Journal of Kirkuk University Humanity Studies

Abstract
Starting from the modern trends in studying literary texts and benefiting from some modern concepts and tools, which flow into multiple fields of knowledge, and among those concepts is the concept of narrative perspective in narrative poetry, This study attempted to search at an important component in pre-Islamic narrative poetry, which is the narrative perspective through revealing its concept and its types, as defined in the critical studies devoted to the novel, and then we will go back in the applied aspect to the approach of models of pre-Islamic poetry with a narrative-oriented with a critical vision going from the narrative perspective.
As long as the matter is based on selection, we will adopt the narrative perspective in fictional poetry in the following order:
1- The external regulator: the shore is an outboard and presents the shear from the outside, so the perspective is external and its depth is external.
2- The internal regulator: the shear is external, and the shear is presented from the inside, and thus the perspective is external and its depth is internal.
3- The inner subject and the subject: the peripheral is internal, and the predicate is presented from the self. Therefore, the perspective is internal and deep.

An Analysis of the Some Stanzas from ‘’TERCİ-İ BEND’’ BAY HİJRİ DEDE
The cont temprorary Turkmen poet Muhmmed Ali whose fame name is Hijri Dede wrote poems in all the types of poetry in the histroy of Turkmen literature. No other contemporay Turkmen poet has written in the form of Terci-i bent except Hijri dede. His book ‘’İntibah-i Millet’’ is a proof of this. İn this study some of the parts of this verse book is analysed and the poet’s rejection of any sort of religious fanatism based on sectarianism is clearly shown. This impoırtant work of Hijri Dede takes the from of a book of advice. In his attempt to dırect people to the right path in life he also tries to show the bad aspects of sectarian fanatism which benefits only those who try to divide the nation and the imperialist countries. Among the Turkish and especially among the Iraqi Turkmans sectarian fanatism does not exist.

Abstract
The relationship between poetry and the visual arts is an undeniable fact. Both are vehicles of literary expression and communication. Many works of the visual arts, some of which are not necessarily famous, have driven poets to inspire their ideas. One of the recurring literary techniques in the poetry of Jorie Graham is ekphrasis. The paper defines and tries to provide a brief historic account of the term ekphrasis. It also analyzes some of Graham's selected ekphrastic poems that reflect her persisting philosophical view that the visual arts is of a vital role in bridging the gap of language inadequacy that a poet encounters.

Tuzkhurmato is known as the city of salt and the monuments that is mentioned in many of travellers`, tourists` and landscape lovers`
memorandum.
It is not strange to see the birth of great poets, artists and original
writers in Tuzkhurmato . Hasan Guram is among of these poets. Though
the long time between us, we never forget him because he present in
our imagination and soul.
Hasan Guram was known in the city by his tall frame and
Turkmanish dress . His love to Turkmanish people and the country
in general reflected in his poems and how he beautifully wrote these
poems.
He took on himself to solve the issue of humanity and also political
problems through his steady poems that make something different in
reducing people`s suffering .
Hasan Guram succeeded by his poems to prove what Turkmanish
people suffering in Tuzkhurmato from the injustice and gloom and
severity and for these reasons he stayed undyig in minds.
To produce my thankful to his effors towards Turkmanish people , I
made my paper's title "Verbs in Turkmen folk poetry and its comparison in
modern Turkish language Hassan korm as a model of it "
my paper talks about his life and his style in poem writing furthermore
the poems which said due to him. At the end , I want to thank everybody
helps me to complete this work.

Abstract
The aural image has a significant structural importance and
a wide semantic role that accompanies the creative vision in the poetic text. It is an important aesthetic source of Ash-Shab Az-Zareef's experience Apart from establishing poetic stances, the aural image contributes in rooting aesthetic artistic values. The poet benefits from the aural percept and resorts to employ it to form images showing his meanings, and portraying his imagination. The poet is fully aware of the impact of sense on self, its force in revelation, its contribution in forming poetic significance which, in turn, affects the aural image which is objectively received in three domains: love , praise and place longi

