Journal of Nabu

Research Summary :
The research problem was determined by answering the following question: What are the characteristics of the image in Islamic piantings accomplished during the Ottoman period? The first chapter also included, the objectives of the research: 1- To reveal the technical characteristics and characteristics of the Ottoman picture depicted in Baghdad. 2- Explanation of the evidence of the Ottoman image in Baghdad and its relationship to Islamic schools of painting. As for the limits of the research, the current research was limited to studying the picture depicted in manuscripts that were completed in Baghdad in the sixth century AD.
As for the second chapter, it included the theoretical framework, which contained three sections. The first dealt with the image in Islamic photography. The second topic dealt with the image in Islamic Arabic manuscripts, while the third topic dealt with the characteristics and methods of artistic elements in Islamic painting. Then the indicators to which the theoretical framework ended.
The third chapter contained the research procedures that included the research community, its sample and the research method, and then the analysis of the sample, which amounted to (2) models.
The fourth chapter included the results and conclusions of the research, and among the most prominent findings of the research: depicting animals and paying attention to their realistic details. The most important conclusions reached by the research are The Muslim artist\'s acquaintance with Islamic arts (pictures of miniatures) in Islamic countries and from previous periods of time had a clear impact on the artistic style, which varied in its characteristics and features according to direct and indirect quotations from these arts.
The Baghdadi painting showed patterns of Turkish and Persian fashion, since the history of Baghdad passed from Iranian rule to the Ottomans, and because of its geographical proximity to these two countries. Then recommendations and suggestions.
Keywords: Characteristics of the image, Islamic paintings, the Ottoman school.

Abstract:
Print design represents one of the printed media, each of which has its own environmental impacts as a product. The subject of the study included in its first chapter the problem that was summarized by the following question: (What is the environmental and social impact of print design?) with an explanation of its importance and its temporal, spatial, and objective limits. The second chapter included the theoretical framework of two topics, the first of which is the environmental impact. The third chapter included research procedures by adopting the descriptive analytical approach and adopted a group of axes representing the most important things mentioned in the theoretical framework in analyzing the samples. Then the research concluded by highlighting the results of the research through analyzing the samples, then the conclusions, recommendations, and proposals and a list of sources.

Abstract
Cognitive theories in interior design focus on modern, advanced technical ideas, represented by abstraction, which is the technical style that is based on deleting everything that would not affect the form. Therefore, many designs that appear in abstraction have emerged, as they are easier for the recipient to receive in the interior design of electronics store spaces in European countries (a model), and achieving the goal of functional and aesthetic design. Accordingly, the designer must have knowledge and familiarity with all modern technologies, by adopting the elements of abstraction. Therefore, the researcher finds a logical justification to address her topic in the research using the abstraction technique, so that the research problem can be formulated: What is the role of the abstraction technique in Designing interior spaces? While the importance of the research contributes to the concept of the abstraction technique and its demonstration in order to develop the interior spaces. The research also aimed to reveal the role of the abstraction technique in interior design. The third chapter included defining the research procedures based on the descriptive analytical approach, and the research community followed the selective, intentional method. The fourth chapter included drawing the results and conclusions of the research.

which came as a reaction against the methodology of previous performances, as it brought about an intellectual change similar to directness in addressing the minds of the recipients as a result of the loss of their humanitarian role as a result of the instability of the political, social, and economic conditions that have led to a crisis. From the suffering of the Iraqi person in general and the artist in particular, as it caused a kind of societal fragmentation as a result of the material deprivation that destroyed their ambition. Therefore, the role of the artist as an active element within his society was marginalized, and a group of artists appeared who embodied their pessimism about their life reality in general, so they took a new approach in presenting theatrical performances. Here the researcher shed light on this study.

Research Summary:
Topics and methods of treatment in the theaters of modernity coincide with the features of modernity in proportions that vary from one theater to another, in the theater of Stanislavsky is reality and how to deal with it, whether by returning it to the material and accurate conformity or looking at it according to metaphysics, the soul and the soul is the focus of conflicts and treatment in it, and in the Arab theater, its subject is of a national and popular character inspired by Arab history and local heritage, its material and means of expression, and its goal is to defend the Arab man and his presence in his land, and the researcher has sought to show how he treats The director's meaning and impact in the performances of the theater of modernity

Abstract:
Beauty is considere It is what elevates things from a state of stillness to a state of excitement. Through this, it aims to elevate the human being himself through the process of transcendence, self-refinement, and distancing him from everything that is low and low in level. Accordingly, art is a process of displaying Life with its problems, disturbances and conflicts that make a person live the aspects that exhaust himself. Therefore, beauty interrogates the things that give a person satisfaction, pleasure and the path to goodness. Just as art with its various aesthetics cannot live, continue and provide happiness to a person if It was not encompassing and included diverse and different styles. and different in colors, fashions, dialects, colors of nature, foods, etc. This diversity indicates the beauty of existence, Openness It is a cognitive aspect that gives humans the ability to deal with local and global things.

Abstract:
This study aims to study the role of drama series in documenting Palestinian oral history, and preserving this history, through analyzing the dramatic documentation of places, customs and traditions, characters, heritage, clothing, information and events included in the episodes of the drama series. This study used a descriptive approach to analyze of "Al-Taghriba Al-Filistinia" series, which relied on oral narratives of Palestinian events and stories that happened before and after the Palestinian Nakba period.
The study concluded that the dramatic treatment of oral narratives made the history of that historical stage more effective than written documentation, this stage became simulated images of reality stored in the minds of a generation of Palestinians who did not live through those events. It has also become a reference for them in understanding historical events, so drama contributes to preserving Palestinian oral history, which relies on oral narratives by simulating reality and transmitting it pictorially to younger and later generations, with the aim of knowing it and understanding those historical stages. In addition, the series dealt with important elements that contribute to preserving history and expressing a realistic image, as it was focused on depicting the prevailing customs and clothing of people in different geographical environments, social classes, and stages of time, as well as the events and information at that stage, the places and landmarks, and the symbolic simulation of the characters of that stage.

