Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

A sinple and sensitive photometric rnethod for the trace determination of metoclopramide lras been worked olri .The rnethod is based on the diazotization reaction of the detet'tnination in acidic medium with the coupled o,-naphthol,to form purplisli violet water soiubie azo dye that shows maximurn absorption at 549nm with molir absorbtivity of 3.85x104 l.mol-l.cm-l.Bee.'s larv is obeyed over the concentration range 12.5-200pg of metoclopramide in final volume of 25m1,i.e.0.5-8pprn with the relative enor of -0.2 - +1.3 atrd a relative standard deviation 0.68-2.17%.Morever,the method does not require either temperature

Tlris study have been don to know the effects of addingO.50/o of Activated Sodium Bentonite (ASB)wiih 2.5 mgof aflatoxins (AF), 4 mg of ochratoxins (OCH), and 4 mg of T-2 toxin/kg of diets singly or in combination for each of OCH or T-2 toxin with AF on the distribution and levels olaflatoxin Bl (AFBI), aflatoxin Ml (AFMI), Ochratoxin A (OA), and T-2 toxin in blood, liver, and kidney of the broiler chicks fed from 1 to 2l days age. The results indicated that tlre residue's concentration of AFBl and AFM1 in the samples of blood , liver, and kidney were significantly (p<0.05) decreased when we add the AF alone with ASB in the diet of chicks (as shown with treatment T2) which equal to(4.35 and 8.40.ngiml), (18.50 and135.9 nglg),and (12.25 and i25.0 nglg) respectively. Also there are significant decrease in the concentrations of AFBland AFM1 values with the occurrence of ASB with AF plus OCH in the chicks diet (as shown with treatment T6) which were equal to (5.55 and I235ng/ml), (16.25and 153.1 ng/g) and (11.65 and 189.8 ng/g) in the blood, liver and kidney sarnplei respectively. Moreover, when the occurrence the ASB with AF in combination with T-2 toxin in the diet of chicks (as shown with treatment T10) there are also significant decreases between the values of (AFBI)&(AFM1) over the blood samples (6.I5 and 12.45 ng/ml), the liver samples (19.30 and 164.2 nglg) and the kidney samples (19.80 and 147.3 nglg) respectively. However, there is no significance between OA& T-2 toxin values in both 6 and 10 treatments. All the above significant values were compared with the residue colcentrations of AFBI and AFMI in the samples of blood, liver, and kidney from broiler chicks fed diets containing the same toxins without ASB (treatments T1, T5, and T9). The concentration of OA orT-2 toxin in samples of blood, liverand kidney from chicks fed diets containing OCH or T-2 toxin alone or in combination with AF and ASB (treatments T4,T6, T8, and T10) were not significantly effective when compared with the samples from chicks fed the diet containing the same toxins without ASB (treatmentsT3, T5, T7, and T9) respectively. From the results also show, the combination of AF with each OCH or T-2 toxin in the diets of broiler chicks causes a significantly increased in the residues of AFBI, AFMI, OA, and T-2 toxin in blood, liver, and kidney samples when compared with the same samples of chicks fed diets containing each'tsxin alone

Male infertility may occur due to different causes. Therefore different therapeutic approaches have been applied in order to improve the ability of men to get children. Semen analysis is used to determine the fertility potential in male, but the occurence of pregnancy is tlie evidence of sperm ability for fertilizatio4. Many drugs were used for treatment of male infertility; but there is little attention in the use of GR6, which is used popularly for this purpose. One hundred infertile men were treated with GR6. The present study showed that the treatments are safe and there were no important side effects. After four month of treatment, the active sperm motility, testoiterone level, LH level and sluggishly motile spenn were increased significantly in infertile men treated with GR6. While sperm count and FSH level were insignificant increased. On the basis of results, GR6 is safe and effective in the treatmeniof male infertility.

Tenia corporis is still a very comlnon disease aTong Iraqi people with so many systernic and topical treatment. To evaluate the thelapeutic efica.y or rin. sulpliate ,otution i' the treatment of tenia corporis. Fofty five patients compleied the t,"Jv irr-iir*it teaching hospital, patients were divided in to two groups; Gioup A: thirty patients treated with topical zinc sulphate 20Yo Solution appliedlwice daily ior two weeks, Group B: fifteen patients treated witil topical distill r"uti. and used as a control group. All pa:tients were exatlined clinically atrd tnicrobiologically before treatment and after the 1rt*..[;;J t;; of tleatment. Group A, patients showed a clinical .ut. urt.r ll[-l;;;k of treatment rvhile tlie nricrobiological cure obtained after the 2"d *".k of treatment, a'd only few patients colnplained of rnild initation inthe.first few days of treatnient. croupn padents didrr't sliow neitlter clinical nor microbiological .ur.. So topical 20%o zinc sulphate solutiou is effective in the tt'eatment of tenia cJrporis with negligibie side eff'ects.

