Iraqi National Journal Of Chemistry

A palladium (II) ion- selective electrode was prepared; depend on the active
material DB18C6 as a sensor, deposed in PVC polymer, by use a (DOPP) as a plastizier
substance, in the membrane.
The behavior and characteristics properties of this electrode have been studied.
It respond for the concentration range (1x10-6-1x10-3) mol/ L of palladium,
with a relative standard error of about 2% and a relative standard deviation of 1-2 %.
The nernast linearity slop is equal to 26.7 mV/decade with detection limit of 1.5
x 10-7 mol/ L, and correlation coefficient of about (0.9998).
The selectivity coefficient Ki,j
pot of it is electrode was calculated, in the presence
of some interferences cations and anion with certain Pd (II) solutions.
It was found that range of pH response is (7-11), with response time of 25 sec. at
303 K, the electrode lifetime was found to be 11 days.

The study involve production of activated carbon from residual Cocus Spp.
The materials contain a large amount of phenolic compound in the form of
lignin and its carriers. These sorts of woods are very hard and solid in nature, the main
reason for the materials choice to produce activated carbon of medical grade that have
a good adsorptive ability.
In this work constant amounts of the Cocus Spp. is mixed with different
amounts of the carbonizing materials (NaOH).
The material after good mixing is carbonized through straight fusion without
addition of water. The carbonization and activation was continued for the given
period of time.
The product carbon was purified from residual base and metal contamination
by treatment with diluted HCl. The properties of the produced carbon after drying is
studied for its adsorptive properties. The activated carbon produced is a good quality
and composed with commercial sample and have some superiority is some other case.

A Nickel (II) ion- selective electrode was prepared; depend on the active
material DB18C6 as a sensor, deposed in poly vinyl chloride PVC polymer, and using
(DBPH) as a plastizier substance, in membrane.
The behavior and characteristics properties of this electrode have been studied.
The calibration linear range was (1x10-1-1x10-8) mol/ L nickel with a correlation
coefficient of (0.9976) relative standard error of 1.221 % and a relative standard
deviation of 1.899 %.
The linearity slop is equal to 29 mV/decade with a detection limit of
5 x 10-8 mol/ L.
The selectivity coefficient Ki,j of the electrode was calculated, in the presence
of some interferences cations .
It was found that the electrode response in the pH range of (2-8), with response time
of (10- 48) sec. for different concentrations at 25Co, the electrode lifetime was found
to be 24 days , the effect of using different plasticizer substances was alsostudied.

Local alunite-bearing rocks have been employed as supporting materials in
heterogeneous oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid over bismuth molybdate catalyst .
The applied technique has a great activity compared with the previous studies.
Infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance were performed to identify the
final products. Powder x-ray diffraction and thermogravemetric analysis were used
to study the reduction and reoxidation processes of the catalyest.

Many concentrated acids or their mixtures were used to compelet the digestion
of the certified reference material type(MA-A1) which was used for the determination
of chromium in it using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
(ICP/AES).
It was found that the mixture (HClO4:H2O2)(1:1) was to be the best for chromium
determination with recovery of (98.19)% and (HCl:H2O)(1:1) as a second proper acid
for chromium analysis .This method was applied on twenty tissue samples of patients
with breast tumors aged (15-60) years to determine chromium concentration .
Chromium concentrations in sera samples of the same patients were also measured
and deficiency in chromium concentration values were appeared in sera of patients
with breast cancer compared with benign cases .

extraction of the drug Captopril from capotine (angiotensin converting enzyme
inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) ) with hot water was studied .Reaction of Captopril with
Cu+2 ion was also studied and found to forms a complex [(3 – Mercapto -2- methyl –
propionyl)] – L – proline copper (ІІ) The new analytical method based on measurement
the molecular absorbance in UV-Visible Spectrum at λmax=760 nm. Optimum pH and
divalent copper ion concentration were estimated . Linearity ( 0.50-0.78%) , Detection
limit 0.35% , Relative standard deviation %RSD (2.13) were determined . the complex
is identified with UV-Visible and IR spectra .the mole ratio also investigated and found
1:2 (Cu+2: Captopril).

