Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture

The aim of this study was to determine the fattening and carcass
characteristics of Meriz and goat kids raised in either intensive or pasture
conditions. Twelve intact weaned male kids from each of Meriz and goat were
weighed and blocked into three groups according to different feeding systems for 90
days. The 1st group was given ad libitum concentrate mixture (intensive), the 2nd
was freely grazed on pasture for 45 days and then transferred to having ad libitum
concentrate for 45 days (Semi-intensive), the 3rd one was freely grazed on pasture
(extensive). At the end of the experiment, all kids were weighed, slaughtered and
the weight of their carcass was recorded. Daily gain in weight averaged 0.06±0.008
kg, the difference between breeds was not significant. Kids raised intensively
surpassed significantly (p<0.05) kids on semi-intensive and on pasture (0.10, 0.06
and 0.02 kg /day) respectively. Also breed has no significant effect on carcass and
edible and non-edible organs weight or percentages (except the weight of pelt and
the percentage of pelt and feet). Intensively and semi-intensively raised kids had
significantly (p<0.01) higher carcasses, dressing percentages, larger eye muscle area
and thicker of fat thickness than those raised on pasture

The effect of fasting in Ramadan on some hematological values such as blood
glucose and lipid profile in addition to urea and uric acid in human was studied.
Thirty one healthy adult employees of college of Women Education/ University of
Mosul, IRAQ were identified as subjects to perform the experiment. The subjects
(14 males and 17 females) were aged between 30 and 66 years (BMI range 22.5-
25.5Kg/m2
) and were fasting for the whole month. Blood samples were taken one
week before Ramadan then after 10 and 25 days of fasting in Ramadan and one
week after the fasting. The blood samples were analyzed for fasting blood sugar
FBS (glucose), plasma triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) , low and highdensity lipoprotein (LDL-C and HDL-C), urea and uric acid. Results show that
blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-c, urea and uric acid in both men and women
were significantly (P<0.05) decreased during fasting in Ramadan. However, HDL-c
level was significantly (P<0.05) increased during fasting in Ramadan. Results also
show that plasma TG in men comparing with women was significantly (P<0.05)
decreased. It is concluded that there were protective effects of fasting in Ramadan
on some hematological values such as blood glucose and lipid profile.

The subject of economic reform has been recently placed at the top of
programmers of economic policies in developing countries. The reform process can
not be integrated reform without the other sectors, including the agriculture one.
The aim of this research demonstrates the impact of economic reform on the
amount and efficiency of agricultural loans provided by banks for farmers,
especially small farmers. The hypothesis of research refers to the affects of
economic reform on the amount and efficiency of loans provided by agricultural
banks in the sample (Syria, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia). And was relying on two-way
link in analysis, the first is based on theoretical studies which addressed the same
subject, the second, quantitative methods based, on econometric, and then interpret
the results of the quantitative method for assessing the theoretical side in the study.
The analysis depended on the post-reform economic periods. Efficiency of
agricultural Lending measuring by contributing of agricultural loans in the
agricultural production for countries in the sample. Conclusions show that there are
positive indications in some changes after adopting the economic reform on the
research sample, and confirms that the adoption of economic reform programmers
could be used in agricultural banks

The goal of this study was to use plant tissue culture technique in vegetative
propagation of Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) by using single nodes and shoot
tips excised from soft cuttings and treated with different concentrations of growth
regulators. The results revealed that the use of different disinfistants was highly
effective in reducing cultures contamination. The use of mercuric chloride (0.1%,
HgCl2) for 10 minutes was very effective in preventing contamination and gave the
highest survival percentage (99%). Results at initiation stage revealed that the
culture of single nodes of Gardenia on a medium containing 3 mgl-1 BA+ 0.9 mgl-1
IAA gave the best growth response in which highest number of shoots and leaves.
At vegetative multiplication stage, the results showed that the medium
supplemented by 1.5 and 4.5 mgl-1 BA+ 0.6 mgl-1
IAA gave the highest value of
growth length and gave the highest number of shoots per explant. In order to
promote the shoots produced at vegetative multiplication stage to root, it was
noticed that the treatment of 4 mgl-1 NAA and8 mgl-1
IAA gave the highest
percentage of rooting and values of the number and length of roots. Plantlets
obtained were transferred to pots and acclimatized with 95 % success