Summary
this research is concerned with studying (the interactive context of readiness in contemporary formation), with the emergence of artistic trends that have employed many techniques, including readiness in contemporary formation, which is the artist’s attempt to formulate an interactive context by exploiting the data of the surrounding environment and the influence it has on the matter that this context leaves in terms of visual sensations. In the eye of the viewer, which constituted the interactive context of readiness in contemporary composition of great interest and an important aspect of the problem of the current research, this research took place in four chapters, the first of which was devoted to clarifying the problem of the research, its importance, the need for it, and its goal, which was limited to identifying the interactive context of readiness in contemporary composition, and that Within a time period extending between the years 1950 - 1980, which is The era that witnessed the most important trends in contemporary art with a wide and rich output, which will be defined by the following trends (popular art, space installation art, conceptual art, and flux). The chapter ended by defining the terms
As for the second chapter, it included two sections. The first section dealt with: the interactive context and the technology of ready-made objects in art, and it included Two axes: the first dealt with: the concept of the interactive context and ready-made materials. The second axis dealt with: the technology of ready-made objects in art, and the third axis The second section dealt with: contemporary formation and the drivers of aesthetic impact, highlighting the most important interactive and technical contexts for readiness in contemporary artistic trends in post-modern art. The second chapter ended with the most important indicators, concepts and previous studies included in the theoretical framework
The third chapter came with the research procedures, which included the research community, which numbered (40) models obtained from many sources, contemporary art encyclopedias, and books, which was limited to the following trends: (popular art, space installation art, conceptual art, flux)... as well. To choose (4) technical models for analysis. Reaching the fourth chapter devoted to presenting the results, conclusions, recommendations, appendices, and Arab and foreign sources.
Results: The researcher reached results related to the research objective :
1. The aesthetic interactive context in contemporary composition is based on the interaction between the artistic work and the recipient, through influencing the psyche, given that the subject is related to the context of the artistic work and the aesthetic subject is related to the viewer. Thus, a dialectical relationship is generated between the artistic work and the viewer, moving from the artistic work to the viewer. And vice versa. As in the research sample models (1, 2)
2. Artists have used ready-made objects for their own sake in contemporary formation, and they have re-presented the ready-made through every day, marginalized real objects with a new vision and contexts. It has had an impact on the art movement, through the connection of the forms used within the artistic work with the daily, emergency, vulgar, and consumer objects and necessities that have value. Utilitarian use in daily life. As in the research sample models and (1, 2, 3)
Conclusions: Based on the results reached by the researcher, we find that the following conclusions have emerged :
1. The most important characteristics of the interactive context of ready-made in contemporary formation is the realization of the artist’s subjective aspect in dyeing the artwork using the ready-made technique in employing ready-made raw materials and materials in order to achieve everything that arouses shock, amazement and strangeness to the viewer .
2. The subject, form, or content is no longer the primary goal of the artist in achieving the interactive context of ready-made in contemporary formation. The artist can use a group of different materials and ready-made things that had no meaning before they were used, or they were used for purposes in daily life, and the artist employs them. According to his own technique and style, he places them with his subjects within an interactive context within the artistic work in contemporary formation, to transform the ready-made into an artistic achievement by manipulating new forms, with the aim of satisfying his aesthetic taste

Abstract
The research discussed the comprehensive effect of employing natural and industrial materials in the design of interior spaces by stressing the basic features of materials (shape, pattern, texture and color), and the extent of their aesthetic impact on interior spaces By making a comparison between the characteristics of natural and industrial materials. Emphasizing the importance of the visual aesthetics of materials in interior design based on the aforementioned variables. The research started from an important research problem in the comprehensiveness of studying the physical properties of natural and industrial materials and emphasizing their mutual influence in space design. The nature and importance of visual aesthetics in the design of the interior space, the role of materials in shaping the visual attractiveness of space, the importance of sensory experiences in space, and the nature of natural and industrial materials were discussed by focusing on the properties (shape, pattern, color and texture). As well as the psychological impact of the use of natural materials and the cultural and technological role of industrial materials. The comparative approach was adopted in analyzing the sample, and a number of results and conclusions were reached, The most important of which was: The models are distinguished by the characteristics of their natural materials that were used in their formation, as having irregular formal features resulting from the natural composition of the formal material variables. As for the industrial materials that were used to create the models, it was found that their shapes are regular and within regular characteristics arranged in regular forms. The contrasting qualities of natural and artificial aesthetics resulting from the use of materials generate multifaceted experiences that cater to diverse emotional states and contemporary design preferences. From the soothing embrace of natural elements to the stimulating appeal of stylish industrial surfaces, users can find spaces that match their mood and needs.

Abstract
Pun is one of the problematic terms that appear implicitly and explicitly in many linguistic uses. It is one of the ancient grammatical terms that the researcher finds necessary to employ as a contemporary critical term through which he can access the content in the artistic work and re-read it through the structural analysis of the artistic work. And the objective limits of the research by studying the puns related to the reception of plastic arts works in Iraq, and the temporal boundaries (1980 AD - 2010 AD) and the most recent period that can cover the contemporary period, and then defining and defining the terms. As for the second chapter, it is (the theoretical framework and previous studies) including It consists of two sections, the first section is the concept of puns, and the second section is contemporary Iraqi painting, and then came the third chapter (research procedures) and the researcher chose (2) artistic works that the researcher analyzed as a sample, and the fourth section came (results and conclusions), including (puns are one of the methods to address the idea With the aim of placing the inner meaning behind every artistic subject that conceals what he wanted to reveal, its beginning was represented by the Cubist movement.

Summary:
The research entitled: (Functional overlap and its adaptive repercussions in interior spaces - small houses as an example) dealt with the topic of cases of functional overlap in the design of small-sized interior spaces and methods of adapting them to include more functions than the functions specified for them according to their areas and boundaries.
The research included four chapters. The first chapter included the research problem, which was defined as: How can functional nesting fulfill the function required of it in an adaptive manner in the spaces of small homes? Its importance was identified in: contributing to studying the idea of functional overlap in the interior spaces of small homes. Its goal was to reveal the role of functional overlap and adaptation mechanisms in the spaces of small homes. As for the second chapter, it consisted of two sections. The first section included the title: Functional overlap in design, while the second section was titled: Adaptation in small interior spaces, after which the indicators of the theoretical framework were presented. In the third chapter, in which the methodological research procedures were presented, it included the research methodology, the research population, the research sample, the research tools, and the validity and reliability of the tool, after which the selected sample was described and analyzed.
The fourth chapter includes the results and conclusions of the research, sources and references.

