Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Thyroid hormones stimulate oxygen consumption by most of cells in the body. Help in regulation of lipid & carbohydrate metabolism. The second function is to secrete calcitonin, a hormone that regulate calcium levels. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of submaximal exercise on post exercise levels of serum T3, T4, & TSH in young healthy students. Thirty student subjects were participate in this study from physical education college, university of Tikrit. The study was done from Jan. to the end of February 2011. Their age were between 20 -22 (20.53 ± 1.73 years). A total 5 minutes warm up was given for each subject, then 9 minutes of exercise was applied to the students with a gradually increasing intensity every 3 minutes ( starting from 50, 100, 150 watts) up to 75% of their maximal heart rate. Blood samples were taken before & 5 minutes after exercise. T3, T4 & TSH were measured before & after exercise. Heart rate was measured at resting state before starting exercise & 1, 2, 3 minutes after the end of exercise (recovery heart rate). There is no significant difference between pre & post exercise value of T3. Also, there is slight decrease in serum T3 level after exercise. Also, there is no significant difference between pre exercise value of T4 comparing with post exercise value. However, there is a highly significant difference between preexercise value of TSH, comparing with post exercise value. In previous study, the rate of increase of TSH is going linear with increase in intensity of exercise. The present study is partially agree with previous findings of continuous TSH increase until 15 minutes after the end of exercise with unchanged or slightly decrease T3 level. A possible cause for the increase of TSH levels may be due to pituitary secretion & may serve to fulfill the exercise induced increase in peripheral need for thyroid hormones

A total of 50 apparently healthy adult students (males ansd females) in College of Medicine in Tikrit University, were included in this study, they were underwent assessment of the serum levels of C-reactive protein and mlondialdehyde at two times intervals; first at the usual days of the term and the second time is during days of examinations. The aim of this study is to find the effect of the stress of examination on the serum levels of these two parameters. It was found that there is increase in the positive CRP results and increase in the serum level of mlondialdehyde at the day of examination more than before examination, which was statistically significant. These results suggest that during university examinations students are under increased oxidative stress.

Symmetrical 4-amino triazole which was prepared from the fusion of phenylhydrazide was reacted with different aromatic aldehydes to product new series of Schiff bases, and the later was cyclised thermally by reaction with maleic anhydride. The prepared compounds were characterized by FT-IR, and UV spectroscopy ,the melting points were determined and the purity and reaction time were checked by TLC. The biological activity was studied against different types of bacteria.

Chylous ascites is the extravasation of milky chyle into the peritoneal cavity. This can occur de novo as a result of trauma or obstruction of the lymphatic system. Moreover, an existing clear ascitic fluid can turn chylous as a secondary event. True chylous ascites is defined as the presence of ascitic fluid with high fat (triglyceride) content, usually higher than 110 mg/dL. A cases report was done on a 3 months infant with chylous ascitis diagnosed after ascetic fluid paracentesis at the pediatric department in Tikrit teaching hospital at 13 of March 2011. The aim of this report is to describe the clinical and biochemical features of a patient with chylous ascitis. The patient was presented with huge abdominal distention associated with scrotal swelling for the last one month. Examination shows scrotal edema with bilateral indirect inguinal hernia with positive shifting dullness and transmitted thrill signs ( which indicates presence of a fluid inside the peritoneal cavity). No umbilical hernia or peripheral edema. Abdominal ultrasound shows huge ascitis with bilateral indirect inguinal hernia and no organomegaly. Chest X-ray was normal . complete blood picture and renal function test were normal. Serum electrolyte was normal liver function test was normal except for serum albumin which was low. Paracentesis was done under full aseptic technique which revealed a milky ascetic fluid under very high pressure. The sample was divided into three parts . the first part is for biochemical analysis which revealed a high protein , triglyceride and specific gravity. The second part was sent for cytology and acid fast bacilli which shows increased cellularity with no abnormal cells) and negative test for acid fast bacilli. The third part was send for culture and sensitivity and it was negative. Abdominal CT scan was not done till this time because of the long appointment given for the patient on the waiting list at Tikrit teaching hospital . Lymphangiogram was not done because it is not available in Iraq till now. The patient was put on conservative treatment with follow up regarding the need for paracentesis if there is respiratory compromise by the ascetic fluid and for diet modification after the child starts feeding.

