Journal of Kirkuk University Humanity Studies

Abstract


Semiotics of pain in the Dialogue of the Characters:The Novel "The American granddaughter" as a model ‚by Inaam kachachi Summary .
Today ‚the need for applied semiotic studies is increasing due to the abundance of what it has reached at the theoretical level in terms of excess in theorizing ‚ translation and foundation ‚in addition to the importance of practising interpretation in search of the explicit and implicit meaning ‚submissive an sustaining from reading ‚pursuining it in the depths of the literary text ‚tracing its diverse paths and its countless semantic slips ‚which is infinite and limitless ‚as Emberto Eco says · And this is what this reading strives to approach by examining the discourse of the characters in the novel ‚The American Granddaughter ‚by Inaam kachachi.

Abstract
This study offers the verbal irony a new qualitative account within Conceptual Blending Theory of cognitive semantics. The study problem is how can meaning be constructed by the speaker and communicated to the listener via using opposing words for the intended meaning. The data is collected from Harold Pinter’s The Birthday Party play and analysed according to the Conceptual Blending Theory model through Introspection method. In this model, there are spaces: a generic, two input spaces and the blended space. The application showed that meaning construction in verbal irony is all done via a specific type of conceptual integration network, single-scope network, with five inseparably interrelated and supplementary mental processes. The first is building the two input spaces and achieving their mutual content from the generic space that contains encyclopaedic, background and/or discourse context knowledge. The second is holding an outer-space vital relation because of input spaces counterpart elements. The third is compression because of the input spaces distinct frames, and the fourth is a projection of a frame and elements selectively to the blended space as the input spaces elements and frames were separated with compression. The fifth is reframing the projected elements with the projected frame, that is the emergent structure and the actual meaning of the verbal irony. Thus, what is said is opposite to what is actually meant in verbal irony is all a matter of having distinct frames in the input spaces that causes conflict and contradictory outer-space vital relation which finally solved by either frame and elements selection or just frame-shifting in the blended space. The study also concluded that in the communication of verbal irony the listener takes the same conceptual network for the conception, but not necessarily moving through the network in the speaker’s order.

Abstract
This study explores the theoretically underdeveloped concept of Islamophobia found in early Renaissance English literature. More specifically, it is more concerned with roots of Islamophobia in William Shakespeare’s Othello. It draws its insights on postcolonial race theory, Orientalism, to prove Othello does commune with the controversial theme of Islamophobia.
Western critics described the union between the Moor and Desdemona as unsuccessful marriage as the bride is fair skinned and European and Othello is a barbarian Arab. Because of his black skin and oriental ethnic, Othello faces enmity, clash of races, and opposition of beliefs spiced with atmosphere of jealousy. As an “other” being, he becomes a scapegoat of a white man’s plot. Moreover, he is an Arab character not in the Arab world but in the Western world.
The main objective of the study is to identify the theme of Islamophobia found in Shakespeare’s Othello. To reach the research objective, the current study asks two questions. First, did Shakespeare know about Islam? Second, is there an Islamophobic theme in the play?
The introduction section will give some background information about Islamophobia (since it is a modern underdeveloped concept) including definitions, causes and some Islamophobic quotes of prominent Western figures. Then, it will investigate Shakespeare’s relation with Islam and Muslims. Finally, this study will adopt the postcolonial literary theory_Orientalism_ to prove the Islamophobic ideology found in Othello.
Keywords: Islamophobia, Shakespeare, Othello, Orientalism, Other

Abstract
This paper studies certaun vicabulary mentioned in the Glorious Qur'an or in other languages such as Arabic , Hebrew , Syriac , Coptic , Romainian , Nabataean languages.Such vicabulary do not give the intended meanings except in the Qur'anic context because they are related to the environment in which they are used. However , this does not mean that such vocabulary are not etomologically Arabic. In fact , such vocabulary are Arabic in origin since they are used in Arabic and this can be proved through their use in the Glorious Qur'an
Qur'anic expression , linguistic use , context related , Qur'anic miracle , language , semantics , historic specifics