This study is considered a foundational linguistic starting point approaching the concept of communicative interest through the deliberative theory and the communicative function of discourse in the Arab linguistic heritage, by emphasizing the mechanical characteristic of language, and in subjecting linguistic behavior to the movement of communication and social interaction, where social relations and through the status of the addressees, their ranks and their status play a functional role Important in the field of linguistic use, from the position of the addressee and his relationship with the speaker, the class of the addressee and his influence on the speaker, all of this and others were covered by the research through the theory of (influence and communication) discursive. Those meanings and discursive connotations that govern linguistic communication between the speaker and the interlocutor was able to be explored by research in the folds of the ideas of the ancient Arab linguistic sources and in the deliberative style followed in their methods, from what he turned to from the state of the addressee, and taking into account his position in the linguistic discourse, in a distinctive use strategy, through which he was differentiated Among the interlocutors of rank, degree, and affiliation, the language is governed within the framework of special production laws, and forms of the qualitative organizational hierarchy of speech.

It is well known that comparative studies and direct way andimportant to learn morals and different cultures, and perhaps this process was among the arts and cultures of hard work and tiring and arduous, because who stands up for such studies requires a good knowledge of the different morality taught by a multi-lingual. Working in this field intellectual work Nabil requires endurance, patience and foresight and imagination and open-mindedness away from the intolerance which never dignifying for the task of comparison between Odben or several etiquette in different eras, is another creative work in the sense enters the heart of artistic creation and operation Alvkra.ovi While the importance of these the study has interested in the field of literature that Arab and Kurdish libraries lacked this kind of research, it is the study of approach between different Odben, to show us the extent of their relationship with the other, and adopted the present research on the substantive and technical analysis and focused on Mangda in the notice of poets of nationalism and national trend of innovative dispute those who preceded them poets on the level of form and content. This research aims Alytsulait light on the national and pan Alastneadat that produced vigilance intellectual and literary Arabic and Kurdish Bnmtiha about the transformations that have taken place in the poetic texts structure in the twentieth century, and this rhetoric poetic accomplishment formed two Alcharin the beginning of a bold new and important text for formations carried the awareness and willingness and revolutionize the creation of national and national spirit in the history of poetry of that era poets proved their existence to the political and social fluctuations under foreign colonialism that prevailed in the Kurdish and Arab nation at thetime.
On this basis Search it came in two sections examined in the first section (the features of the national side), while the other section for (the features of the national side), and the appended reading seal easy, and a list of sources and references adopted, and as long as the readings in literature and criticism Square, is the vision of projects trying to uncover the hidden and discover the hidden diets, and provide a logical vision within the frameworks and contexts usual, leaving a reading this shop taking Word, which is not as the final word on this issue, as much as what you are trying to open up to the recipient as put forward on the table, and God intended way

Introduction

Praise be to God, the Lord of the worlds who created the two heavens for His worship and commanded them in His revealed book and on the tongue of His trustworthy Messenger, upon him be the best of prayers and peace be upon him, and he sent the messengers, may God’s prayers and peace be upon them to call people to her and wish her to them, and sealed them with the best of them and their imam is our Prophet and our Imam Muhammad bin Abdullah, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him
Negative phenomena in society are many and cannot be counted, which cast their negative effects on the security of society and the integrity of relations between individuals and the family, and human societies undergo changes and transformations in their public life until these transformations appear on people's daily behavior in all aspects of life, or in the private lifestyle, And in the relationships between members of society.

Research problem: the high percentage of negative phenomena in society, and lack of interest in treating them. Many societies suffer from various negative phenomena

The reason for choosing the research: The lack of studies that dealt with these phenomena and that abounded in society, the importance of research lies in the fact that this topic deserves to be studied and treated.
Research objectives: Attempt to reach scientific results by studying this phenomenon, and ways to address it. The nature of the topic necessitated the need to divide the research into three topics. The first deals with the negative phenomena of the individual and methods of treating them through Quranic texts defining the phenomenon, and Islam’s view of negative phenomena. Bad company, the phenomenon of begging, the phenomenon of displaying women, the phenomenon of suicide.
As for the second topic, the research focuses on family problems and negative phenomena in it, and it has several demands, including: the phenomenon of parental disobedience, domestic violence, the phenomenon of divorce, and modern technologies and their impact on the family.
The third topic was talking about negative phenomena in society and the impact of the Qur’an text to treat them, including: uterine cutting, social separation, tribal and racial nervousness, and social hypocrisy, and then the conclusion and results of the research and the sources that were used to supplement this research
Key words: individual, family, society, negativity, phenomena

