Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

This is is an experimental study aimed to study the effect of three plants extracts on the activity of the Trichomonis vaginalis parasite. After isolation of the parasite and growing on CPLM media, six plant extracts three of them were water extracts and others were alcoholic extracts which were prepared from Artemisia herba alba, Punica grantum and Capparis spinosa respectively were added to parasite media. Study of parasite activity and grorvth after24,48,96,72 hours were observed. the Artemisia herba alba 'alcoholic extract had good suppression effect through 24 hours at 0.5'olo concentration while the same extract from Ptmica granatum at 0.5Yo concentration also affected the parasite through 48 hours and Capparis spinosa alcoholic extract inhibited the parasite activity in l%o concentration through 48 hours .The water extract for Artcmisia herba alba had better inhibition elfect through 48 hours at 0.5Yo concentration .Punica granatum affected through 24 hours but at l7o concentration, while Capparis water extract had no effect. We concluded that Artemisia herba a/64 alcoholic extract had better eflfect than others and rve recommended further studies to extract the active substances of medical plants for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis

This prospective study was executed over a period of 5 year from February 2003 to December 2007 in the central pediatric hospital & 5 primary health care center in Baghdad then in the Tikrit hospital & trvo private clinic in Tikrit, one handered trventy (120) children lvith chickenpox were enrolled in this study' By 95% cl Pairecl sanrples Test effect oi wBC courlt on different clinical variables & scAR formation' The result indicate that Rash usual site lvas commonest & safest type of milder
disease (l15 =%96)while Rash unusual site give us pointer to predict the moderate course of disease &it rvas documented for first time in our study only, Hyper pigmented area can be safest type of discoloration happcned in course of diseasc .llcmorrhagic Rash0.2g7 gives predictive indicator for serious type of aggrcssivc picturc of chickenpox

The genus Streptomyces consists of sporulating Gram-positivesoil bacteria with a mycelia growth habit, and a life cycle with complex morphological and physiological differentiation, also piodu.., antibiotics which are the secondary metabolite. The objective of the present study is to study of an ability of a local isolate of Streptomyces Zl to produce antibacterial substance, and effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources on antibacterial production. Results in present study showed that Streptomyces Zl have ability to produce antimicrobial agent against Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentery, Pseudcimonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus nrbtilis which indicated by diameter of inhibition zone that reached tol6.0, 19.3, 18.1,25.0, g.z, 11.2, l2.o mm, respectively, iesults in this study showed that antimicrobial agent produced by Streptomyces Zl lvas more effective against gram negative organisms rather tlian gram positive. Production of antibiotics from microorganisms varies with the constituents of the media. In present study we have investigated the influence of medium constituents such as carbon and nitrogen soui.., on the antibiotic production from Strcplomyces Zl, different carbon sources were used in this study includcd the follorving: maltose, glycerol, galactose, glucose, mannitol, lactose, starch, and dextrose, the samples werc assayed against K. pncumonic, the highest antibacterial activity rvas obtained when dextrose at 4Yo rvas used as carbon sources. We have also tested a numbcr of nitrogen sources (Yeast extract, L-valinc, sodium glutamate, Na2NO3, Nl'l4SO4, Nl-l4NO3) orr antibiotic production by local isolate of Strcptonr),cc:; sp.Zl, rcsults shorvcd that Yeast cxtract at l.SYo was thc most suitable nitrogen sollrcc, tlrouglr L-valinc, sodiurn glutarnatc, Na2NOj, NI-l,rSO.r, NI.ITNOJ gavc modcrate antimicrobial

This Study includes the determination of (TFPH) drug via the formation of ion association pair with [pdly]? and with [Bily]" in aqueous phase . The analytical results obtained are as follow: the optimum pH is 5 and 4, reaction time is immediate and 5 minutes, mixing time 3 and 4 minutes for the two ion pair respectively. The statistical and other analytical results for the first ion pair in the concentration range (6- -40ppm) were as follow: the detection limit is 0.228 ppm, molar absorption coefficient is 2.3635x10* liter mole™ em™ at 297nm . For Bily — TFPH ion pair at 292 nm, the results in the concentration range (0.2-18ppm) ere as follow: detection limit is 0.0030 ppm , and molar absorption coefficient is 3.747 x 10° liter mole” cm™ . This method was applied to Salabid pharmaceutical preparation with percentage recovery of not less than 98.5%