Food security considers unsufficiency of agricultural production for
consumption needs are one of the important affairs that face the Arab nation for its
direct effects on the economic, social , political and enrironoment positions together
with the associated developing decision.Arabic states produced an agricultural
politic,for developing the different agricultural sectors and for support food security
tracts. In addition , it is adaptation increcosing direction toword emancipating the
economics and privatization the production sectors on food goods that has an
importance in nourishment and economical side on Iraq and the choosed countries.
The study aimes at anylaizing and restricting the gap sources in production and
consumption for main grain crops during (1985-2005) in iraq and the near by
countries to know the relative importunce of these resources and using the index
analysis procedure to account the variable values which appear in each country a
lonely. On the light of available data the variable could be described and studied
which included the normative decline of grain production for three years ago and
real income rate of a person also comparative advantage for deficit and surplus of
balance of payments to the total local production , again comparative advantage for
deficit and surplus for common budget to total local production . the results
appeared that the significant and non significant in its effected on food gap size of
grains for Iraq and the choosed countries .Via this study we have reach some of
results and recommendations.

This study was conducted in Agricultural College/ Dohuk University during the
period between 1st Dec and 1st Dec 2007. The objective was to obtains mixture from
available environmental material suitable for potted plants such as Nephrolepis exaltata
L. seven mixture of media were used, first (river soil) second (river soil : manure), third
(river soil: sawdust), forth (river soil: manure :sawdust), fifth (river soil: manure:
sawdust: leave mold), sixth (manure :sawdust), seventh (manure :sawdust: leave mold)
(all percentage by volume 1:1) and the interactions with four foliar fertilizer (calcium
nitrate , soluble combination fertilizer, Micronate , France) Results showed significant
superiority for sixth and seven mixtures in vegetative leave area, leave number fresh
weight, root fresh weight by 386.99, 193.65, 246.69, 210.19% consecutively comparing
with those grown in first mixture. Also the foliar fertilizer calcium nitrate, soluble
combination fertilizer, and France fertilizer significant superiority comparing with
Micronate. The interactions between the two factors have significantly effect for all
vegetative and characters

An experiment was conducted by using four tomato genotypes vs. (1)the wild
species (L.pimpinellifolium) and three varieties of cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon
esculentum Mill.) namely (2) Pearson (3) Early Parson (4) mahaly (karmless).The
objectives of this experiment was to enter the wild specie(L.pimpinellifolium) in
programme of full diallel crosses and to estimate of several genetic parameters.
Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes
,parents and hybrids for all the characters of General combining ability mean square
was significant for plant height, No. of branches/plant, No. of total leaves/ plant,
average leaf area, No. of leaf lets, flowering earliness, No. of flowers/in florescence,
No. of in florescence/ plant, early picking, No. fruits/ plant, mean fruits weight,
mean total yield/ plant, average fruit diameter, No. of locules / fruit and vitamin C
content, while the specific combining ability mean squares were significant for
plant height , early picking, mean fruits weight, mean total yield/ plant, average fruit
diameter and No.of locules/fruit.The results showed that wild tomato species
(L.pimpinellifolium) was the best combiner for the favorable characters while
specific combining ability results for each hybrids indicated that the hybrid(Early
Parson X L.pimpinellifolium) have a good S. C. A. for the most favorable
characters.

This research was conducted in Horticulture dept , college of agriculture and
forestry , at mosul university to study the effect of three concentrations (0, 10 , & 20
ppm) of two auxins indole acetic acid (IAA) and naphthaline acetic acid (NAA) as
foliar spray at two dates of application (15/3 and 15/4) on some vegetative ,
٢٠١٠ (٢) العدد) ٣٨) المجلد) ISSN 16X 815-31) الرافدین زراعة مجلة
flowering and yield parameters of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) Cv.
Hapil A randomized complete block design with three replicates , each
experimental unit contain ten plants , Data obtained from this experiment were
tested by using Duncan's multiple test at 5% level . The obtained results indicated
that there was a significant effect of auxin (IAA) on some parameters (average leaf
area , percentage of flower set and average yield of plant and area unit) as compared
with the effect of auxin (NAA) . at the same time both concentrations (10 & 20)
ppm of two auxins (IAA and NAA) caused a significant increase in all vegetative
and yield parameters , and there was appositive correlation between auxin and its
concentration , Meanwhile the first date of application (15/3) was more affective
which caused a significant increase in percentage of flower set and average yield of
plant with a non-significant increase in the rest parameters as compared with the
effect of the second date of application (15/4) , The best interaction treatment was
20 ppm of auxin (IAA) spraied at the first date (15/3) which resulted in a significant
increase in most vegetative , flowering , and yield parameter .