Imam Muhammad bin al-Hanafiyyah is Muhammad bin Ali bin Abi Talib. He have acquired his fame (Ibn al- Hanafiyyah) from his mother (Khawla bint Jaafar al-Hanafi), who she belongs to Banu Hanifa to distinguish him from his two brothers, Hassan and Hussein, the sons of Ali and his wife Fatima, may God pleased all of them.
So he is their half-brother. Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya have combined the perfection of masculinity, and merged in him the honor of lineage, due he is a kin of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and the honor of knowledge, and the honor of bravery and herosim cause he was the holder of his father's war banner. The The scholars have considered him the most reliable man in the narration of the hadith from his father Ali, may God pleased him.
Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah had scientific views on belief, Tafsir, fiqh and hadith, and his views in fiqh which collected had formed about seventy views. The part of the book of Funerals and Zakat and fast had ten views, which I compared with other sayings of scholars with a weighting of them.

Praise be to Almighty Allah. We praise Him and seek His help, seek His forgiveness and seek guidance, and we seek refuge in God from the evils of ourselves, and from the evils of our deeds, and whoever guides God, there is no misleading him, and whoever misleads, there is no guide for him, and prayers and peace be upon His faithful Messenger, our Master Muhammad, and upon his family and companions, and from him with goodness to religion one day.
The Qur’an and the Arabic language between them are clearer than they can be discussed. The Qur’an was revealed in a tool in the Arabic language and carried it to its limits and introduced it to expressions and cultures. As for the Arabic language, it in turn gave the Holy Qur’an a dimension that was not preceded by any precedent, and it was like me to utter it.
This reciprocal relationship and the Arabic language obliges it to study any Qur’anic study to the knowledge derived from the sciences of the Arabic language. The Arabic language that is spoken is simple, has the same level, has a body that it enjoys, has a set of Quranic values that it does not enjoy, and it is flexible or enjoys the same degree of global levels. It adheres to destiny and time, but it is part of it, and it is part of the linguistic paradise.

The advancement of life through the ages and the improvement of its social, common, monetary and actual frameworks has been joined by the improvement of science and studies that mean the foundation and frameworks of its establishing standards for a reformist structure measure that doesn't stop up to a living psyche moves and stands behind it.

We don't disregard reality, if we have declared that the advancement of science and studies in different fields of information stays reliant on the improvement of the arrangement of specific logical examination and its recharging over progressive ages, regardless of whether it is in total upgraded by the legacy factor of information or in an innovative manner dependent on the standards of shock and discovery.

In this examination, adequate light has been shed on the logical strategies that can be followed, paying little mind to their expense or decline, so we have demonstrated the suitable apparatus for research in Islamic sciences, and what is the degree of its effect on uncovering all purposes of the respectable Islamic religion, so we will locate that in the principal theme we will discover We will go to the spellbinding technique, at that point we will go in the subsequent subject to audit the narrative methodology, after which we will go to contemplate the discourse strategy, where we will manage three of the main logical methodologies that can be continued in Islamic sciences in detail during the sections of that exploration.

The study aimed at shedding light on what is the Caliph Al-Mutawakil on Allah had made of intellectual variables, which was a coup against the constants of his predecessors and it marked Al-Mutawakili's coup. And the vagueness of origin and trends and the fog of novels, as well ad the delay of the steps taken by the Caliph Al-Mutawakil to search and aim at the justifications, as well as the extent of its results, in terms of restoring the Caliphate Al-Mutawakil to its status, its repercussions and implications at the internal level, and the status of the Caliphate

Abstract
The study aims at introducing one of the Islamic movement pioneers in Iraq its intellectual production and methodology is described through its authors, speeches and lectures, this came through offering the little calls that started to sweep Iraqi society and the effect the negative minds and soured by the young, and publish it for the right Islamic thought, his writings also reminded Muslims of a progress the prophet of cod and their

Saudi-British relations have occupied a unique place in the history of international relations of Saudi Arabia since the establishment of the third Saudi state in 1902, but these relations have tended after the end of the Second World War towards the apparent tension due to a number of international and regional changes, especially border issues between Saudi Arabia Britain's role in not solving many problems after the announcement of its military withdrawal from the Arabian Gulf in 1968.
This paper discusses the directions of British policy towards closer relations with Saudi Arabia through the documents of the British Foreign Office, and the diplomatic efforts made by the British Embassy in Jeddah in order to promote rapprochement with Saudi Arabia in the political, economic and military fields.