Research Summary:
The research included four chapters, the first chapter explaining the problem of the research, its importance and need for it, the goal of the research, its limits, and defining the most important terms contained in it. The research problem was defined by answering the following question: Is it possible to analyze depictions of the prophets in the art of Islamic manuscripts and reveal the symbols and meanings contained in them? What are the manuscripts that contained pictures of the prophets on their pages?
The second chapter was concerned with the theoretical framework, as it included two sections, the first section (Islamic art, Islamic schools of photography.
The second section (names of some manuscripts that contained pictures of the prophets, scenes of religious preaching.
The third chapter included the research procedures, which are the research population, the research sample, the research tool, the research methodology, and analysis of the research sample.
As for the fourth chapter, it includes the research results, conclusions, recommendations, and proposals, and among these results and conclusions we will mention.
1_ Pictures contribute to providing a means of religious communication and conveying religious messages visually, which enhances understanding and spiritual influence.
2_ Islamic art is an important source for expressing religious and spiritual meanings. Images of the prophets represent an important part of this expression. Therefore, the Muslim photographer was interested in introducing these religious themes, including religious stories, biographies, and arousing feelings with what is sacred, preaching, lessons, intimidation with fire, and encouragement. In Paradise and urging souls to obey.

Abstract:
This research, tagged with (the aesthetics of excavation in the Atabeg era of Mosul), contained four chapters, the first chapter of which concerned the general framework of the research, represented by the research problem by answering the following question: How was the aesthetics of excavation embodied in the Atabeg era of the city of Mosul? It also included the importance of research and the need for it, and its aim was to identify (the aesthetics of excavation in the Atabeg era of Mosul), while the limits of the research were limited to studying the aesthetics of excavation in the Atabeg era of Mosul for the period (543 AH to 629 AH), and the first chapter ended with defining and defining terms.
As for the second chapter: it included the theoretical framework for research and previous studies, as it contained three topics. Metal artifacts, and the second axis: methods of execution on stone, the third axis: methods of implementation on plaster. As for the third topic, the title included: Methods of engraving on stone in the Atabeg era, and it was divided into three axes that included, the first axis: methods of implementation on stone, and the second axis: methods of implementation on metal artifacts, the third axis: methods of implementation on plaster, up to Indicators theoretical framework.
As for the third chapter: it included research procedures in which the researcher identified the research community, which included (30) models of sculptural work, and chose (3) models for analysis intentionally, as well as the research tool.
As for the fourth chapter, it contained the results and conclusions that the researcher reached through analyzing the research sample, which focused on the indicators of the theoretical framework.
The researcher reached the following results:
1- The botanical decoration, at the beginning of its emergence and implementation, was characterized by the imitation of nature and its distance from modification, as it became with all its units and elements one of the important Islamic decorative models that were widely spread in the field of Islamic plastic arts, especially in the city of Mosul.
2- Diversity in encasing and inlaying metal artifacts of silver and gold to add to red copper, which makes the multiplicity of colors overshadow the character of the variety of executed materials to highlight the beauty and quality of displaying metallic artifacts.

Summary:
Perhaps after modernity left the theater to a new concept, which is postmodernism, which is not based on consecration but rather on proof and death. Most of the postmodern shows were shows that attack value and uniqueness and return to nature, the first image, and spontaneity, and this is what suits psychodrama as a therapeutic method that uses drama. In treatment, this use is an uncontrollable use, and this uncontrollability is a companion of post-modernism. The psychological transformation in post-modern performances is a clear transformation because they are performances that embrace improvisation, and improvisation is a statement that is close to the soul or an implicit action that needs to be revealed, so psychodrama came to contain this type of treatment. Work on the self has emerged among many directors and has varied from one to another, and theorizations have been established. Some of them are on the actor and others on the audience, the text, and the form. Thus, this transformation that characterizes psychodrama as the processor that contains all has come in several models, some of which relate to the show and its components, and some of which relate to the audience and its psychological state or the time and place of the show. From here, the question crystallizes: What is the psychodramatic transformation in postmodern shows? Then the research consisted of the second chapter in two sections, the first included methods of treatment in theories of psychology, the second research on the psychological transformation into checkers, the third research the mechanisms of applying psychodrama in shows such as post-modernism, then the third chapter included the research community, which included the research sample, then the chapter concluded with the research models.
1_ Reaching the stage of innate disposition through psychodrama
2_Improvisation is the closest thing to the soul and is sufficient to treat it
Then it concluded with conclusions and a list of sources

Research Summary
The current research studies “the effect of using the Klausmeier model in developing the academic achievement of the educational design subject for students of the Department of Art Education.” The current research has the importance of revealing the relationship of educational design to developing the academic achievement of students and clarifies the accuracy and organization of the Klausmeyer model in education. This study is also a serious scientific attempt to contribute In developing the fields of education, the current research aims to identify the effect of using the Klausmeier model in developing academic achievement in the educational design subject for students of the Department of Art Education in the College of Fine Arts. It is determined chronologically in the year (2022-2023) and spatially (Iraq / College of Fine Arts, Babylon) and objectively as a study. The impact of the Klausmeyer model on developing the academic achievement of students of the Department of Art Education for graduate studies/Master’s studies in the subject of educational design. The researcher studied, within the framework of her theoretical research, two sections: the first, academic achievement and its relationship to educational design. In the second section, the researcher studied the Klausmeier model. The researcher gave educational lectures in the usual manner and applied the pre-test, which I designed it according to the achievement schedule, then I designed educational lectures according to the tasks of the Klausmeier model and applied it in teaching the subject of educational design for postgraduate/master’s students. I conducted the same test as a post-test and came up with results that I discussed and expressed with illustrative diagrams. Then I came up with conclusions, the most important of which was that there is a positive effect of using the Klausmeier model in developing The academic achievement of the educational design subject for graduate students in the Department of Art Education and the possibility of using the educational content for the teacher in teaching the educational subject and for the student in self-learning. The researcher proposed several proposals and made some recommendations, then footnotes, sources, and appendices