Cuftural conditions affecting antibiotic production by local isolate of Streptomyces sp. N were studied. Cultural conditions included groMh medium, growth temperature,pH, and ion effect. The study showed that this local isolate was able to produce neomycin antibiotic. This compound showed a biological activity against gram - positive, and gram - negative bacteria. This effect was variable depending on the factors studied. Media of antibiotic production, R2 medium, and complete medium rvere better for Slreptomyces growth. Growth of the organism for 5 days gave the largest inhibition zones against test bacteria. The organism shorved better gror,l,th and antibiotic production when cultivated at 370C. The pH of the medium showed a dramatic effect on antibiotic production since low pH had increased antibiotic release to the medium resulting in observed increased in the biological activity. Ions like phosplrate and citrate shorved diff'erenteff'ecton the antibiotic production. Tlrc phosphate had shorvn an enltancing effect rvhere as citrate inhibit antibiotic production and lowercd the grolvth of the organism on cultivation media.

Neuroblastoma is the second most common solid tumor in the first decade of life. A retrospective study reviewed (39) children treated for N.B. at Al-Mansour Teaching Hospital for children from Jan. 1st 2001 to Dec. 31st 2006, the clinical data were analyzed. Thirty nine Patients were included (23) males (59%) and (16) females (41%) , the median age at diagnosis was (48) months .The abdomen was the site of initial tumor in 31(79.4%) of patients, hypertension is found in 6 out of eleven cases (54.5%) and hepatomegaly is found in 53.8% of cases . Anemia was recorded in 26(68.4%) of patients Stage IV was the predominant clinico-pathological stage .The median survival was 13.5 months (range 1 month — 45 months). There was significant association between the stage of the disease and event free survival. There was no statistically significant association between the age at diagnosis and the outcome because about 15 cases (38%) of the patients were lost to follow-up .The study recommends the use of the new method for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease like the use of autologous bone marrow transplant and the use of antibodies directed against the tumor cells.

Current antibiotic therapy encourages the use of antibiotics that may potentiate the host's immune defense. Antibiotics that can interact positively with the immune response and that also possess microbicidal properties might significantly contribute to improving the outcome of St.pnetimoniae inlections .Therefore, in the present study rve investigated the effect of clarithrornycin,an extended spectrum macrolide currently used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections ,on the in vitro interaction bctrveen human polymorphnuclear granulocytes (PMN) and strains of St.pneumoniae with different resistance patterns to penicillin .At a concentration of one -half the minimal inhibitory concentration(MlC),clarithromycin, an significantly enhanced human PMN functions particularly intracclltrlar bactcricidal activity, agninst all thc St,pncumonirrc strains,our findings support the use of clnritlrrornycin in the trcatmcnt of rcspiratory tract infcctions causcd by St.prtcurnoniac as it acts directly against thc pathogcn as rvcll as in coopcration rvith PMNs by cliciting thcir intraccllular killing.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy and tolerability of Oxybutynin chloride in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in which previous a-blocker therapy had failed. :

Materials and Methods: A total of 38 consecutive men with BPH complaining of LUTS in whom a mean of 6.3 months of a-blocker therapy had failed received Oxybutynin (5 mg twice daily orally) for 3 months in addition to the usual a-blocker medication. Primary efficacy end points were American Urological Association symptom score, and mean daytime and nighttime micturition frequency. Secondary end points were the peak urinary flow rate, post-void residual volume, the incidence of urinary retention, and adverse events. Statistical analysis was used when needed.

Results: A total of 33 men (87%) with a mean age of 59 years completed the 3-month trial. Mean 24- hour micturition frequency decreased from 11.2 to 6.5 voids and nocturia decreased from 5.1 to 2.4 episodes nightly. Significant changes in mean American Urological Association symptom scores (- 5.31), the peak urinary flow rate (1.8 ml per second) and post-void residual volume (=21 ml) were also observed. Five men (13%) discontinued therapy because of intolerable dry mouth. There were no reports of urinary retention.

Conclusions: Treatment with Oxybutynin in carefully selected men with BPH and moderate LUTS may be a reasonable therapeutic option after failed treatment with a-blockers.