Through three key characters, Amir, Assef, and Hassan, The Kite Runner
novel depicts how the societal strife in Afghanistan arose. These
characters exhibit interpersonal relationships as well as personal and
social turmoil. Due of their ethnic differences, Assef has disagreed with
Hassan, because of their social position, Amir and Hassan are
inadvertently contradicting each other. It demonstrates that social
conflict can be manifested not just by a social group as a whole, but also
by a single social interaction as the individual’s actions within a certain
social scope decides or determines the social structure of the society.
Furthermore, the inner conflict might symbolize a social conflict that
occurs in everyday life. Assef opposes Hassan, and Amir opposes Hassan,
in the societal struggle. This work also chronicles the story of two
children's social connection, which became embroiled in different
conflicts at the time. The social struggle that happens in this story is
intriguing for researchers to investigate. This study seeks to address the
social clash as portrayed by Amir, Assef, and Hassan.
The social tension shown in this work was illustrated through the social
relationships of Amir, Assef, and Hassan, according to the findings of the
study. It demonstrates the presence of social divides, which leads to
class strife, exploitation, and struggle. Differences in religion and ethnic
backgrounds in Afghanistan also contribute to the social strife. Secondly,
economic influence and personal interests in Afghanistan have become a
major source of social strife. Based on the novel's background, the study
also demonstrates how the economy influences social strife.

Abstract
This study aims to shed light on the reason for naming the Kharijites by this name, as well as to identify their most prominent poetic topics in which they excelled and not others, and the reason for their emphasis on these topics without others. traditional subjects and purposes, as well as shedding light on some changes in the introductions to their poems and the lack of interest in them, and their poetry tended to be short in verses. He made the poetic system with all its subjects for the sake of the external invitation only, and as a result they kept away from some topics that did not serve their cause and were not in line with their call, such as the poetry of tribalism and contradictions despite their widespread presence in the Umayyad era. Serving a single cause and a unified idea, which is to uphold the creed of the Kharijites in which they believe. key words

Kharijites - arbitration - purchase - poetic themes - features of Khariji poetr

Abstract



This type of analogy is shrouded in ambiguity because many fundamentalists do not care about its research,
and that the applications of this type of analogy are numerous that help researchers to apply this to the branches of jurisprudence.
The correct view is that the measure of expulsion and vice versa is the view of the public, because the inference is based on the legal evidence.
He mentioned the disagreement among the fundamentalists in the naming of analogy by analogy, and the issue in that is idiomatic, and there is no confusion in terminology.

Research Summary
Praise be to God and that is sufficient, and blessings and peace be upon the chosen Messenger, his family and companions, and those who followed his path and followed, and then:
Serving the Noble Qur’an is one of the best deeds whose reward is hoped for, because of the saying of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: “The best of you are those who learn and teach the Qur’an.” Therefore, our scholars from the righteous predecessors - may God have mercy on them - multiplied in that with an abundant share, and among their rights we have to highlight their efforts and deeds.
Among the scholars who enriched Qur’anic studies was Imam al-Suyuti, who spared no effort in interpretation. One of his most important books in this field is his book “Imam al-Diraya for the Readers of An-Naqayah,” which, like other books of al-Suyuti, did not have sufficient luck with studying, especially with regard to the science of interpretation, and this research is titled "Imam Al-Suyuti and his efforts in interpretation through the section on interpretation in completing the knowledge for the readers of the purity" .. I intended to study the efforts of Imam Al-Suyuti in interpretation through this book, which is a clear picture of the efforts of Imam Al-Suyuti in the field of interpretation.

Research Summary
Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon all his family and companions, and after:
This is a study and investigation of an important premise of the terminology of the noble Prophetic hadith, which the scientific need called for highlighting and showing it from the darkness of the shelves of manuscript libraries to the light of publishing, so that students of this honorable and blessed science may benefit from it, and I made work in it into two parts, namely: the study section, in which the author was known I mentioned his name, surname, birth, old age, his most important writings, and the investigation section.

Summary
Praise be to God, and may blessings and peace be upon our master Muhammad, his family and all his companions, and after:
One of the objectives of this research which I dealt with is “The effect of fainting on the jurisprudential rulers of worship, which included an introduction and three topics. The discussion is about the definition of fainting and the related expressions, which included five terms such as sleep, dementia and death. As for the second topic, I talked about the types of fainting and its causes, as there are different types of fainting, but the most common are the three types we mentioned briefly, while the topic The third was about the effect of fainting on the jurisprudential rulers of worship, such as ablution, prayer, fasting, zakat, Hajj, and then the conclusion, relying on the sources and references rich in this information.