Abstract :
Ibn Al-Balkhi (d.510 or 511 AH / 1116 or 1117 AD) was originally from the Balkhiyya family, but he immigrated in his early years with his family to Persia , and he was one of the historians and geographers who lived in that country in the late fifth and early sixth centuries of Hegira, during the rule of Sultan Muhammad bin Malakshah Al-Seljuki (498-511 AH / 1104-1117 AD), and in this historical period a large number of Scientists, historians and geographers emerged in Persia, and each one of them became famous in his field, such as: Al-Astakhri (died after 340 AH/951 AD), and Hamdallah Al-Mustawfi Al-Qazwini (d. 750 AH / 1349 AD), and Al-Samarkandi (d. 887 AH / 1482 AD) ... etc.
At the end of his life, during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Al-Seljuki, he wrote a book on Persia and called it (Farsnamah), which contains the history and geography of that country, and what helped him to write it was that he was close to the sultans and rulers of his time, when he held the position of Al-Mustawfi (i.e., the tax inspector) at the time of that Sultan, which allowed him to obtain a lot of information, whether historical or geographical, about Persia.
His fame began after he wrote this book, as it is an important source for historians and geographers, especially those who want to study Persia from these two sides. It contained much information about most aspects of this country from ancient times until the author’s age, and it includes a description of cities, areas, borders and the distances between them, the most important castles and towers, the rivers and lakes, as well as the conditions of the kings of Persia, their history and genealogies, and the stage of the Islamic conquests, as well as the conditions of the Shwankarah tribe and the Kurds of Persia, and at the end of his book he spoke about the kharaj of those countries.

The research deals with one of the companions Al- Nu'man bin Bashir Al-Ansari ( died A H ) , where it deals with the role and position of the great companion in the political events that the Islamic countries have experienced since the death of the prophet ( peace and blessings be upon him ) until his killing in the sedition that took place after the death of Yazid bin Muawiya and the waiver of his son Muawiya II of the ruling and the result of events and sedition suffered by the nation in all of Syria and Iraq and Hijaz, where he had prominent role and distinctive in those events
As for the approach he sought to address the subject , we divided the research into several topics . The first topic dealt with the proportion of the great companion and his birth and the status of his family during the reign of the prophet (( peace and blessings be upon him )) .
The second topic, in which we discussed the role of the great companion, Nu'man bin Bashir, in the political administration witnessed by the Rashidi era and analyzed historical texts, presented them and discussed them .
As for the third topic, we discussed the place of Nu'man bin Bashir in the Umayyad era since the succession of Muawiya until his death in the political events witnessed by the nation when Marwan bin al-Hakam took power and the ensuing wars and problems that claimed the lives of the great companions where he was one of its pole As for the results, we found that the great companion had a prominent role in the villages, where he held several position as a leader and sometimes a guarding and adviser, where he was one of the sons of illiterate and loyal to them, but in the last events to Ibn al-Zubayr when the Caliphate declared himself and fought to his side was killed in those events we touched on in the folds of the search .

Abstract
This research is concerned with the study of the economic conditions in Germany under the Nazi rule 1933-1939, the period that witnessed the arrival of the Nazi to the power led by Adolf Hitler, who was able, as a result of his political shrewdness and his dependence on advisors and experts, to save the country from the state of collapse and rupture that struck all the facilities and sectors of life in the country, foremost of which is the economy sector in its various aspects, which declined as a result of the sanctions imposed by the allies in the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Hence, Hitler and his government sought to reform the various aspects of the economic sector including industry trade and agriculture and make it a priority for their concerns because reforming the country’s economy, achieving self-sufficiency and eliminating unemployment is the basic way of reformation since the economy is the backbone of life and it is the key to reform all the facilities of political, economic and social life.Thus the main concern of Nazi's system is to save the country from collapse through out following econemic reformation steps which were very controlled and orgnized. These steps changed the conditions of Germany and made it a regional power to be feared by many countries in the world.
Keywords / Germany, Hitler , Economic conditions , Nazi rule , Versailles , Stresmann