This experiment was conducted at experiment Farm of Agricultural Research
Center \ Ainkawa \ Erbil Governorate during 2005- 2006 growing season to study
the effects of two planting dates : 1st of August and 1st of September as well as the
effects of three application methods of gibberellic acid (GA3) at conc. of 250 mg/L :
Soaking application , Foliar application , interaction between soaking + foliar in
addition to the control application on flowering and seed production of two onion
varieties (Local white and Imported Texas Early Grano variety) . Results indicated to
an increase in all of the percentage of bolted plants , the number of seed stalks per
plant , mean weight of umbel , circumference and diameter of umbel total seed yield
and the seed yield per plant for local variety when compared with imported variety .
Also the previous mentioned characters increased in the first planting date comparing
by with the second planting date. The positive and significant effect of treatment with
gibberellic acid with different methods appeared in number of seed stalk and total
seed yield especially in the treatment soaking + foliar .

This experiment was carried out to explain the effect of pinching and nitrogen
fertilization on growth and flowering Zinnia elegans plants with aim at improving
flower number and longevity when planting in garden, by removing 2-3 cm from
shoot tip seedling first: when formed 3-4 true leaves and the second: when formed
inflorescence bud and control (without pinching), other factor was include nitrogen
fertilization by using urea at 0, 75 and 150 kg/ ha. The Factorial Experiment was
conducted by using the Randomized Complete Block Design with three block and
eight plants for block. The results can be summarized as follows: pinching caused a
significant increase in shoot number, total inflorescence number/ plant,
inflorescence diameter and inflorescence dry weight, in addition, inflorescence stalk
diameter, length and dry weight, on the other hand, inflorescence longevity
increased from 48.85 days when compared with 37.17 days for control. Nitrogen
٢٠١٠ (٢)العدد) ٣٨) المجلد) ISSN 1815-316X) الرافدین زراعة مجلة
fertilization at 150 kg/ ha caused a significant increased in all vegetative growth,
inflorescence characters and chemical contents when compared with the control. In
general, double pinching interact with fertilizing with 75 and 150 kg/ ha gave best
results for most inflorescences characters.

the objectives of this research are building educational program to develop the knowledge of rural youngsters in talkaif district
inevah governorate in the aspect of cultivation summer vegetable crops and to determine the effect of this educationl program in developing rural young sters knowledge according to some variables which are:basic profession of the father,contribution of rurul young sters in the field agricultural work, and the attitudes to wards agricultural work.the sample of the study consisted of (66)female students. Distributed to two groups. First one containd (36) as control group. And(30) as experimental group. the data were collected by using two tools. The first was consisted of exerimental and non-experimental veriable. The secondtool prepared a knowledge for rural youngsters data were anlyzied by using :person`s correlation coefficient, t-test,kruskal-wallisS test.The results indicated that the educational programs has had positive effect in developing the knowledge of rural youngsters. the results also showed that there are no significant differences in the knowledge level of rural youngsters according to: basic profession of the fathere, contribution in agvicultural work, and attitudes to werds agricultural work.

The main objectives of the present research are to evaluate occupational
training in Nineveh center for agricultural extension and training from the trainees
point of view in the following aspects: objectives of training course, selecting the
trainees, training content, methods and training aids, requirements of
implementation and training environment, trainers efficiency and training results, to
identify differences in training results according to some personal and vocational
characteristics of the trainees. The number of trainees were 89. which participated
in nine occupational training courses held on Nineveh center for agricultural
extension and training during1/march/2007upto 30/june/2008. The data were
collected through questionnaire, included personal and vocational characteristics of
trainees and 7 aspects for training evaluation. After collecting the data following
statistical methods were used (means and percentage weight, Mann-Whittney test
and Kurskal-Wallis test). The results showed that more than 80% of the trainees
evaluation of occupational training in Nineveh center for agricultural extension and
training was medium to high, and the aspect of trainers efficiency came in the first
rank when arranged by the trainees with percentage weight 82.233%, while the
aspect of methods and training aids came at last 72.066%. The results also showed
no significant differences in training results according to: academic qualification,
years of employment, pre-training in course subject, occupation ambition and desire
to innovativeness, while difference was found in trainees specilization in training
course subject.