Abstract:
The aim of this study the is to identify the efficiency of McCarthy model for acquiring the jurisprudence concepts of third stage’s students and developing their motivation to learn them, as the population of study consisted of (85) male and female students selected from the College of Education for humanities/ Dept. of Qur'an Sciences, and were distributed into two equal groups, by( 44) students of the trial group, which studied the model of McCarthy and (41) students and students of the officer group, which studied in the usual way.
To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared a test of jurisprudential concepts consisting of (30) paragraphs for the elements of the concept definition of the application), as the researcher adopted the scale of al-Jubouri (2009) to measure the motivation towards learning, and verified the researcher of reliability and stability of both, and after the implementation of the freedom of research applied the two tests applied after the individuals of the basic research sample, and after collecting the data and solving them statistically using T-test for two connected independent samples, the results reached of the following:
1. There is a statistically significant difference between the average of control group and trial group in the acquisition of doctrinal concepts and for the benefit of the trial group
2. There is a statistically significant difference between the average grades of the trial group and the control in the development of motivation and for the benefit of the trial group
3. There is a statistically significant difference between the applicants of tribal and dimensional test scores of the trial group who studied using the McCarthy model and in favor of the dimension and at the end of the experiment the researcher reached a set of conclusions, as the researcher recommended a number of recommendations and suggested similar studies with diversity in variables.

Abstract
Some studies have diagnosed a low level of students’ comprehension of concepts at various levels, which was inferred from the results of studies and research, and the researcher’s knowledge of the students’ level of achievement in chemistry from their records. In order to complete the scientific interest that may contribute to solving this problem, the researcher defined the goal of his research with the following phrase: “What is the effect of using concept maps in learning chemical concepts for fifth-grade students of science?” And in order to achieve this goal, the researcher developed an experimental design of the type of partial control with two groups. (control and experimental), and the research sample after parity consisted of (61) female students distributed over the two groups, where the experimental group (Division: B) studied according to concept maps, and their number was (30) female students, while the control group (Division: A) studied according to the usual method, and amounted to Their number is 31 female students. The research tool was prepared statistically and it is an achievement test to measure the extent of learning chemical concepts. The experiment was applied in the second semester and the achievement test was applied at the end of the experiment. After analyzing the test results, the calculated T-value reached (5.16), which is higher than the tabular value, which is (1.76). This indicates that there is a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group, which was studied according to concept maps. Based on the results of the research, the researcher recommended the use of concept maps in education by teachers of chemistry, and the inclusion in the textbook of maps that include the concepts of the book.
Keywords: concept maps, learning, chemical concepts.

Abstract :
The developed countries are characterized by the availability of green areas within their cities, as it is considered main condition for achieving well-being and improving the quality of life for their societies, due to their important functions (social, economic, urban and health) which are positively reflected on the life of the individual, family and society alike.
The successive Iraqi governments have worked since the sixties and seventies of the last century to develop Iraqi cities through their reliance on international and local companies and experts to developing master plans for Iraqi cities including Mosul city, but the bloody events that the country went through (wars, siege, occupation, corruption and weak rule of law And terrorism) since the eighties of the last century until now has negatively affected on the Iraqi cities and their communities, especially the Mosul city and their urban community, and has caused a number of urban problems, including the green areas (open spaces, parks and private gardens) and left negative reflections (social, economic, health and urban) affected on the quality of social life in the Mosul city.

Abstract
This program aimed at: developing creative written expression skills of second grade secondary stage students throughout carrying out a program based on Quranic stories.
To achieve the research goals, the researcher preformed the following procedures:
 A theoretical study of previous literature, studies and researches related to subject of the recent research.
 Designing a list of creative written expression skills of second grade secondary stage students.
 Designing a test for creative written expression skills of second grade secondary stage students.
 Preparation of the program based on the Quranic stories for developing creative written expression skills of second grade secondary stage students.
 Preparing a teacher's guide to implement the program.
 selecting the sample of students from second grade secondary stage students, and divide them into two groups: control group and the other is experimental .
 Administration of creative written expression skills pre-test to both the two groups (control and experimental).
 Application of a program based on Quranic stories to students of the experimental group while teaching the control group by the traditional method.
 Administration of creative written expression skills post-test to both control and experimental groups.
 Conducting statistical processing for both post- and pre-test scores, and the most important result reached was: The effectiveness of the program based on Quranic stories in the development of creative written expression skills of second grade secondary stage students.
The research finally presented a number of proposals and recommendations in the light of the findings.
Key Word :Quranic stories, creative written expression skills, secondary stage students