affected the joints of the Ottoman Empire, as well as the economic and human capabilities and resources that this empire enjoyed, made it the focus of attention of many countries with economic capabilities, especially those countries that entered the stage of the industrial revolution and which had a surplus in production and sought to obtain resources France has priority in the markets for its products
The research deals with the development of the French financial system and the attempts of the French capital to search for foreign investments through active participation in lending to the Ottoman Empire by banks, in which the French had the lion's share. The research also deals with French industrial projects in the Ottoman Empire as well as French trade with them, then the obstacles that the French faced in achieving a broad influence that exceeds the British and German influences .

The research focuses on groundwater management and its relationship to soil quality by revealing some of the characteristics of groundwater such as salinity, groundwater level and depth, in addition to the potential characteristics of the aquifer, so groundwater, regardless of its characteristics, affects the quality of the soil, as the high level of salinity in the water and its proximity to the surface with the increase in temperature It works on the evaporation of water and keeps the salts accumulated on the soil, which makes it salty and thus turns it into desertified land. When studying these characteristics with the types of land cover it became clear that there is a very large relationship between wells that have a high TDS rate with a low depth of groundwater on the one hand and between the types The land cover with gypsum land, on the other hand, that these wells that were taken as samples are in gypsum areas with saline soil and poor vegetation cover, in addition to that the wrong human role in management through irrigation and others.

The research focuses on the application of modern technologies in proposing the best commercial location in the city of science, in light of the planning criteria necessary for this, which are (proximity and distance from the main streets and their engineering, population numbers, vacant spaces near main streets, current commercial use, traffic congestion), then These criteria were dealt with by means of the Euclidean Distance and reclassifying the values according to their importance in terms of proximity and distance from them, and then determining the degree of their relative importance according to their impact on the establishment of a proposed commercial site. The study found that the Abdullah al-Jabara intersection area is the most appropriate site for establishing a commercial site with the lower street leading to the al-Alam police station, with an area estimated at (25.6) hectares, as it fulfilled all the planning criteria necessary for the establishment of a commercial site, and the model designed according to the GIS software and within the analysis tools Spatial ratio of (90)%, depending on the field study, specifically within the questionnaire form.

Abstract
Information alone is not power. Rather, power is being able to obtain, process and retrieve its parts, by proficiently using information technology tools such as computers, the Internet and modern communication devices. There is no longer any doubt that possessing information technology is the path to society’s progress and prosperity, as countries become more Attracting investors who want to establish new projects as much as they have a base for rapid information and communication technology. Knowledge is according to the revolution
Informatics is no longer limited to a nation without others, nor to a group without another. Through the use of the Internet and daily communication, people in the north, south, east and west of the globe are able to learn about the developments of information interaction, and it can be said that another revolution, a psychological revolution, has been linked to those technological, informational and financial revolutions. No less influential, and it is a revolution of aspirations. Everyone aspires to living standards and living conditions in the most advanced countries, and hopes that everyone will participate in such standards of living. In sociology, the post-industrial society is the stage of development of society whose economy generates more wealth in the service sector than the industrial sector.
Post-industrial society is characterized by an increased appreciation of knowledge. This estimate in itself is not surprising, it was anticipated by Daniel Bell’s assumption about how economic employment patterns would develop in such societies.
It is repeatedly emphasized that a post-industrial society is one in which knowledge is power, and technology is the tool.
The research aims to understand the information revolution and its effects in our practical life. And knowing the ways to be followed to benefit from the positives of the information revolution. The research included: The first topic: the theoretical framework of the research. The second topic the accelerated informational developments. The third topic: the post-industrial society. The fourth topic deals with the implications of the information revolution on work. And finally, a summary of the research.