This study was conducted during the hydrological year from October 1998 to
September 1999, to determine water origin of some wells, springs, and karizes in
Sulaimani governorate, water samples were analyzed chemically through this
period. Water of twenty locations within and around Sulaimani city which include
(7) karizes, (8) springs and (5) wells were taken and water origin was determined
according to Schoeller,
s classification. Results showed that the origin of all water is
bicarbonates group

Fenugreek seeds were planted in the field is yards (2x2 square meters) of soil type Silty Loam, using 4 levels each of nitrogen zero, 50, 80, 120 kg N. ha -1 and phosphorus zero,50, 120,200 kg P. ha -1 and potassium zero, 50, 120, 170 kg K. ha -1 and three replicates, samples were taken from the shoots of the plant in the middle of plant age and to the extent where the nutrients nitrogen , phosphorus and potassium. At the end of the experiment as the sum of fruits and oil in the fruits, was applied to the DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) on the results obtained, it holds twice the first fruits of the production function and the second time the oil in the fruits, is the precedent applied science for the first time to plant coriander, has demonstrated the use of DRIS system in the shoots its effectiveness and success in diagnosing the status of nutrient set for the production of plants and succeeded in the selection of optimum fertilizer recommendation gave the best balance diet with the best sum of fruits and holds oil once again, and this has gained the status of flexibility in the DRIS diagnosis, where the researcher and farmer plenty of time to avoid the lack of diagnostic elements as specific elements for the production of fruit or the production of oil in the fruit. Corresponding values in the standard coriander leaf N/P , N/K , K/P 14.5, 1.10, 13.2 in the case of the sum of seeds and 16.6 , 1.10 , 14.0 when the sum of the oil. And thus can be this way - to some extent - to identify the user for each element Index and give the values of standard suitable Norms and thus a special Chart Drawing results of the study is the first globally to plant coriander. The highest sum of the seeds of 1618 kg. Ha -1 when the transaction N120P120K120 , and the highest production of oil in the seeds of 7.57 % when the transaction N50P120K170, compared with the treatment N0P0K0 witness the fruits of 981 kg. ha -1 and 6.74 %..

Fifteen local breed male rabbits 8 weeks aged were allocated into three
groups. In order to study the effect of using Nigella Sativa seeds in their rations on
productive performance, carcass traits and digestibility. The first group was fed
standard ration according to (NRC, 1994), containing 15.6% crude protein 2243
kcal/kg. ME, and 10% soybean meal (SBM), while the second and third groups
were fed the same ration with exception of partial replacement of (SBM) in a ratio
of 2 and 4% by Nigella Sativa L. seeds (NSS), respectively. The feeding trial lasted
for eight weeks, the amounts of ratio consumed and weight gained were determined
weekly. At the last week of feeding period all feces produced from each group were
collected, then all rabbits were slaughtered and carcass measurements were taken.
There were no statistical differences among the groups in the average of final wt.
and total wt. gain, the feeding conversion ratio was improved at 22% for the groups
which were fed rations with NSS when compared with the group fed standard
ration. However there were no statistical differences amongst all groups concerning
carcass measurements. The results indicated an improvement in the dry matter and
the other nutrients digestibility for rabbits consuming ration containing NSS. In
conclusion the addition of NSS at 4% in the ration of local rabbits improve the
values of productive parameters, carcass traits and nutrients digestibility.

This study was carried out to know the effects of adding the probiotic on
some hemato-biochemical parameters in broiler chickens . 200 of broiler chickens
(Cobb) one day-old were randomly divided into 4 groups(50 chicks / each / 2
replicates ) which used as follows:T1 control fed standard ration ,while other
treatments groups by adding of probiotic to the ration (2,4 and 6 Kg probiotic/Ton
of ration ) on respectively .Chicks raised on standard conditions to the age of
marketing (42 days ) .Blood samples were obtained two times at day (21 and 42 )
for studying physiological changes. Results revealed a significant increase in blood
glucose levels in the probiotic treated groups in the 2nd period as compared with the
1
st period at p≤0.05. Also there is a significant decrease in the cholesterol levels in
both period as compared with control, the decrease was proportionally- related with
probiotic concentrations at p≤0.05. Results also showed a significant increase in
total serum protein, albumen and globulin concentrations in the 4th group in the 1st
period as compared with control, and in the 2nd ,3rd and 4th groups in the 2nd period
as compared with the 1st period. Also there is a significant increase in RBCs count,
Hb and MCHC as compared with control. In conclusion, results revealed that the
probiotics treatment improve some important hematological and biochemical
parameters that enhances the bird immunological and reproductive performance.