Summary of the research
The current research aims to (evaluate the social book for the first intermediate grade in light of life skills) by answering the following question:
What is the extent of availability of life skills in their various axes in the book on social of the for the first intermediate grade?
To answer this question, the researcher used the descriptive and analytical method (content analysis) to analyze the content of the social book for the first intermediate grade in light of life skills for its relevance to the nature of the research.
The current research is determined by the book on social for the first intermediate grade, and in order to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared the appropriate questionnaire for this purpose with its main and subsidiary axes, and the main axes (emotional, social, and mental) developed by UNESCO for Education, Science and Culture and other organizations. (13) A sub-axis distributed on the three main axes.
The list was presented to a group of referees and specialists in curricula and teaching methods, social and history, then the researcher analyzed the content of the modern and contemporary social book for the first grade average in light of the questionnaire that was built, and the content analysis included the social book of (1596) pages and adopted the idea as a unit for analysis and a repetition unit for the census .
And by using the (Scott) equation, the stability of the analysis was calculated, and after the analysis the researcher reached the following results:
The results of the statistical analysis resulted in the availability of life skills in its main and sub-axes, as mental skills ranked first and with a frequency of (1041) iterations and a percentage of (709. %) of the total occurrences, while social skills came second with a frequency of (370) iterations and a percentage Percentage (23,1%) of the total repetitions, and then emotional skills came first with a frequency of (94) iterations and a percentage (6%) of the total repetitions.
The researcher concluded the following:
A- That life skills in their various axes form a coherent unit that complements each other, which requires their availability in the social book in a balanced and fair manner.
B- There are some sub-axes that the book did not cover adequately.
According to these results, the researcher recommended reconsidering the writing of the book on social so that it achieves balance in its various axes and adopts modern approaches in building curricula that focus on life skills in all of its axes.
The researcher suggested making a study similar to the current study on social books in different school stages, and preparing programs for teacher training during service according to life skills.

Key words: - skills, life

Abstraact
Maulana Khalid Naqshbandiand his relationship with the Ottoman state.
Maulana Khalid Naqshbandi was born in a village belonged to Qaradagh village in the province of Sulaimaniyah. He was one of the eminent scientists who employed his thoughts to improve Islamic nation and called for the standardization and doctrine of the predecessor for so long. He became the icon of the guidance and science in Iraq and Levant; he inspired many people and taught hundreds of students, he became very famous in Iraq and the Levant in his time.

Maulana Khalid’s relationship with Ottoman state is under consideration and discussion, many of those who wrote in his biography believed that his relationship to the Ottoman Empire was unsatisfactory, but the documents confirm the opposite.
This research is a modest attempt for a new reading of the subject

Abstract
The monastery was a safe place for worship and asceticism for those who wanted to be cut off from the outside world, and living in it was permissible for women and men alike and from all classes of Byzantine society. Desire and free will are the most important components of staying in the monastery, so the church fathers set certain conditions for entering the monastery and women may be subject to To be tested for a certain period to ascertain the sincerity of their desire and their ability to bear the life of austerity imposed by monastic laws, but there were exceptions to entering the monastery imposed by the ruling political authority, which are cases of exile. This punishment became over time a phenomenon that accompanies every revolution or change of the political system. A large share of the forced stay and forced monasticism at the will of the ruler and regardless of the desire of those who intervened in the monastery, and the monastery was turned into an aristocratic prison in which services are available for women
Key words:The monastery.negation.Constantinopole.Anun. Byzantium.

Abstract
Political life in Lebanon and Iraq witnessed many developments between 2003-2014, affecting both countries. These developments were due to the demographic, religious and sectarian reality, as well as, internal challenges that exist in the two states and events , crises and external developments by international and regional intervention. these developments have negatively affected the political life of the two countries, affecting their path and the possibility of their developments and stability. Hence, the importance of the research in studying the similarities between Lebanese and Iraqi realities, and the international developments and interventions witnessed by the two countries through the use of the historical, descriptive and analytical approach.