To evaluate and to compare the effect of metformin and glibenclamide therapy on lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. Cases comparative study. Al-wafaa center of Diabetes Management and Research in Mosul, during the period of 10th march 2010 and at the end of September 2010. Forty newly diagnosed diabetic patients participated in this study. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), and lipid profile were measured in the studied groups. lipid profile were repeated after 3 months of starting therapy. There were non significant improvement in lipid profile in the group received metformin, but a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC), (P. value = 0.008) ,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P. value = 0.003 ) in the group received glibenclamide. Metformin could produce a non-significant favorable effect on all lipids profile parameters, while glibenclamide showed a significant reduction in TC and LDL-C

To know the incidence of antinuclear antibody [ANA] in various types of cancers in different age groups of both sexes. This study was conducted in 50 patients of both sexes comprising of 30 females and 20 males of different age groups. Twenty-five known healthy sera of 10 male and 15 female of different age groups were taken as control and tested to compare the levels of antinuclear antibody. Direct binding ELISA was performed to detect the levels of antinuclear antibody in all sera. Results revealed that an overall level of ANA in females is higher than males. This study also showed that out of 50 cancer patients only 20 patients had raised level of ANA, while in the control group only one person was positive for ANA. Of these 20 positive cases, 4 patients had very high titer of ANA, while 13 patients showed high titer and 3 patients moderately high titer of ANA. The high prevalence of autoantibodies found in aged cancer subjects could be attributed to several cellular and humoral immunological aberrations, which occur with the aging process. The results of this study confirm that the earlier observation of necrosis of tumor tissues could be an important contributing factor for the production of autoantibodies

Rhinitis medicamentosa is due to prolonged use of nasal decongestant(more than a week).it presents as nasal obstruction, headache and rhino rrhea.1-Identify the incidence of rhinitis medicamentosa in patients with nasal obstruction and allergy. 2-Define the differences in the incidence of rhinitis medicamentosa between male and female and among different age groups. 3-Clearfy the effect of the steroids in the treatment of rhinitis medicamentosa. Three hundred patients had been studied at Tikrit teaching hospital during the period of study which extend for six months. all of the patients undergone complete history and examination. Three hundred patients(150 male and 150 female)were involved in our study. the incidence of the rhinitis medicamentosa more in male than female. Also the disease was with high incidence in those patients with chronic nasal obstruction(60%) and lower incidence in patients with nasal allergy(10%).the incidence of the disease more in young and middle age groups. Large number of patients about 22 (55%) benefit from using steroid for four weeks. The study shows there is high incidence of rhinitis medicamentosa by the prolonged use of nasal decongestants in those patients with nasal obstruction, so correction of this obstruction by medical or surgical treatment is mandatory.

Cefixime is a broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin with a long half-life and has a bactericidal effect against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In this study the effects of cefixime on two types of bacteria, was compared to its effect after adding phenolic extracts of green tea Camella sineses. The susceptibility test was used to study the effect of drug cefixime in the growth of two types of bacteria is Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and was extracted the phenoles from the green tea powder and study their effect in the growth of bacterial species under study, and then added these phenolic extracts to drug cefixime and studied its effect on the growth of bacterial species under study after the addition. Cefixime showed high inhibitory effect on the growth of bacterial species under study before adding the phenolic extracts and the drug was less influential in the growth of bacteria after the addition, while the phenolic extracts before addition showed different activities in inhibiting the growth of these types of bacteria. Add- process has led to the case of antagonism between the phenolic extracts and drug cefixime