A prospectil,g stud! of (25 ) patients suffer frorn type II diabetes mellitus (age 45 - 62 year ) rvas carried out to detemrine the biochemical changes of serum cholesterol , FtrDL - cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , triglycedrides , LP-(a) and Hba,C.Tire Cornprison analysis of pre-fasting witlr fasting and post -. fasting s'amples did not reveal any statisticaliy significant changes in the value of the lipid profiles . Aslight change in serum alburnine was noticed ,but otherwise thel was no change in otirer biocireniical values , with marked decrease and increase in the weights of the patients( 2 ).

As the environruerrt plays an important role in the development of hurnan being it was thought that the change in the environment rnight have led to some kind of change in the pararneters of the bony component of the hip joint. Therefore,54 cadaveric hip joints with soft tissue in situ n'cre studied. Dimensions of acetabulum and iemoral head were obtained rvith Vernier scale. It r,vas observed that these dimensions were greater in males when compared with that of fernales but the difference was statistically rion significant. On the left side the measured parameters were greater than those of the right side in both tlte sexes but of no statistical significance. Acetabular diarneter was greater than the diameter of l'emoral head in both tlre genders. Clinically, this knowledge plays an irnportaut role in understandiltg the occurrence of primary osteoarthrosis in Iraqis. The present study is of value to the forensic expefts, orthopaedicians and prosthetists as it gives the dimensions of acetabulr.rm arrd fenroral head

The diabetes mellitus has been induced in Sprague Dawely rats, by injection of alloxan 75 mg/ kg body weight, once daily for three successive days. Group of diabetic rats were treated with oral hyopgycemic (Glibenclamide) drug only and another group was treated with oral hyopgycemic (Glibenclamide) drug and Alium Sativum- garlic powder (250 mg / kg body weight, daily. Histological and histometric changes of sciatic nerve were investigated, by applying routine histological stains with specific application of osmium tetroxide for staining the nerve, detecting the structural changes and to measuring the improvement in the regeneration of the sciatic nerves. It has been found that the Alium Sativum treated group restored to certain degree the normal architectures of the sciatic nerve in diabetic rats and the improvement in thermal sensation as compared with non treated group or group treated with oral hypgycemic drug only.

Toxicity of ethanolic extracts of two plants (Azadirachta excelsa Jack) and Xanthium italicum Moretti to the bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli and its main hyperparasitoids; Asaphes suspensus (Nees) and Pachyneron aphidis Bouche was investigated. The susceptibility of the hyperprasitoidos to X. italicum and A. excelsa was not varied. All extracts showed remarkable toxicities. The extract from A. excelsa has shown more pronounced toxic effect, having Ecso 3.5 and 3.6 ppm compared to 90 and 22 ppm for M. italiucum against the aphid and its hyperparasitoids respectively. The percent mortality of A. fabae was found to be concentration and exposure-time dependent for A. excelsa extract. The extract of X. italicum was appeared selectivity of toxic action between aphid and its hyperparasitoids. These leaves extracts could have promising practical application in protection cultivated plants against attack by A. fabae and increasing efficiency of its primary parasitoids as biological control by reducing viability of main hyperparasitoids.

The enriched methanolic extract from unripe fruits of Melia zedarach was used for diet treatment of Spodoptera cilium latebrosa. Artificial diets were treated with concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 ppm. Starting with 3rd instar, mortality percentage were 33.3, 45.8, 75.0 and 100% at the concentrations 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm respectively. Residual activity was high toxic during one-day-old at the higher concentrations 10.0 and 15.0 ppm. Duration of the life cycle was affected by diet treatment; larval and pupal periods were prolonged, while that of prepupa shortend. The extract lost its residual toxicity by the 8th day after treatment.