The current research aimed at identifying the level of school bullying and academic performance, as well as knowing the relationship between them among middle school students according to the gender variable (male - female). The research sample reached (150) male and female students, and the researcher built the bullying scale and after presenting the paragraphs to the arbitrators and statistically analyzing it, the scale in its final form became composed of four fields and (38) paragraphs . good
As for the second variable, academic performance, the researcher built the scale and after presenting the paragraphs to the arbitrators and analyzed it statistically, the scale became its final image in its form consisting of five fields and (40) paragraphs. After extracting the honesty of the two scales, the researcher applied the two scales to the basic sample of the research, and the results showed: - The sample did not have bullying behavior, and there is a good level of academic performance. There is a negative negative correlation between bullying and academic performance. Through the results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals

Those who follow the path of life and history of Iraqi society may have doubts about its exposure to crises and disasters that may have blown up many of its foundations, because this society has its legacy, history, men and its goods, which may not be ravaged by this huge amount of valuable and material stock any crisis or storm, There was not a period of time before it, and after it, political, social, economic and cultural crises won over this society, which made the Iraqi society a chaotic and unstable society in some of its cases, and it lives in a security vacuum and a vicious circle that may make it unable to negotiate, leap and settle again.The study revolves around the issue of security and insecurity, as the first represents the antithesis of chaos, and the second is synonymous with it. This study included the problem of the manifestations of chaos in Iraqi society, with definitions of chaos and social security ending with the outcome of that phenomenon from a bitter state of Iraqi society.

Abstract:
The aim of this study is to establish and measure college students attitudes toward peaceful coexistence in society and to realize statistical differences according to gender, specially and nationality.
Research uses (Descriptive Method) in which (260) students of male and females have been chosen as samples. With a random selection at college of education and Islamic science college at Salahuddin university. For the purpose of achieving the goal of the study, a scale for student’s attitudes has been created by a researcher which includes (42) items divided to (7) axes.
Conforming to the scientific methods of establishing psychological scales, face validity scale performed through using (percentage and K2) methods. Additionally, after gathering ideas of (12) experts, we got the scale reliability. We got the scale by test and re-test 81%. However, the percentage was different while using alpha crone-bch equation in which we got 89%.
Depending on statistical factors like (k2*T.test one sample, T.test for two independent samples, persons correlations, alpha crone-bch formula and simple-variance analysis, results show that the individuals. We have used in the study as samples have a high level in peaceful coexistence. Difference in statistical variation in student’s attitudes according to gender was in support of females. Also, according to specialty was in support of humanity departments. While there were no statistical differences according to nationality.

Abstract
The present study aims at finding out the reality Of the useing of modern Teaching aids and techniques in Teaching English language & the difficulties facing their use in the secondary stage from the point of view of supervisors of specialization and high school administrators in Kirkuk province. To Answer The Questions of The study, the Researcher prepared A questionnaire applied to the study population, which represents the supervisors of the English language, and managers of secondary schools in the center of the province of Kirkuk numbered (10) supervisor and educational supervisor and (88) and secondary director, and using the necessary statistical programs have been reached to several.
The results of this would be that the most technical means and equipment used by teachers is the mobile phone and computers to a very small degree and That The Degree of use of teaching aids by teachers in The educational process. The most important obstacles facing teachers of English language in the use of teaching aids and techniques from the point of view of supervisors and directors of secondary schools are technical because of the lack of maintenance of teaching aids and techniques in the school, they are aware of all what is modern in the field of modern means and techniques, and the researcher also found that there are no differences statistically significant between the responses of the samples on the overall study tool, and in The Light of The results obtained by The Researcher Recommended The researcher on; He also recommended the need to encourage the Ministry of Education, supervisors to urge teachers to use the tools and equipment in their educational learning tools in order to acquire students with practical experiences besides theoretical knowledge and encourage them more towards the material. Through the results obtained by the researcher, the research has come up with several recommendations, including: Attention and encouragement of teachers by supervisors and school administrations to use the modern means and techniques of devices and laboratories, as well as the researcher recommends the provision of teaching aids and techniques in general in schools and high schools in particular, and holding training courses for teachers by the Ministry of Education on teaching aids and techniques and their uses.