Abstract
This research dealt with the study of the systematic destruction of organized destruction in contemporary ceramics. The study consisted of three chapters. The introduction represented a complete methodological summary, within the general framework of the research, and included the introduction that summarized the time periods in the period of modernity and beyond, which established the hypothesis of the problem, what is the destructive strategy that provides steps Regular formal change in contemporary plastic arts represented a way to answer questions raised by the researcher. The importance of the research also lies in considering it part of the plastic arts movement that reveals the sources of creativity in the artistic stylistic transformations that accompanied the beginnings of modernity and continued until post-modernism. The research aims to achieve a systematic reading. Destruction of the ceramic visual text and revealing the secrets of the form when it leaves its virtual reality. In addition, identifying the artistic texts that presented their forms in a contradictory and complex form, far from their traditional form.

Abstract
This research is concerned with the study of (axiology in prophet Mohammed's (PBUH) speeches and its applications in contemporary Iraqi art), and it falls into four chapters. The first chapter is devoted to (explaining the research problem, its importance, necessity, aim, limits, and identifying the terminologies contained in the title and their definitions). While the second chapter includes the theoretical framework entitled (Axiology, a vision or a reality) and includes the axiology in each of (the Holy Quran, Al-Hadith Al-Sharif, contemporary Iraqi art…). The third chapter is concerned with the research procedures that include (the research community which amounted to (28) visual artistic works, the research sample which amounted to (3)
contemporary Iraqi works, and the analysis of the sample). The fourth chapter involves the research results, conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

Abstract :
The current research consists of four chapters, the first of which is concerned with the statement of the research problem, which was determined by answering the following question: What are the dimensions of the concept of horsemanship and its representations in the productions of the art of lithographs by the sculptor Marino Marini?
And the importance of research and the need for it, then the research goal represented in - identifying the concept of horsemanship and its representations in the productions of the art of lithography by the artist Marino Marini .
Then the limits of research 1955-1980 and definition of terms, while the second chapter included two sections;
The first topic: chivalry and its representations in art throughout history.
The second topic: the concept of horsemanship in the art of the sculptor Marino Marini, then the indicators that the theoretical framework concluded with, and the third chapter included the research procedures represented in the research community, the research sample, the research tool, the research methodology, and then the analysis of the research sample amounting to (5) models of printing products Stoneware by artist Marino Marini
As for the fourth chapter, it contained the results of the research, including;
1- The artist defines the shapes in the print with precise outlines, and defines the horse with thick black lines to express the emotional separation between him and the rider, while others try to reconcile them .
2- There is a strong struggle between the rider and the horse, which turned into a bizarre two-headed object to express hidden concerns that confirm the separation between the two entities in the era of modernity and the deterioration of their close relationship since ages.
Conclusions;
1- The artist deals with his subjects with a lot of reduction and abstraction to give his works an expressive power that reflects the feeling of alienation as a feature of the era of modernity. As well as recommendations and proposals, an index of research sources, and a summary of the research in English.

Research Summary
Moral values are an important and effective element in shaping and building society because they have a great impact on building a human personality that is effective and positive in that society. Moral values are the motivation and motivation behind human behavior in the correct expression of human identity through its application on the ground. So they were The Husseini condolences and the moral values they carry within them embody the nobility of the Husseini cause, which was nourished by the nobility and morals of their grandfather Muhammad (PBUH), the fountain of great morals throughout the ages. Imam Hussein’s message was closely linked to heaven as a spiritual force that perpetuates the connection to the values of heaven. What distinguishes Husseini condolences performances is the director’s vision and the composition of the visual image of the theatrical performance, which highlighted the moral values that express the sincerity of the meaning.
By starting from the artistic truth of the events and symbols represented by the immortal incident of Al-Taf, which can be said to be the rich heritage rich in those values, this is what prompted the researcher to study the moral values and the vision of the director in the Husseiniya Condolences Theater, the Al-Hussein II Festival as a model, as a system rich in those values and making it a worthy phenomenon. The study and this phenomenon indicate a problem identified by the researcher in the following question: (Did the directorial vision in presenting moral values rely on the references of the Husseini theatrical rituals, or did it take a theme in coded directorial formulas?) As for the importance of the research and the need for it: The importance of the current research stems from the fact that it: sheds light on Moral values in their historical reality, the values they carry in reality, and the effective impact they have through which the director can explain the values they carry. In the artistic arena and the Husseini condolences theater in particular.
As for the second chapter, the researcher tried to establish a theoretical framework from two sections. The first section dealt with moral values...the concept and application in the field of art and literature. As for the second section, the drama of Husseini condolences, and then the researcher extracted in the second chapter the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework. .
In the third chapter, the researcher conducted his research procedures, specifying the population, the sample, and the research tool according to what is appropriate to the nature of the research, and then he analyzed the research sample (on the side of the road).
The fourth chapter included the research results, conclusions, and a list of sources.

Summary :
Wallpaper is considered one of the latest decor trends because it adds wonderful aesthetic touches to the walls after installation, especially if it matches the rest of the room’s decor, furniture, and the colors of its remaining walls.
As for the child’s room, where he spends most of his time resting, relaxing, playing, and doing daily activities, the wallpaper in his room means more to him than just adding an aesthetic touch to the room.
Therefore, the researcher decided to conduct a modern scientific study on the aesthetics of three-dimensional wallpaper and how to employ it in children’s bedrooms in a beautiful, modern style that combines the aesthetics of design with the functions it performs. Therefore, the researcher selected (5) models for a random sample that was selected, representing 10% of the original population, and some were excluded for reasons mentioned. The opinions of experts in the field of specialization were taken in the form that was prepared for the purpose of analyzing the samples, and it was approved unanimously after the researcher conducted a preliminary analysis of the samples. Others with experts, and the most important results were reached, including:
1- The visual balance in the colors of the 3D wallpaper provided visual relief to the child’s eyes and attracted his attention.
2- The aesthetic of 3D wallpaper appeared through its strong competition with hand-painted drawings.
3- The ability of 3D wallpaper to create an optical illusion, which makes the shapes appear realistic and three-dimensional, excites the child.
The researcher also recommended the following:
1- It is necessary to involve the child in his choices of wallpaper for his room so that he can treat his room as his own world.
2- The necessity of introducing the topic of 3D wallpaper design into the academic subjects and curricula of the Design Department, especially the subjects of printing design and artistic appreciation.
The researcher suggested the following:
1- Conduct a comparative study between the design of three-dimensional and two-dimensional wallpaper for the living room.
2- Simplicity and reduction in the design of three-dimensional wallpaper and its role in changing contemporary design thought.