There has been scientific interest in the possible effects of continuous or pulsed exposure to microwave radiation as emitted by mobile phones. The use of mobile phones adversely affects the quality of semen. To determine the effect of mobile phone use on parameters of semen analysis in infertile men. Cross-Sectional study. Fertility, Infertility and IVF centre in Al – Batool Mosul Teaching Hospital for the period from 2009-2010. This study was conducted on 300 patients complaining of infertility after 2003, their mean age (29.87 ± 6.4) years. They were classified according to their active mobile phone use into group 1: 4 h / day; group 2: 3 h / day; group 3: 2 h / day; group 4: no use. Also they were classified according to the duration of use in years into group A: from 1 – 3 years; group B: from 4 – 6 years. Classification according to position of mobile phone in relation to the body into Group C: Trouser pocket; group D: waist pouch; group E: shirt pocket was done. Semen analysis was carried out for all subjects in addition; serum testosterone measurement was done for 100 subjects. The laboratory values of semen parameters significantly differ in all user groups as compared to non user groups. The longer the duration of daily exposure to cell phones, the greater decrease in semen parameters (sperm count, motility and normal morphology). The lower sperm count, motility and normal morphology were in the group B of mobile phone users who used cell phones for 4-6 years duration as compared to group A who used it for 1-3 years. There was no significant difference in mean serum testosterone e level in different mobile user groups. Keeping cell phones in the trouser pocket has been found to decrease sperm count, motility, and normal morphology as compared to men keeping phones in the waist pouch and shirt pocket. The present study conclude that the use of mobile phone decreases the semen quality in study subjects by decreasing count, motility and normal morphology.

To study the effectiveness of corneal collagen cross linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light for keratoconus in Iraqi patients. Fifty four eyes of 27 patients with progressive keratoconus were studied in this prospective study. All eyes included in this study completed a follow up period of 6 months. Preoperative assessment of uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal topography using the pentacam, and Pachymetry were done and these tests were repeated at each postoperative visit. 9 male and 18 female patients were studied. The mean age was 24.9 ±5.35 (range 9-37 years) and the mean follow-up was 7.3 months. The preoperative values were compared with postoperative values. The BCVA improved at least one line in 55.5% (30 eyes) of eyes. 44.5% (24 eyes) showed stable BCVA (P< 0.001). The steepest corneal curvature was decreased by a mean of 1.74 Diopters ± 1.18 (D) in the total population studied. It was decreased by a mean of 2.04 Diopters ± 0.76 in 79.6% (43 eyes) (P<0.003) and remained stable (within ± 0.50 D) in 20.4% (11 eyes) of eyes. Corneal collagen cross linking with riboflavin and UVA light is effective treatment for progressive keratoconus in Iraqi patients

To investigate the effects of quetiapine on thyroid function tests in newly diagnosed schizophrenic patients. Thirty subjects with schizophrenia, were treated openly with quetiapine .Diagnosis of schizophrenia was made according to DSM-IV criteria of American Psychiatric Association. Another thirty healthy individual participated in the study as a control group. Thyroid data, consisting of values for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3 ), and total thyroxine (TT4). TSH, TT3, and TT4 were measured by radioimmunoassay. Measurements of patient’s thyroid data were done before and after 3 months of therapy (Suggested period of the research) with quetiapine and at the start of the research for the controls. Comparison of TSH, TT3 and TT4 of the control group and those of patients before treatment shows a non significant differences for all parameters. Comparison between TSH, TT3 and TT4 values before and after treatment with quetiapine shows only a significant reduction of TT4 values (P<0.001). This study shows that 3 months therapy with quetiapine leads to a reduction of TT4 concentration in the serum of schizophrenic patients

Pediatric ophthalmic disorders are important because of their impact on child’s development, education, future work, opportunities and quality of life, they may be due to causes that operate in prenatal period , neonatal period and childhood. This study aimed to determine the pattern of childhood eye diseases across age group among children attending out Patient eye department of Tikrit Teaching Hospital. It is a descriptive cross sectional study carried out in out Patient eye department of Tikrit Teaching Hospital .From 1st January 2010 to the end of December 2010.In this study 846 children at the ages up to 15 years were examined. A questionnaire was designed for recording personal history and detailed ocular clinical examination was done. A total of 846 children had attended the eye out patient during 2010.469(55.4%) were male and 377(44.5%) were female. Allergic conjunctivitis 229(27%),refractive error 124(14.6%), Ocular trauma 117(13.8%),infection108(12.7%),squint103(12.1%) and NLD obstruction 44(5.2%) were the most common conditions. Ocular injury was more common in males 67% and children aged 6-10 years 40%, the majority 65% being closed globe injury. Infections were seen more commonly among males 61% and children aged less than 5 years, with keratitis representing 33% of these cases. Conjunctivitis was the most common disorder followed by refractive error. Male were more commonly affected than female. Children aged 11-15 years made up largest group that affected. The prevalent childhood eye diseases can lead to absenteeism from school and are potentially blinding. Health education is important for parents to prevention of childhood eye injuries and early treatment of eye disorders