Background: Anal fissure is common conditions that can affect people of all ages. Most anal fissures are at the rear of anal opening in line with cleft of the buttocks. There are many methods of treatment such as: medication by topical nitroglycerin or nifedipine paste or butulinum toxin injection or surgery by lateral internal Sphincterotomy or V-Y advancement flap.

Objectives: Is to compare the result of topical GTN (chemical Sphincterotomy) as primary treatment of chronic anal fissure with lateral internal Sphincterotomy.

Methods:

Setting: In outpatient clinic and Tikrit teaching hospital from Jan. 2006 to Oct0.2007.

Design: prospective study.

This study compares the results of two different methods of treatment (chemical sphinecterotomy&lateral internal Sphincterotomy) in 84 cases of chronic anal fissure regarding the efficacy and complication of these procedures.

These cases were randomized in equal number into two groups:

Group 1: were treated by chemical Sphincterotomy.

Group 2: were treated by lateral internal Sphincterotomy.

The average period of follow up after completion of treatment was 3 months for both groups.

Results:

Symptomatic improvement occurs in 30 patients treated by chemical Sphincterotomy (71.42%) at 12 weeks following treatment and 39 patients (92.85%) treated by lateral internal Sphincterotomy.

No improvement occurs in 3 cases (7.15%) treated by chemical Sphincterotomy and no case who was treated by lateral internal Sphincterotomy.

Conclusion: From this study we find that chemical Sphincterotomy induce rapid healing of chronic anal fissure with 71.42% rate in comparison to lateral internal Sphincterotomy with a 92.85% healing rate after 12 weeks treatment,

Aims: To evaluate the antimicrobial effect of German chamomile extract as a root canal irrigant in vitro, and comparing its effect with chlorhexidine 0.2% irrigant solution.

Materials and Methods: Twenty adult patients with age range 18-40 years attending dental school with symptomatic uniradicular teeth with necrotic pulp diagnosed by radiograph with no fistula or sinus tract were chosen; 10 subjects for each irrigant solution (the test and the control groups). Microbiological samples were obtained from the root canal at the beginning of the first appointment, and then moistened paper point is placed in a screw capped vial containing 5 ml Thioglycolate broth for anacrobic bacteria and the other containing Brain Heart Infusion broth for aerobic bacteria, which is incubated directly for 18 hours at 37 °C. Turbidity test was used to compare antimicrobial effect of German chamomile extract with chlorhexidine 0.2%.

Results: Mean reduction in bacterial count (0.36 + 0.09 for acrobic and 0.19 + 0.02 for anacrobic) for German chamomile and chlorhexidine 0.2% (0.084 + 0.03 and 0.052 + 0.016 respectively) were determined by using onc sample t-test, which was much lower for German chamomile than for chlorhexidine 0.2% with significant difference. For comparison between two materials for acrobic and anacrobic, unpaired t-test was used. Results were considered significant at p < 0.05.

Conclusion: German chamomile extract is effective antimicrobial irrigant solution especially on anaerobic bacteria but much lower than chlorhexidine 0.2% irrigant solution.

The prevalence rate of smoking among psychiatric patients has been shown to be higher than that among general population, especially those with schizophrenia and affective disorders. This may reflect self-medication of symptoms, medication side effects, and cognitive deficits associated with psychiatric disorders. The aim of the study is to examine the prevalence of smoking among male psychiatric outpatients. 384 male psychiatric patients were participating in for this study. Another 280 patients, of the same age groups, attending general outpatient department of the same hospital for medical elements other than psychiatric acted as normal control. Diagnosis was made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Both psychiatric patients and control group were assessed by using a smistructured interview questionnaire, which includes questions about each patient's sociodemgraphic variable, comprehensive smoking history. The sociodemgraphic of smokers among psychiatric patients were single72.3%, come from rural areas 74.9%, illiterate or had low education 82.2% and unemployed 83.2%. A prevalence of smokers among subgroup of psychiatric patients were, Schizophrenia 80.9%, Major Depression 60%, Mania 80%, Anxiety disorder 62.7%, Somatoform disorder 51.4%, Personality disorder 65% and substance abuse disorder 71.4%. Distribution of smokers among psychiatric patients and control group, 63.8 of the psychiatric patients were smokers against 32.1% of the control group were smokers. The prevalence of smoking in psychiatric male patients is high. It is consistent with other international studies.