Research Summary
This research is concerned with studying (features of scenography in the art of photography) and includes four chapters:
The first chapter was devoted to: clarifying (the research problem - the importance of research and the need for it - the goal of the research - the limits of the research - identifying and defining terms). The research problem was summarized in answering the following question: (What are the features of scenography in the art of photography).
The importance of the research was evident in the fact that it benefits those interested in the plastic art movement in general by reviewing the results and conclusions of the research.
The researcher found that there is a necessary need for this study, which is that the subject has not been studied in such detail, and to provide scientific material that meets the needs of Iraqi libraries.
The research has a comprehensive goal: identifying the features of scenography in the art of photography. As for the limits of the research, it may be determined by studying the features of scenography in the art of photography.
The second chapter included the theoretical framework, and previous studies and their discussion. The second chapter dealt with two sections: the first topic: the concept of scenography, and the second topic: the movement of photography. The chapter also included the indicators that the theoretical framework and previous studies concluded, while the third chapter was devoted to research procedures. Which included the research population of (15), and the research sample of (1) models in order to achieve the research goal with a percentage amounting to (15%) of the community’s work population based on the intentional method, then the research methodology, the research tool, statistical methods, and analysis of the sample models).
The fourth chapter included the research results, conclusions, recommendations, and proposals. Among the results reached by the researcher are:
1. The features of scenography are embodied in simulating daily life and conveying it to the recipient through visual formation.
2. The interaction of photography, its formal outputs, and the diversity of its techniques with postmodern arts by entering directly into the heart of expressive language and display techniques as a new means of aesthetic communication with the recipient, and this urgent interaction captured the attention of the artistic audience.
Among the conclusions:
1. Scenography related to photography focuses on flexibility that makes imagination a starting point for realizing the photographer’s hidden desires, through his formulation of the compositions and shapes that formally constitute his artistic product.
2. The technical development in the world of digital, communication techniques, and the speed of circulation of files, images, and news followed, which resulted in acceleration and great leaps in which no idea or style was stable. Rather, the artistic work began to interact with every political, economic, and social event.

Research Summary
This research is concerned with studying (the transformations of the political image in European painting) and includes four chapters:
The first chapter was devoted to: clarifying (the research problem - the importance of the research and the need for it - the goal of the research - the limits of the research - identifying and defining terms). The research problem was summarized in answering the following question: (What are the transformations of the political image in European painting).
The importance of the research was evident in the fact that it benefits those interested in the plastic art movement in general by reviewing the results and conclusions of the research.
The researcher found that there is a necessary need for this study, which is that the subject has not been studied in such detail, and to provide scientific material that meets the needs of Iraqi libraries.
The research has a comprehensive goal: identifying the transformations of the political image in European painting. As for the limits of the research, they may be determined by studying the transformations of the political image in European painting.
The second chapter included the theoretical framework, previous studies and their discussion, and the second chapter dealt with three topics: the first topic: the concept of politics, the second topic: the concept of the image and its structural elements in drawing, and the third topic: European drawing. The chapter also included the indicators that the framework concluded. Theoretical and previous studies. As for the third chapter, it was concerned with the research procedures, which included the research population of (80), and the research sample of (7) models in order to achieve the research goal with a percentage of (11%) from the community’s work community in the intentional method, then the research methodology, and the tool Research, statistical methods, and sample analysis).
The fourth chapter included the research results, conclusions, recommendations, and proposals. Among the results reached by the research results
1. Political transformations affected the images of European people’s suffering from the horrific scenes of the war that they lived and shared in its tragedies, scenes of the dead and wounded and their painful suffering, scenes of fear and terror, pain and tragedy, which became the subjects of their oil paintings and prints. Human forms appeared, expressing the emotional instinct that was clear, including the contents of feelings. I appeared.
2. The life instinct was represented by positive aspects of the political image that appeared in various topics, religiosity, achieving values, human rights and dignity, and freedom.
Conclusions
1. Technology, mechanics and alienation; Its influence appeared in Cubism and Surrealism, and the concepts of “inhumanity” or inhumanity, and dispensing with the human standard, also affected these artistic styles. Trends of sarcasm, free play, formalism, ugliness, distortion, and aggression were widespread in modern art.
2. Things that witnessed further development in the humanity of modernity, where they were distinguished; With the crystallization of the social and human sciences, the discovery of the diversity and pluralism of cultures, and the exploitation of this in the development of society, and its adherence to freedom was its approach to producing new knowledge, new facts, and new art as a strong reaction to the ideologies brought by modernity.