A square wave voltammetric method is described for the determination of
Inorganic Phosphorus in human blood serum. This method is based on the decrease
on the reduction peak of ferrous ammonium sulphate Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2.6H2O
appeared at (-0.2 V) vs. (Ag/AgCl,3M KCl) as a reference electrode using (Sodium
acetate, acetic acid) buffer adjusted by (1.0 N) NaOH to (pH 7.0) as supporting
electrolyte due to its consumption via the enzymatic reaction of Inorganic
Phosphorus. The method was successfully applied to measure the Inorganic
Phosphorus in various blood samples represent different cases such as:
hyperparathyroidism, rickets (in children), osteomalacia (in adults), chronic renal
failure, Addison’s disease and diabetic ketoacidosis.
The results have been compared with those obtained from the
spectrophotometric method and show a good agreement between the two methods
with correlation coefficient (r = 0.9996).

In this work activated carbon of a good quality prepared from spent lubricating
oils using oxidation condensation process. The oxidation of the spent lubricating oils
conducted using 2% (wt%) of (CoCl2, ZnCl2 & FeCl3) and in the presence of a stream
of air or oxygen. The reaction mixture was heated at 350°C for (12, 24 & 36) hr, this
followed by removal of uncarbonized materials under reduced pressure. The
carbonization and activation was conducted at 550±25°C for 3 hrs and the ratio of the
feedstock to NaOH (1:2). After the carbonization was completed, the reaction mixture
was subjected to purification by treatment with distilled water, 10% HCl and distilled
water till it gives neutral test to litmus paper. The samples were dried at 120°C for 24
hr and its physical properties were determined, the research work indicated that a
good quality activated carbon was obtained when the oxidation of sample was
conducted using 2% FeCl3 for 36 hr.

A rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for the
determination of some Catechol amine drugs (methyldopa (I), adrenaline (II), and
dopamine (III)) in both pure and dosage forms. The proposed method uses 3-amino
pyridine as a chromogenic reagent. The method is based on the oxidative coupling
reaction of Catechol amine drugs with 3-amino pyridine and sodium periodate to form
an orange-water-soluble dye product, that has a maximum absorption at 476, 488 and
490 nm for (I), (II), and (III) respectively. The optimum reaction conditions and other
analytical parameter are evaluated. The proposed method was applied successfully to
the determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulation. The results have
demonstrated that the method is equally accurate and reproducible as the official
methods.

SCF-MO calculations of the vibration frequencies and IR absorption
intensities, applying the MINDO/3-FORCES method, are reported for the four
molecules, mono-, di- (1,2- and 1,3-), and 1,2,3-trimethylene cyclobutane. In addition,
normal coordinate analysis of all vibration modes is described for each molecule. The
obtained results allow interesting correlations between the frequencies of similar
modes as calculated for the different methylene cyclobutanes.

Diacetylene monomers 2, 3 and 4 were synthesized using Hay coupling
procedure. They subjected to γ-ray irradiation resulted into polymer formation
compound (8) while compounds (3a-c) were unsuccessful towrd topochemical
polymerization. The corresponding acid chloride compound (5) was then condensed
with diamine affording polyamide 6 and 7. The above symmetrically substituted
1,3-diynes together with their polymers have been characterized by combination of
spectral methods IR,1HNMR, C13NMR and are discussed.

The behavior of the absorption and fluorescence emission processes for
some bis-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole sulphonyl compounds were studied in toluene, ethanol
and di-methyl sulfoxide solvents. Fluorescence quenching processes of the
compound bis- [2, 2/-5 ethyl sulphonyl-1, 3,4-oxadiazole]-1,4-butane, (4-Et), in
toluene and ethanol using benzonitrile and benzophenone quenchers were studied
too. The complex quenching mechanism of 4-Et by benzophenone, according to
the obtained data, was proposed.

Several N - substituted maleimides were prepared from the reaction of maleic
anhydride with aromatic primary amines to form the corresponding N- substituted
maleamicacids. Dehydration of the prepared maleamic acids using acetic anhydride and
sodium acetate resulted in the formation of the corresponding maleimides. The prepared
maleimides were allowed to polymerize with D-fructopyranose derivatives (compound (II))
free radically using AIBN As the initiator .
The prepared compounds were detected by using C.H.N Analyses , I.R and physical
properties.

Thyme, is commonly used as a cough-medicine. Especially liquid thyme extracts
are in some countries a fundamental part of many galenicals with antitussive action.
Essential oils of thyme with different methods extract were compared by using
HPLC. The major constituent of the oils was carvacrol and thymol. The biological
activity against (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae)
was studied. All essential oils inhibited all bacteria at concentrations of ( 1/50 v/v ),
the Glavenger method was found to be the most effective one than the other steam
distillation extract.