Journal of Kirkuk University Humanity Studies

exture can be defined as the way a text is put together. This study presents a contrastive analysis of textual devices in Arabic texts and their English translation following the method propounded by Halliday (1994). It aims at investigating the textual devices in English and Arabic to find out the various devices used by the two different language families, it is only natural that texture represented by such devices poses great difficulties for experienced translators, let alone beginners. Thus, the present study tries to find evidence for the hypotheses that English and Arabic show differences in their use of textual devices and that Arabic, unlike English, prefers to group information into large grammatical chunks.
It has been found here that the two languages show marked differences in their use of these devices. It has also been found that the English texts show preference for using a considerable lower number of additives than Arabic. Moreover, Arabic texts incline towards the use of a considerably higher number of lexical items than their English equivalents to achieve texture.
The study falls into three sections, the first section presents the problem, aims of the study and the hypothesis. The second section is concerned with giving a review of literature on standards of textuality. Section three tackles the aspect of texture in English and Arabic

The research aims to identify the piracy and the most prominent pirates and the nature of their activities in the exposure of ships and plunder its load of goods and commodities and property of another pervert the travelers for individuals in the sea region of India (Indian Ocean) and its geographic and economic importance as the passing of which most of the trade exchanges at the time, the area was full of navigational movement active, which encouraged the pirates to continue their jobs and cut the hostile sea routes and the theft of ships and utilize them economically. Try searching access and the implications of those works and what is needed to secure roads and marine tract and exposure to actions taken to protect ships and ports as well as measures to identify the most prominent efforts to curb piracy military campaigns. A search on the prologue and epilogue and four sections , followed by a list of sources and references . Has detective came addresses as follows first topic most prominent pirate , pirate dens second topic , the third section pirate ships and tactics , the fourth section pirate attacks and the actions taken to curb piracy .

The research aims to reveal: -
1. The impact of the immediate feedback according to style interactive learning the long jump (Virtual construction and the level of achievement) with the experimental group of students who are the first school students in the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences / University of Kirkuk for the academic year (2014-2015)
2. Comparison of the results of the two students (experimental and control) in the post test the learning in the long jump (Virtual construction and the level of achievement)
The researcher assumed as follows:
1. There are statistically significant differences in the learning differences long jump (Virtual construction and the level of achievement) between pretest and posttest experimental group and in favor of the post test.
2. There are statistically significant differences in the effectiveness of learning differences long jump (Virtual construction and the level of achievement) between the two tests for the two experimental and control group and the experimental group.
The researcher used the experimental method for suitability nature of research, where the research sample consisted of 20 students, were distributed into two groups (experimental and control group) and of (10) students per group. Homogeneity was conducted between the two sets of search variables (chronological age, mass, length, and some of the elements of physical fitness, the virtual construction and the level of achievement in the long jump).

With the beginning of the 19th century ,and the aftermath of losing the war against Czarist Russia, the Iranians found themselves tending towards Europe especially in literature. One of the prominent literary figures of this tendency was Mirza Taqi Khan, who became the prime minister when Nasiriddin Shah came to power in 1848.
Taqi Khan was liberal and interested in making reforms in the education and traditions of the Iranians. He focused on modern prose specifically.
The institutional revolution has had a great effect on Iranian literature as a number of liberal writers and poets joined the revolution. Later, these liberal have been given the chance to organize their efforts and work in harmony. Thanks to modern printing machines, they found vast spaces in newspapers and magazines for their literary products in big cities like Tehran, Rasht, Tabriz, and others.
Taqi Khan’s creativity in Persian prose writing was continued by Qaemqam and other followers, who, despite the simplicity of their styles, were able to expand the horizons of the society’s thoughts and make the wheels of science and education go forth. Besides, many intellectuals and writers went to France to be acquainted with the update thoughts and currents there. They published a great number of books in history, literature, and sciences in both Persian and Arabic languages.
Dar al-Funoon school, which was established by Ameer Kabeer, was an educational institution that could meet, with the help of European teachers, the needs of the readers and students as well as translate many scientific, technical, military and literary works. Apart from this school, in the era of Nasiriddin Shah, a number of historical fictions were translated in such an attractive and simple style that spread well all over the country. Actually, this sort of simple style elicited simplicity in writing and getting rid of traditional complicated ones. In this way, the prose products developed and became within the reach of Iranian readers in terms of imagination and comprehension.

The research seeks to discover such mental structure embodied in the poetry Oday Bin Zaid and how he describes the imaginary other and how to guide it to the poetic utterance in his experience in the prison, especially that the other is an essential structure in forming the ego which is reflected through the linguistic signs and the various functions employed by the poet in his poetic intention , a matter that makes the structure of the pro-Islamic poetry a space that is necessarily connected with the human and the natural effects that surround the poet. So the other imaginary is not just embodied and personalized in one human unit only i but it is all things that have influence in the mind and the imagination of the poet. It is regarded as a presence from which the poet drives his connotations and meanings in such a way that makes it a speaker with him and a participant in the poet's suffering and what he faces in his life despite not attending materially by sight or his spatial proximity . It might also be as a comfortable thing in the boring life as the case with our poet who has been afflicted with prison. Most of the poetry he composed was inside the prison which carries with it the imaginary other which participated the poet in hearing the poems and the complaint invading his imagination, which we tackled in this study.

SherkoBekas is one of the modernist poets and he is at the same time the father of modernKurdish poetry as he finds a new direction and path for Kurdish poetry. One of the characteristics of this path is the revolt. However, this revolt is not his own, but he becomes a nation’s speaker and stands against the nineteen years of Kurdish rule and he revolts. So his collection of poems, “Now a Girl My Country”, becomes a tribune for identifying this history
The first part of this paper sheds light on the concept and identification of revolt, a brief history of the concept is introduced, and also the reasons behind the revolt of the poet
The second part deals with the types of revolt in the text, namely historical, psychological, societal, spiritual, political, etc. The types are introduced with poetic examples and meticulous explanations

The current study aims at investigating the level of environmental awareness of intermediate school students in Kirkuk province. It also aims to investigate whether there are awareness differences in terms of gender (male- female) variant. A random sample was chosen comprising 240 male and female second grade intermediate students in Kirkuk province. To achieve the goals, a standard measure of environmental awareness was designed by the researcher and which was distributed to four domains. The truth, stability and discriminating capacity of the measure was taken out. Statistical means (T-value of one sample and two separate samples and Pearson\'s correlation coefficient) were used to process the data statistically. The results showed that intermediate school students have good environmental awareness. The results also indicated that there are no statically effective differences in terms of the gender variant on the level of environmental awareness. In the light of the results, the researcher presents several recommendations and suggestions for further research.

The question of freedom is old as human and dates back to the beginning of live on the planet. it is the humanity case and related to the mentality of human thoughts. Religious Intellectuals and thinkers are always wanted to make religion as an instrument in order to achieve freedom and liberty. In this research the role of the both religious type; monotheism and polytheism have been discussed. In addition to the analysis of the importance of the religion to the individuals, the question of has the religion had the ability to achieve the human aspirations and to obtain the marvelous freedom have been evaluated.