The experiment was conducted at the poultry farm, College of Agriculture,
American University of Biuret for the period of March, 11, 2005. The objective of
this study was to find out the effect of strain and protein source (Animal or plant
protein) in the length, weight and histological assessments of small intestine .and its
effect in food absorbtion and body weight. Three broiler strains were used in this
study these strain were Ross308, Cobb500 and Hubbard. These strains were raised
on two rations differ in the protein source (Animal or plant protein). Statistic
analysis of data showed no significant differences for Protein source in the length
and weight duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caeca, total length of digestive tract and
villi depth at 6 or 8 weeks of age within the three strains. significant differences in
the length and depth for strain Hubbard . no significant effect for Protein source in
the villi length.--0

This experiment was conducted at the Al-Rashidiya Experiment Station General Director of Applied Agriculture Research for the period from March 2004 to March 2005. Thirty two Awassi ewes aged 3 – 5 years with average body weight 47.6 Kg. were used in this experiment. The ewes were divided into 4 groups each of 8 ewes with one ram in each group. Groups of ewes were given one of following:
a. Well hard water.
b. Well water Treated With NaCO3 to reserve the hardness of the well water.
c. Well water with vitamin mixture.
d. Soft water.
The physiological stages Under Investigation were:
1. Service and pregnancy – (June - October).
2. Parturition – (November - January).
3. Suckling – (mid of January – mid of March).
4. Weaning and dry period which lasted from April and May to the next service.
Blood samples were taken from jugular vein 10 ml / animal every 45 days. The pH were measured directly. Each sample was divided into two parts. First part about 5 ml was stored in hepernized tubes to study the physiological traits of the blood such as blood hemoglobin, PCV, ESR, and RBC, WBC account. the second part was stored as serum to measure the levels of serum total protein.
Data showed the following results:
1. The result indicated that the treatment had significant effect (p 0.01) on blood Hemoglobin, PCV, RBC and WBC count, there were no significant effect on blood pH sedimentation rate of RBC and total serum protein.
2. It was noticed that the physiological stage had a significant (P 0.01) effect on HB, RBC count and data showed significant effect (p 0.05) on blood treats such as WBC and total protein there were no significant effect of physiological stages on blood pH, PCV and sedimentation rate of RBC.
3. Significant differences (p 0.05) were noticed of interaction between treatment and physiological stages on WBC count.

Processed cheese was manufacture from whole sheep milk. The first
treatment was conducted by mixing full cream sheep milk cheese with low fat cow
curd cheese; in other treatment a low fat labnah (semidried yoghurt) was used to
produce three levels of low, medium and high fat cheese (20,30 and 40%
±1)respectively, calculated on dry matter base. Three types of emulsifiers were used
for each fat level. From chemical analysis the curd and labnah used had decreased
fat percent because they contain less fat. Chemical contain of cheese where
inversely increased with fat percent. Physical properties of the processed cheese
were improved concerning dispersion, penetration and cutting time, Whoever the
least improvement was observed in low fat cheese stored at refrigeration for a
longer storage time when using sodium citrate as emulsifier which gave the sample
more higher. Cheese samples were organoleptically evaluated and the best sample
was the high fat cheese stored in refrigerator for one day. Results also indicated that
using low fat labnah as filling matter was preferable compering to curd in both
physical and organoleptical properties