Abstract
The current research aims to identify the effect of the teaching journey model on historical concepts among second-grade intermediate students.
The researchers chose sample of (50) students from intermediate second year students in Abna'a Al-Iraq Al-wahid intermediate school, morning studies to the General Directorate for Educational Kirkuk province, has been distributed randomly into two groups by (25) students in the experimental group and (25) students in the control group, a researchers studied the experimental group by model teaching trip, and the control group in the usual way.
The subject matter identified Average contained in the Arab-Islamic history topics scheduled to be taught intermediate second year students, and in the light of its content, the researcher selected (15) historically understood subjects. The researcher prepared behavioural targets numbered (45) goal, in line with the objective of this research, the researcher developed a test to gain historical concepts of multiple choice be (45) items at a rate of three paragraphs for each concept of measure (definition, discrimination, the application), and its validity and reliability was verified Reached.
The researchers reached the following conclusion:
- There were statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group that studied conform to the model of teaching trip and the control group that studied in accordance with the normal way to gain historical concepts in the post test.
In light of the search result researcher recommended to benefit from the model of teaching trip in teaching for the delivery of study materials to the minds of the students, and the researcher suggested conducting the study of the impact model teaching trip in other variables such as scientific reconnaissance and intelligence successful, gender, achievement and inferential and critical thinking.

Abstract:
This study aimed to uncover the reality of using educational aids in teaching social studies at the intermediate level in the governorate of Kirkuk from the point of view of supervisors and teachers, in terms of the degree of availability and use, and the impact of some variables, and the study tool consisted of a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were verified, and the study sample was formed. Of (138) of them (26) supervisors and (112) teachers and schools were chosen by the random stratified method, and the results of the study reached a set of results, the most important of which are:
First: The number of educational aids required to teach social studies at the intermediate level reached (41) educational methods, and the degree of their availability from the teachers ’point of view varied between (high, medium, and low).
Second: The use of social education teachers for teaching aids in the middle stage, in general (total), came within the medium degree of use.
Third: There is a correlation between the degree to which teachers of a subject of social use in the middle stage of teaching aids, and the obstacles to their use.
In light of these results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: Providing educational aids in governmental middle schools, especially technical ones such as computer software and the Internet, activating their use, and organizing training courses for teachers on how to use educational aids, especially modern technology.

The research consists of the musical characteristics of children's songs in Iraq, Kurdistan as a model of five chapters: The first chapter of the research consists of the problem of research, which are the characteristics of children's songs in Kurdistan in the child's song, creative work and cultural and educational responsibility, and special and public attention must be paid to it to highlight its characteristics. The children in Kurdistan are considered weak and in most schools in Kurdistan, What are exploited by other materials labs to compensate students for missing lessons in that article at the expense of music and anthem so the researcher searches by analyzing these songs about the characteristics of the songs in Kurdistan. As for the importance of research there is great importance to this research because of the lack of academic studies on the children's songs in Kurdistan. On the other hand, the importance of this research in the portfolio is based on heritage, cultural heritage and non-loss. This research aims to identify the melody and musical characteristics of children's songs in Kurdistan. The research on the temporal limit from 1970 to 1990 includes children from 4 to 12 years and is limited to the song of the child in Kurdistan. There are some of the terms identified by the researcher in the subject of terminology. Chapter Two: consists of two sections. The first section of children's songs and their characteristics, then children's songs in Kurdistan and its types. The second topic consists of the scientific theory since the Middle Ages and the general foundations in the music of comparative peoples to learn about many methods of analysis and then to identify an academic message in Arabic and two studies in the form of a booklet in the Kurdish language in the subject of previous studies. The third section consists of the research community and its eye and chapter The fourth consists of models of analysis of children's songs and the number of songs. The fifth chapter consists of the results of the musical analysis, followed by the list of sources and references.