Research Summary

The art of ceramics is one of the oldest arts known to man since ancient times, and it is one of the arts that has been circulated by people throughout historical times. Raw materials play an important role in the production of ceramic art in terms of the multiple stages it passes through and the features that distinguish it from other arts, the most important of which is the slow burning of the pottery body, the method of its manufacture, and the materials. It is used, specifications, and temperature, in addition to its many uses, as it is used in the field of manufacturing beautiful vases, dining utensils, and sculptures, The topic of the research dealt with the aesthetics of colored clays in the ceramic form, and it is necessary to talk about the effect of the colored clays on the ceramic form, because of their distinctive role in imparting aesthetic values to the ceramic form. The role of raw materials in the ceramic industry must be ascertained, and from here the colored clays have a significant impact on Ceramic form, and make it of artistic and aesthetic value.
The research contained four chapters. The first chapter was concerned with the methodological framework of the research, represented by the research problem, which was revealed through a problem based on the following question: What are the aesthetics of colored clay in the ceramic form as a new material that provides an opportunity for creativity to enrich the ceramic form artistically and aesthetically? The chapter also contained the importance of research and the need. To him, and the goal of the research is (to reveal the use of colored clays and their aesthetic impact on the ceramic form).
While the boundaries of the research were limited to the objective boundaries that include ceramic works executed with colored clay, the spatial boundaries represented by international ceramics, and the temporal boundaries that were between the years (2014 - 2020), and the first chapter ended by defining the most important terms included in the research.
The second chapter: represented the theoretical framework and its indicators and contained five paragraphs, which consist of:
1- Clays in ceramics 2- Color in ceramics 3- Coloring materials in ceramics 4- Methods of shaping with combined clays 5- Method of marbling with liquid paint. The chapter concluded with a set of indicators that emerged from the theoretical framework.
The third chapter included the research procedures, by defining the research community, which included four examples of international potters that were chosen within the research title marked (Aesthetics of colored clays in the ceramic form), which were based on books, sources, and the Internet, and the analysis was done based on the research tool, which It was built according to the indicators of the theoretical framework, which is the summary of the theoretical framework. The research ended with the fourth chapter, which included a number of results and conclusions, as well as recommendations and proposals assumed by the researcher. Finally, a list of sources included in the research was included.

Abstract
The current research dealt with (narrative and its representations in the scenes of ancient Egyptian wall paintings (the tomb of Queen Nefertari as an example), by studying the elements of narrative in the scenes of the wall paintings of the tomb of Queen Nefertari, the Nineteenth Dynasty under the New Kingdom. Therefore, the researcher sought in the first chapter to clarify the research problem Which was determined by answering the following question: “What is narrative and how is it represented in the scenes of ancient Egyptian wall paintings (the tomb of Queen Nefertari as an example)?”, Then the researcher concluded the aforementioned chapter by defining the terms that are directly related to the research title and objectives. The second chapter included a presentation of the theoretical framework and indicators. It consisted of two sections. The first section established the concept of narrative. The second section dealt with the characteristics of ancient Egyptian wall art. The third chapter was devoted to monitoring the research community and the tool that included collecting information, so a sample of it was adopted in an intentional manner, There were (4) works that covered the limits of the research by adopting the descriptive analytical approach for the purpose of analyzing them according to the axes of the analysis tool adopted by the researcher. As for the fourth chapter, it included the results of the research, including: 1- All sample examples of narrative fresco scenes included imagined doctrinal messages stemming from ancient Egyptian thought addressed to Queen Nefertari in particular to grant her eternal life and help her cross the path towards the eternal world with the blessing of the gods. It is also directed to the recipient to contemplate the greatness of ancient Egyptian civilization. And then the conclusions emerged through which the possibility of achieving the research objectives through the tool designed by the researcher, including: 1- The ancient Egyptian artist enriched the value of the imagined messages emanating from the scenes of the wall paintings of the tomb of Queen Nefertari, by attracting form and content and escalating the narrative dialogue by adding hieroglyphic writing in describing the event

Research Summary:
Decoration is one of the most used elements in the decorative fields, especially those related to the formal side of the holdings, as the current research, consisting of four chapters, dealt with the subject of decorative uses in ornaments and jewelry. Research Title. The second chapter, the theoretical framework, included a statement of some topics related to decoration from a design and functional point of view, especially in jewelry and gold jewelry. The third chapter deals with the methodology of the research, as the researcher deals with the research community, the selection of research samples from the original community, and the construction of a special form for analyzing samples according to the axes set by the researcher. The form was presented to a number of experts to indicate its suitability for application. As for the fourth chapter, it contained the results of the research, including: 1- The possibility of employing the majority of the decorative types used on jewelry and ornaments, in accordance with the nature of the material, whether it was stone or metal, or both. 2- The existence of designs for some ornaments whose basic formal strength is only geometric or vegetal decorative formations only, and they serve as cradles for written texts, names or stones on which they are mounted at a higher level. 3- Using simple decorative elements of a geometric nature to produce decorative bands that are useful for decorating some jewelry, especially the (earring) area for rings and the entire circular band for bridal rings. Conclusions and proposals and ended with a list of sources used to enhance the research.

Abstract
This research generally deals with basic reading, accompanied by presenting and evaluating how to use and apply the method and the style of Minimalism in music, the role of this method in this development is explored through reading, explaining, and providing scientific clarifications and referring to the technique used, while presenting the positive and negative aspects, pointing to scientific models and sources.
This paper consists of three main themes and several related extensions.
The first chapter includes the research problem, its importance and objectives, the methodology and limitations of the study as well as the explanation of the research concepts - key words in the research.
Definitions, principles, and basic rules of this style, with an explanation of examples of world music, pointing out the differences, analyzing several examples, and presenting all the positive and negative aspects, which can be a source of excitement and help researchers in this field to understand and then discover and create beautiful ideas and creativity through innovation. And using these patterns to create new forms and templates for oriental songs and music in general.
Section three includes some of the results and conclusions of this research, along with presenting some suggestions and recommendations to relevant parties, as well as presenting clarifications to researchers in the field of art in general and song and music in particular as an explanation for promoting and conducting similar research.