Abstract
At the outset, it is necessary to point out the fact that the study of history in the Ottoman era in its various stages was limited to certain aspects, namely political, administrative and economic exclusively, without studying the rest of the other Ottoman institutions, foremost of which is the maritime activity that contributed to the consolidation of Ottoman rule, whether in the Asian continent or In Africa or Europe, the Ottomans, since their first inception, were characterized by a wild military character , Because the nature of their tribal society was in constant war. Also, its militarism emerged and encouraged it to pay attention to the maritime aspect, benefiting from its relations with the Greeks and Genoese who rented fishing and commercial ships to the Ottoman Empire. Over time, the methods of work and Ottoman military naval activity developed and became well-established military traditions and legacies that contributed to building major countries and then became one of the most important Later collapse factors.

Abstract

This study examines the personality of the king's brother (the minister) Sully in the Nabatean kingdom during the reign of the Nabataean king Ubadah III (9-30 BC) and Al-Harith IV (9 BC-40AD) and the extent of his influence on the political situation. This study deals with the concept of the king's brother in the Nabataeans. And the beginning of the emergence of Sully and his position in the Nabataean state, and Sulay’s relationship with the Romans and his role in the Roman campaign on Yemen, then Sully’s relationship with the King of Judea Herod, then his struggle for power after the death of King Ubadah III with King Al-Harith IV, then the Nabataean Jewish alliance and the end of Sully, then the evidence The archeology left by Sully

Abstract
The current research aimed to shed light on the (Verdun process 1973 and its impact on the Lebanese-Palestinian relations), that process that had repercussions that affected Lebanon internally and regionally, and caused a rupture in the nature of the relationship of Lebanon, government and people with the Palestinians on its lands, especially as we know that the Palestinians after their displacement They took Lebanon as the headquarters of their armed activity against the (Israelis), so the latter took this as a pretext to escalate his position towards Lebanon, and to carry out a retaliatory operation targeting Palestinian leaders present in Lebanon, on April 10, 1973, when an (Israeli) group carried out an important mission inside Lebanese territory called Operation Verdun. As a result, (3) Palestinians and (3) Lebanese army personnel were killed, another officer and corporal was wounded, and one (Israeli) was killed and (2) others were injured.
The research followed the descriptive historical method in studying the historical events related to the Verdun process and its repercussions, in addition to the analytical method to determine the impact it had on the nature of the Lebanese-Palestinian relations.
The research reached many results, including the occurrence of governmental and popular division in Lebanon, and the strained relationship between the Lebanese government and the Palestinian resistance, which later turned into a sectarian conflict that confused Lebanon's internal and regional conditions.
Keywords: Verdun operation, relations, repercussions, Palestinians, the Lebanese government.

Extract
The research deals with the study of the geographical region for students of the Faculty of Medicine at Al-Nahrain University for the period from 2017 to 2021. It appeared through the research that the services of the Faculty of Medicine at Al-Nahrain University in its departments, which numbered (11) departments, extend to (15) Iraqi governorates, and the percentage of students residing from the governorate Baghdad (56.1%) and the number of students (546), which is why it occupied the first place, and this is a natural result resulting from the occurrence of the College of Medicine - Al-Nahrain University in Baghdad, while the percentage of students coming from other provinces reached 43.9%, which are the provinces that have the effect of serving the College of Medicine . Dhi Qar Governorate ranked second with a rate of (11.7 percent) due to the quality of the services provided, as well as the location of the College of Medicine, which is located near a religious center (Al-Kadhimiya) and the provision of housing with suitable wages for students, which increased the college’s attractiveness. As for the third place, the Governorate came Diyala with a rate of (7.6%), and this is due to its proximity to the province of Baghdad, as it appeared through the research to distinguish three types of geographical regions (areas of influence) for the Faculty of Medicine at Al-Nahrain University, the first influence area, which constitutes the dense region and includes the province of Baghdad. As for the second area of influence or the wide region, it includes the governorates (Dhi Qar - Diyala - Karbala - Babil - Salah al-Din - Wasit). The number of students in the Faculty of Medicine during the years of the time period allocated for research from one year to another. This discrepancy comes to a number of reasons, including those related to the number of students, including according to the political situation, including those related to the conditions of the spread of the Corona virus pandemic in the count

Abstract
China and the United States have interactive geopolitical and geo-economic relations and geo-political civilization, which constitute a large area for Sino- American interaction. China and the United States need to strengthen mutual trust amid doubts and mutual cooperation amid differences, and the two sides need to work together to comprehensively promote constructive and cooperative relations.
Sino-US economic and trade relations have become increasingly important with the strengthening of the global hegemony of the United States, and the continuing rise of China's status as a developing power, the Sino-US relations have become the most important bilateral relationship in the world.
The research came to reveal the geopolitical and geo-economics factors affecting the Sino-American economic and trade relations and the changes in the US strategy towards China through the trade war.