A total of 34 catheterized paraplegic patients with age range between 22-53 years old at Dijlah Rehacilitation Hospital (DRH) in Tikrit with signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection ( UTI ) were studied . All 34 ( lA0% ) patients were positive for significant UTI. The highest prevalent pathogen was Escherichia coli (47%). Only in 30 patients , the bacteriuria was associated with pus cells . Most of isolated organisms were highly sensitive to augmentin , ciirroiloxacin and cefatoxime

To assess knowledge and attitude of college girls, Medicine, Phannacy and Arts in Baghdad City towards breast feeding. Across-sectional study with a random sample of 258 female studies during period of 1994-1998 from girls, medical, pharmacy & art college in Baghdad City, using a self-administered questionnaire. The ages of the females ranged from 18 to 32 years. About 13% of them received some health education about breast feeding. One-quarter reported that they leamed about breast feeding at school. About 4% of students learned from their mothers. Less than half the students in the sample (qOVr) larew the meaning of colosfum. Only 22Yo students gave the right answer about the right time for the first feed. Regarding the frequeniy of breast feeding, one third gave the right answer.The study showed considerable deficiency in the knowledge of the college femalg shrdents about breast feeding. Relevant knowledge and skills about breast feeding should be included in the curriculum of college to prepare them successfirl breast feeding.

A total cf 150 water samples examination in Kirkuk province were carried out using direct deposit examine microscopically, study parameters involves four type of water collections : direct (governmental pipes), indirect ( tank vehicle) ,well water & river water ( Khasah Sou), which divided in to four positions. The main aims of this study are to detect role of parasitic stages in contamination of water in Kirkuk Province & to assess the relationship between water contamination with protozoa & some water quality tests like (PH, Turbidity & chlorine percentages). The result of the study shows all rate of contamination 14%, which divided into 12 % & 2 % in urban area & rural area respectively ,P<0.05. River water shows high rate of contamination 12 %, followed by 1.33 % & 0.66% from direct (Governmental pipes) & well water respectively P<0.05.The rate of water turbidity was 10.66 % with high occurrence in river water 5.33 % & the lowest rate 0.66% was in wells. P<0.05.Abnormal chlorine percentage was seen in 6-water sample with the rate 4 % P>0.05. Abnormal PH of water samples were ranged from 5.23 to 10.3 which had no role in frequency of parasitic forms in ‘water, P<0.05.The more common parasitic forms that found are Entamoeba histolytica that was highly dominated in river water 12 % followed by Giardia lamblia 3.22%. Other microorganisms that are isolate include

Candida species 12.6 % and Paramecium 12%. Total rate of water contamination with microorganisms is 42 %.

One hundred women were included in this study which referred by the physicians clinics for the detection of antitoxoplasma antibodies. Venous blood was collected from them, and serum obtained for the performed of rapid latex agglutination test and quelitative detective of Toxoplasma IgM by using Mercaptoethanol test.A questionnaire form was filled for each women by direct interview. The data requested inciuded age, occupation, residency, level of education, owing animals, marital status, history of abortion and numbers of abortion.Forty six (46%) women were dispiayed the presence of antitoxoplasma antibodies. Fifteen (32%) of the positive cases were positive for IgM antibodies.Significant association between the rate of total Toxoplasma antibodies and some epidemiological factors were included.

Fifty patients with post operative wound infections at a district general hospital in Baaquba were tested for bacterial growth. These patients were exposed to different operations such as (labroectomy,surgical ppendectomy, bullets accidents ,bombing acc.dents anddifferent surgical operations).All patients wounds were swabbed in period from May to August 2006and cultured , the isolated microorganisms were identified on the bases of their morphological ,cultural and biochemical characteristics.twenty six (52%) were positive for bacterial growth .Twenty (77%) yielded a pure culture and six(23%)of mixed culture isolate. These isolates,1(5%)were Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4(20%) were E coli , 3(15%)were Klebsiella pneumoniae and12(60%)were Gram positive. The incidence of bacterial growth was high among adult more than 15 years than children less than 13 years Single and mixed culture were sixty six percent and sixty percent were in adults more than 15 years respectively whereas thirty four and forty percent of single and mixed culture were investigated in children less than 13 years respectively. The study also investigated the bacterial contamination in theater and coach of the same hospital, (1)were Pseudomonas aeruginosa , (3)were E .coli, (0) were Klebsiella and (7) were Gram positive for theater while(0) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa , (2) were E. coli, (1) were Klebsiella and (3) were Gram positive for coaches.