Abstract
The term structure raises an impression linked to a material thing. The abstract, emotional perception is based on symbols and communication processes related to direct reality. This applies to pictorial writing represented by the art of the pictograph, which stores within it plastic relationships and musical rhythms in organic formations in which the letter turns into an object that moves and breathes. It rises and rises, and perhaps the idea of designing the letterforms represented by this art depends on additions and modifications within the emotions, feelings and ideas that make this artistic color one of the artistic achievements that carry aesthetic richness. It depends on consistency and coherence to be compatible with the content of the approved Qur’anic verses, which are considered as expressive abbreviations within a formal aesthetic conception that relies on Based on the vision and feelings of the artist (Mohamed Tousun), his style is characterized by a great deal of mastery, in which everything is carefully studied.
The research included four chapters, the first chapter/methodological framework of which was devoted to explaining the research problem, its importance, the need for it, and the goal of the research, which was limited to identifying the aesthetic expressive structure in the pictorial writing of the Egyptian artist Mohamed Toson, within the time period between (2014 - 2016), and the chapter ended by defining Research terms. The second chapter/theoretical framework included three sections, the first of which dealt with the expressive structure, the second section dealt with the aesthetic structure, and the third section dealt with Arabic calligraphy and pictograph art by the Egyptian artist Mohamed Toson. As for the third section/research procedures, it began by collecting artistic works. By the artist Muhammad Tousun, which carries the expressive and aesthetic structure in writing in his artistic works, as a research sample for the purpose of analyzing it descriptively (content analysis), which was chosen in an intentional way with (4) models. The researcher relied on the theoretical framework of the research as a tool for analyzing the artist’s completed works, which produced results. The conclusions answered the goal of the research, which were presented with recommendations and proposals in the fourth chapter of the research, which are summarized as follows:
1- The aesthetic expressive structure in pictographic art is considered an organizational style of stylistic patterns that includes innovative methods for designing models of Islamic art and distinct relationships of cohesion and interconnection.
2- It represents the aesthetic expressive factor that accompanied the art of the pictograph to establish the visual excitement to which modern technological techniques contributed to imparting aspects of mastery and aesthetic accuracy.
3- The systems of aesthetic expression in the art of pictography are embodied in achieving aesthetic unity that depends mainly on the interconnection and cohesion between letter and plastic forms.

Summary
This research was concerned with studying the technical effects resulting from the use of emulsion of natural materials on the pottery body,where white kaolin clay was chosen to withstand thermal shock. The type of pottery body is determined by using a clay mixture consisting of kaolin and crooks, and applying an emulsion of natural materials (flour, water, wine, and sugar) on the surface of the pottery body. The first chapter dealt with a presentation of the research problem - its importance and need for it - the research hypothesis - the goal of the research and the temporal, spatial and objective boundaries. The second chapter included four axes: the first was clay, the second axis: included the atmosphere of burning, while the third axis dealt with: contemporary burning techniques, and the fourth axis: Aesthetic effects on the surface of ceramic vessels. While the third chapter came with the research procedures, which included the experimental research approach and the intentional selection of samples. The selection of kaolin and clay clay with a fixed weight ratio and the preparation of natural materials emulsion mixtures were chosen, where three mixtures were chosen with variable proportions in water, where the natural materials emulsion was applied to the pottery body at a temperature of 800 and using... The gas kiln in the process of burning pottery objects, and the number of samples reached (7). The fourth chapter discussed the results, as sample number (1) was characterized by the color relationships between the ocher color with its various shades and the dark walnut color, which forms irregular visual units, and is distributed on the surface of the vessel. ceramics with clear randomness. As for the fifth chapter, the conclusions were, the most important of which are:
1.All samples came in three colors (brown, walnut, and black).
2. The effectiveness of the color effect was a visual revelation of the aesthetics of underground vessels, as well as an activation of the visual attraction or aesthetic response of the recipient.
The research also included a number of suggestions and recommendations, followed by footnotes and Arab and foreign sources

Abstract
Employing geometric form in artistic work in general and in theatrical presentation techniques in particular is considered one of the important matters because of the importance and philosophical value it carries, which is embodied through the idea of designing theatrical presentation techniques. Therefore, the research must be directed to asking: What is the importance of employing geometric form in theatrical presentation techniques? While the two researchers determined the importance of research and the need for it through the extent to which geometric shapes are employed in theatrical presentation techniques, considering them necessary complements to complete the show and attract the recipient, the need for it lies in the fact that it benefits scholars and researchers in the theatrical field from institute students. The current research aims to identify the aesthetics of employing geometric shapes. In the techniques of theatrical presentation in an artistic technical way, the limits of the research were determined in the period 2015. As for the second chapter (theoretical framework) of the research, it included three topics, the first topic concerned with philosophical geometric forms. The second topic is the historical context of geometric shapes. The third topic is geometric shapes and their use by directors (Aki - Ari - Iraqi) and then Indicators of the theoretical framework. As for the third chapter (research procedures), it included the research sample using the intentional method (red carpet), and the research concluded with the results and conclusions of the research and then as an introduction.

Summary

The role study aims to determine the extent of designing strategies based on teaching artistic appreciation to art education students and their impact on developing the students’ ideas. To achieve the objectives of this study, the researcher used the (quasi-experimental) method, where the experiment was applied to students of art education, and the study consisted of selecting the ability to develop and acquire their educational knowledge. How did the research contribute to building the students’ personalities in an integrated manner through establishing an advanced educational curriculum that keeps pace with modern educational curricula. As it is reflected in the performance of students in all educational fields, art education is therefore necessary to raise artistic taste and issue aesthetic judgments. Accordingly, artistic taste is an acquired behavior that grows with practice. Students must be trained to see beautiful forms, develop in them the ability to distinguish and deduce them, not only in art. But it extends to include all aspects of life.

Summary:
This research, titled The Human Figure and Its Reductions in Drawing by Ahmed Muzahim as a Model, is concerned with studying the human form in drawing. It consists of four chapters. The first chapter, represented by the methodological framework, came with the research problem that we addressed by asking a question: What is the human form and its reductions in contemporary Iraq? Its importance came from the fact that it is an academic study. It sheds light on the human form and its reductions in drawing and defines the terms mentioned in the research. The second chapter was represented by the theoretical framework as a study with three sections, the first of which dealt with the human form in ancient art and the human form in art recently. The second section dealt with the concept of reduction and reduction in drawing, and the third section dealt with Ahmed Muzahim. The artist, the human being, and his artistic style, along with coming up with indicators for this theoretical framework. The third chapter represented the research procedures, which included (30) paintings, with the selection of three paintings in an intentional manner for the purpose of study and analysis according to the descriptive analytical method with the research tool, in order to achieve the research goal, which is knowing the human form and its reductions. The fourth chapter included the results, conclusions, recommendations and proposals. The following are the most important results reached by the researcher:
1- The human form, especially the man, is strongly present in Ahmed Muzahim’s works, as in Model (1, 2, 3).
2- The presence of the woman’s body in his works, as in Model No.1
3-. The presence of elements represented by doors, windows, and ornaments is strong in his artistic works, as in the model (1, 2, 3(

