared he supervision of his people , and middle one proportions , and submitted them in the hair , and political leadership .
2 - took personal Zaid ibn Amr wide area in the history of pre-Islamic heritage in terms of the capillary , and the large number of events , and the facts that over , especially after the conversion to the tap .
3 - Find afternoon during the considerable efforts made by Zaid ibn Amr in an attempt ÇáÍŢć request and call him traumatized and even expulsion .
4 - The large number of novels that relate to mention Zaid ibn Amr whether the correct ones or made or increases made on novels health ; to show how important this character in the history of religious dogmatic .
5 - by looking at the sources, who touched a male hair Zaid ibn Amr , we find that it was as important sources of evidence poetry quoted by Arab scientists to use them , which was mentioned in the Koran.
6 - Find proved that Zaid bin Amr bin Neville despite his search for the true religion of the Jews and the Christians, but he did not belong to them , but disowned them, and announced that he follow the religion of Ibrahim , the upright , a Muslim and was not of the idolaters .

Abstract

Meaning and Logical rules of some Conjunction in Kurdish language

This research is about Meaning and Logical rules of some Conjunction in Kurdish language, within the framework of mathematical logic, according to the descriptive analysis method; this research describes two important points which are: Identifying logical rules of Conjunction in Kurdish language and the role of these conjunctions in Economical language
This research except the introduction and conclusion consists of two axes. The first axis refers to meaning and logic. The second axis belongs to the rules of some Conjunction in Kurdish language
The most important target that we have reached in this paper is that: the logical rules in Kurdish language are the same as in the Arabic and English language. And the Conjunction have an important role in Economical language .
In the conclusion the researcher mentioned the most important results which he has proven and abstract in English and Arabic languages.

Abstract

This research deals with the poetic language, its aspects, its relation with the people's spoken language and the differences between them. It shows the role of poetic language in concrete the style of poets. It also explains the sources of poetic language. Then it moves to the poetic language of Hemin, the poet. It talks about the characteristics of this language and its effects to appear poet's style. It also mentions to those reasons that have made the poetic language of Hemin to reach a level in masterpiece, fluency, and originality to be a model and pioneer in Kurdish poetry.