Abstract
Entitled titled (The Linguistic Evaluation Of The Kurdish Lexicography, dictionary of Mr. Zah Baiji as a model) we’ve studied one of the Kurdish dictionaries, in terms of the four linguistic levels (phonology), morphology, grammar, and semantics). We have also demonstrated the importance of studying of these dictionaries as a comprehensive linguistic study, and the evaluation of the lexicon industry by this dictionary. We have applied the analytical and the descriptive method. The importance of this study lies in that it is a brand new study which no one hasn’t preceded us to it, that’s why we have faced some problems and difficulties due to the novelty of the study. For this reason we have found that our work is only a modest work in the world of lexicography industry, and we must demonstrate the importance of these studies, the bases, the rules and the conditions that must be followed in the industry of the lexicon, and highlight the way by which the linguistic origins and the lexical entries can be enriched. In the course of writing the research, we encountered a number of difficulties, such as the other researchers who make their way early, due to the novelty of the subject, as we have pointed out earlier, which caused us not to obtain sufficient resources for lack of the resources in the Kurdish language, As we had to rely on the versions that are available and written in other languages such as Arabic,fersian,andEnglish…etc.
Further than that, the nature of the study required the division into four chapters preceded by a preamble. The first chapter was on the dictionaries and on the Kurdish lexicon, as it was divided to three topics. We studied in the first section the dictionaries in general. The second topic was about the Kurdish lexicon with a description of it in terms of history and types, the usefulness of it, clarifying the linguistic origins and the way by which the tools in the lexicon are organized. The third topic included the definition of the studied dictionary and clarification of some of its general aspects.In the second chapter, we studied: evaluation of the phonological aspects of the studied dictionary.The third chapter included two topics, the first topic was on the morphological aspects, and the second was on the grammatical aspects (the Syntax) in the studied dictionary too.In the fourth chapter which is the last chapter, we’ve studied the aspects related to the science of deliberation and pragmatics, as we’ve highlighted the identification of words in the fields of semantics, multi-meanings, such as synonyms, the common verb, the opposites, and the information contained in it in terms of identifying the proper nouns , villages, diseases, and games, etc.Our last prayers is praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds.
Best regards

Abstract

Kakay Falah was one of the modernist poets in the southern Kurdistan, he believed that all parts of national heritage and culture are important and effective resources to enrich new Kurdish poetry experience, so he cared and used it to improve his poem texts. In the perspective of this reality we prepared our research under the title of (heritage in the new Kurdish poetry, Kakay Falah's poems for instance) which is divided into two parts. First part under the "heritage in the new Kurdish poetry depending on Piramerd and Goran's poems" we focused on the reflection of heritage on the new Kurdish poetry. We made this part as an entrance to go into the second part of our research which entitled "heritage in Kakay Falah's poems "Hence we accurately explained the quantity and the quality of the advantages that Kakay Fajah took from all the parts of Kurdish heritage like:( Proverbs, Fictions, Songs, Stories, Culture and Plays), with using and depending of many resources we reached some important results that we have written as a conclusion.

Realism and Ahmed Hardi In this research, we try to address a literary study on the subject of realism and the term realism, which consists of the words (Real) and (Isem) in the sense of seeing the reality of society. The essence of this research consists of an introduction, two chapters and the results. In the introduction, it deals with the justification for the choice of the subject and the its importance and we dedicated the first chapter for the concept, the definition of realism, the history of its appearance in Europe and the reasons for its appearance with its characteristics and methods. While the second chapter consists of realism in the Kurdish literature and its appearance, taking examples of Kurdish texts and their characteristics in the Kurdish poetry and the reasons of the Renaissance and the life of the poet Ahmed Hardi and the reflection of the realistic school in his poetry. Finally, we discuss the conclusions and the results that we came up with about what prompted (Hardi) to merge with realism and we ask Allah to make our research a scientific gain for all who read it.

Abstract
This article falls within the framework of social linguistics. The main question in this article is about The status of the Kurdish language in the education system of the Kurdistan. Previous studies have attempted to find the answer. Then the theories related to the position of language are linguistically examined. In addition to obtaining the necessary samples, the teachers of the "Axtar", "Jmhury" and "Faxer" schools in Erbil were surveyed and the samples were collected. Subsequently, for the barrier collecting samples, the prepared table and the teachers' opinions were reviewed quantitatively, qualitatively and critically. It was important for this article to understand the ideas behind the Kurdish language's place in education, how these ideas came into being, how they were planned, how they were implemented, and what the result of this detailed program was on the Kurdish language.
In summary, it was concluded that the Kurdish language in the Kurdistan Region (ninth grade) education is in a good position, but it is somewhat declining and the maintenance and development of the Kurdish language in education needs more attention.
KEYWORDS: Linguistic Planning, Linguistic Status, Kurdish Language, The education system, Teacher.