Abstract:
The tagged research dealt with (the role of global environmental art towards participation in climate and environmental change issues in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia), which identified its main research question in: what are the trends and roles of visual arts globally towards attention to environmental change issues What is the role of Saudi Arabia and the Vision 2030 to protect the environment through the role of art. The scientific and theoretical importance of the research focused on accessing global experiences in the use of visual arts to reduce climate and environmental changes. Highlighting the role of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Vision 2030 in preserving the environment and its components. The theoretical framework and previous studies of the research included the arts, climate change and the environment from the past to the present, the role of Visual Arts in preventing the destruction and trafficking of wildlife, the interest and efforts of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Vision 2023 in environmental changes. The research used the descriptive approach, and the research community was on the most important projects and initiatives in the visual arts that have active participation in climate and environmental change issues globally. Four international works of art in the field of visual arts were selected and presented as educational and awareness-raising projects and initiatives, and the artwork from these works was highlighted. One of the results of the research is the definition of the trends and roles of Visual Arts in the issues of climate ecology. One of the recommendations is to involve community members and institutions to preserve the environment with its components. He publicized the role of Visual Arts in environmental conservation through art messages. One of the proposals is to intensify studies and research on the roles and importance of Visual Arts in the environment

Abstract
This research aims to expose a real innovator in obtaining the subject of history for the students of the fifth literary grade, and to achieve the goal of the research, the direct researcher followed the procedural steps of the research method, and she was chosen in a way that revolution prep for girls, such as creativity research, then she also chose well, Division (A) to represent the group. The control group taught by her student was controlled for their small number of (32) female students who actually studied, and Section (B) represented the experimental group (30) female students who studied using the robot strategy.
The researcher conducted a partnership between members of the two groups (experimental and control) in the following cooperation
(age, intelligence test, parents’ educational attainment)
After the end of the experiment, the researcher applied the achievement test, and after using the second test (T-test) in processing the data, the result became clear that the robot strategy proved, with statistical significance, its effectiveness in training the history subject for fourth-grade literary students.

Abstract
The concepts of innovation and borrowing are among the concepts that have taken up space in plastic art by presenting new forms that were not previously familiar or borrowed forms that were employed in works of art. We will try to reveal them in the current research, which consists of four chapters. In the first chapter, the researcher presented the research problem, which was represented by the following questions: :
What innovations have appeared in contemporary global plastic art?
What are the metaphors employed by contemporary global plastic art?
Then came the importance of research and the need for it, as the current research is important because it studies the phenomenon of innovation and metaphor in contemporary international plastic art. In order for the researcher to reach his goal, he set a goal for the research, which is to reveal innovation and metaphor in contemporary international plastic art. The researcher defined the limits of the research, so the objective boundaries were the artistic works that show innovation and metaphor in contemporary global plastic art, the spatial boundaries in Europe and America, and the temporal boundaries from 1939 to 2018. The researcher also defined the terms mentioned in the title linguistically, philosophically and procedurally. As for the theoretical framework, the second chapter, the researcher divided it into two sections:
The first topic: innovation in thought and art
The second topic: metaphor and its representations in global formation
The second topic: metaphor and its representations in global formation
As for the third, procedural chapter, the researcher dealt with the research community, the selection of the research sample and the research tool, and the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach in analyzing the research sample. Then the researcher analyzed the samples. In the fourth chapter, the researcher came out with some results, conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

Abstract:
The subjects depicted in the light of the background position gainsome transparency, youth, vitality and spectacle. This method oflighting makes the model have sharp shapes and strengthens thesense of depth. This is what happens in the art of silhouettes, thesubject of the current research consisting of four chapters: The firstchapter consisted of the research problem, which Kant: What are the conceptual dimensions of silhouette art in contemporaryAmerican photography? The aim of the research is: to identify theconceptual dimensions of the art of silhouette in contemporaryAmerican photography, and the temporal boundaries were:between (1970-1999) AD. As for the second chapter: it was in twosections: the first section: (its history in the art of photography andits uses), and the second section: silhouette: its techniques. Theresearcher summarized what resulted from the previous sectionswith indicators of the theoretical framework, and then previousstudies. The researcher did not find any study. Similar in someways to the current study, as for the third chapter: the researcherclassified and divided it according to the different techniques (two-dimensional techniques) until the total number of the researchcommunity became (100) artistic works. A group of models for thesample was chosen in a stratified manner, and a percentage of(10%) was taken from each technique randomly, and then theclassification was done according to the proportionalrepresentation of each artist, so the final number became (4)models for the research sample from the original community. Thesamples were analyzed in a descriptive and formal manner, andthen the frequencies of the tool’s items were extracted, as well asthe percentages, to questionnaire and clarify the results to achievethe desired research goal. As for the fourth chapter: it included theresults, conclusions, recommendations and proposals, and among :the results were The conceptual dimensions are achieved by achieving the -1 aesthetic, cognitive and functional dimensions in all samples of the sample. The aesthetic dimension of the sample is achieved through 13 items with percentages ranging from this is what concerns the aesthetic dimension. As for the cognitive dimension, 8 items appear to us with percentages ranging out of 11 paragraphs, and as the functional dimensions of the sample show us through 2, their percentages .range out of 4 paragraphs:Regarding the aesthetic dimensionThe black color of the shape is predominant, appearing -2:Regarding the aesthetic dimension The black color of the shape is predominant, appearing -2 .of the samples .The curved line stands out more than the straight line -3 :Among the conclusions The meaning and connotation that the signifier carries for the -1 artistic form of the silhouette varies according to the artist’s vision and dealing with the form, despite the simplicity that characterizes this art. It can be perceived by its simplicity and the meaning it carries is reflected mentally through the color, the extent of its .value, and its shape The job has changed from what it was before. In its beginnings, -2 it was compensation for drawing with cheap and simple art, but .now this art has been used for propaganda and advertising