Abstract
Wheat is considered one of the crops that are resistant to drought and high temperatures, as it is a main source of food in many countries of the world, and this is why wheat was obtained from the most widespread agricultural crops in the world. Its cultivation extended between latitudes 30-65 degrees north and 25-40 degrees south. In addition, its cultivation may extend further, as is the case in the northern hemisphere, as its cultivation extends to the Arctic Circle during the summer due to the melting of snow and the presence of soil moisture. Wheat cultivation requires a minimum amount of rain (100 cm) in hot areas and (75 cm) in tropical areas due to the high temperature and increased evaporation. As it was relied on a cartographic model through which it was possible to determine the most responsive areas in the production of wheat crop in Hawija district, as the research reached a set of results, the most important of which is that cartographic representation is a successful methodology in converting criteria and numerical variables into maps, and thus the map was transferred from the stage of clarification to the stage of Geographical thinking. As it was found that the agricultural land in the district of Hawija has a high potential to contain the cultivation of the wheat crop, due to the endemicity of the higher varieties that suit the natural characteristics in large areas of the district, about 65.5% for the types S1 and S2 for the wheat crop.
Keywords: cartographic representation, convenience, geographic information systems.

Abstract: This research dealt with the study of the natural and human factors affecting the protected agriculture in the province of Sulaymaniyah, and the study of the geographical distribution of the protected agriculture according to the districts in the province in order to reach the most important reasons that led to its spatial variation. The research also dealt with studying the problems facing protected agriculture and finding solutions to them. The study identified the most important protected vegetable crops prevailing in the governorate, as the cucumber crop ranked first and accounted for 80% of the production of greenhouses, followed by the tomato and winter vegetables, then strawberries, broccoli and peppers. It was also found through the research that there is a clear spatial discrepancy in the preparation and production of greenhouses due to a number of reasons and it appeared that the Sulaymaniyah district (the center) occupies the first place in the number of greenhouses, as their number reached (8133) houses and an area of 1492) dunams, as well as in the number of home owners, as their number reached (780) owners, especially in Bazian district of Sulaymaniyah district, as Bazian district acquired It ranked first in the number of homes invested in the cultivation of cucumbers, tomatoes, vegetables and broccoli.

Keywords: (spatial variation - protected agriculture)

Abstract:
This study relies on remote sensing (RS) techniques and geographic information systems (GIS) to assess soil erosion based on the intensity of water movement on the surface of the study area, starting with the creation of a geographical database of natural resources related to (hydro) erosion factors and their impact on land. Geographical techniques (RS) and (GIS) were applied to the study area, which is characterized by its ability to analyze spatial data in conjunction with a descriptive database to analyze water erosion and its impact on sediment production in the Tuz Gay River Basin, as erosion is one of the most important processes that constantly lead to change The surface of the earth and its characteristics, and the intensity of its work varies according to the factors that cause it and the areas in which it occurs. Cracks resulting from surface runoff can destroy agricultural fields.

Result

Mufty Penjweny was one of the well known poets who wrote about literature critisim but unfortunately no one take care of him, but after I had deeply studied his writing, I recognize that he will deserve to study his writing and then I had these results:

1. Mufty Penjweny was a classical Kurdish Poet who follow those tried lead Kurd to develop and wrote to make people to know about their aim's and their fate.
2. His writing was about the dream of Kurdish national governate like the Hagi's own political utopia.
3. Like Qanie poet who had wrote about his nations sorrow and difference society level's and who wrote about justice and equality of society.
4. In his writing he mentioned the important factor to built future, fate and he wants to change the fate and future of his nation and like Ahmed Mukhtar Jaf who was holding the progress utopia.
5. The poet like the other poets, like Hagi, had made an importance to their writing which give the reflect of society.
6. For their attitude they were ready to sacrifices by themselves for their writing to gain what they wanted to their nation.