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of fertilization
levels, years of adding fertilizers, and age of growth rings on the percentages of the
chemical components of young Pinus brutia Ten. Trees grown in Nineveh forest.
Analysis of variance shows that all factors with their interactions have significantly
affected all the chemical components except the factor of the years of adding
fertilizer as there has no significant effect on the percentages of extracts and the
interaction of the years of adding fertilizer and fertilizing levels as there has been no
effect on the percentages of extracts in ethanol-benzene. Fertilizing treatments have
generally shown not clear trend in the increase percentages of ethanol-benzene
extracts, while a significant increase in holocellulose and ash percentages were
noticed. The increase in the levels of fertilizing treatments has led to a decrease in
the percentages of lignin and hot-water extracts compared with samples that have
not received fertilizer. The fertilizing treatment (70 gm. Compound fertilizer, 750
ppm. Iron and 45 ppm. Zinc) compared with the non-fertilized trees have given the
highest ratios of increase in the percentages of holocellulose as it has reached (11.21
%), and (72.22 %) for the ash, and the highest ratio of decrease in the percentage of
lignin (26.36). It has been evident that providing fertilizer for two successive years
(the fourth and fifth years of age) has led to a higher increase in the percentages of
holocellulose and ash and a highest decrease in lignin compared to the addition for
one year (fourth year). It is found that the fertilizing treatment (70 gm compound
fertilizer, 750 ppm iron, and 30 ppm. Zinc) provided for two successive years have
more effecting decreasing the percentage of lignin. The highest increase in the
holocellulose obtained from the interaction effect of (70 gm compound fertilizer,
750 ppm. Iron, and 30 ppm. Zinc) provided for one year, while the same treatment
provided for two successive years has led to an increase in ash content. According
to the results obtained, we can state that the ratios of the studied components are still within the ranges that are industrially acceptable, so these woods although
fertilized are useful to be used in the wood industries, especially in paper,
fiberboards, and particleboards.

This Study has been conducted to determine the most crucial of pollution
and evaluate the percentage portions of these sources out of the whole sewage
water in Aleppo city. the chemical characteristics of raw domestic sewage water
and the amount of sewage water that goes in to the total run water in some
different areas in Aleppo (low, medium, and high income areas).had been
studied.For the( pH, NH4, TDS, BOD5, COD), all values are down allowable
concentration based Syrian Standards 2850 for 2002. For the low income areas,
an excess of TSS values during morning hours. While an excess of PO4 values
and those of olis and lubrication have been noticed during different day hours
except for the noon time, and an excess of ABS values at dawn and midnights
times. For medium in come areas, there has been an excess in the values of
PO4during the different day hours, an excess in the values of oils and lubrications
at morning, noon. and night hours. and an excess of ABS values only at
midnights. For high in come areas. an excess of TSS values were noticed at noon,
an excess of oils and lubrication values at different time except for nights, and
an excess of PO4 values at all times and an excess of ABS values at dawn and
midnights compared with the allowable concentration based Syrian Standards
2850 for 2002. Based on the initial evaluation, the amount of domestic and
industrial sewage water is estimatedat 480000 m3
/day. Out of this amount about
455500 m3
/day that is 94.9% comes form domestic consumption, and 24500
m3/day (5.1%) is industrial sewage.

In this work Bioassay technique had used to identify the allelopathic potential
effects of different parts of Johnson grass on the germination and seedlings growth
of bread and durum Wheat, 2-row and 6-row Barley, Chickpea and Lentil. The
results showed different inhibition of allelopathic potential for the residues in
comparing with the control treatments for all six crops. The root extracts had the
highest inhibition impacts on all of the characteristics studied, and less effect of
both shoots and seeds. While the effect of seed extracts had the same effect or as
control in most cases. The radical length and dry weight affected more than
germination percentage, shoot length and shoot dry weight. The results also
indicated that Lentil was more affected than 2-row Barley, bread Wheat, 6-row
Barely and durum wheat, while the Chickpea had the lowest response.

The studying in some local aquatic plants was known as the duckweed Lemna
sp. in natural conditions during four seasons in various regions of Baghdad, the
components of nutrients in the duckweed plant were varied with regions and these
were a significant variations of protein ratios 13.30-55.00%, ash 18.25-24.96%,
carbohydrates 16.35-50.37%, fat 0.05-2.60% Fiber 3.53-9.23% abd moisture 5.55-
7.60%, the concentration of heavy elements significant variations at the plant where
zinc concentration was between 36.21-83.01 mg/kg, iron between 2979.24-969.18
mg/kg, lead between 0.79-104.06 mg/kg and copper between 1.69-12.39 mg/kg, the
productivity of duckweed was moral variations within regions and seasons, spring
marked the highest productivity was the Zaafaraniya and was at least for the winter in
Dowra. We Concludes from the studying of plant duckweed water; it could be
obtained throughout the year depending on the suitable climatic conditions in our
country is Iraq, as well as a source of high-value food feeder.

The results of the effect of some seed powders of Cuminum cyminum,
Coriandrum sativum and Eniculum vulgre on some biological aspect of
Trogoderma granarium showed a various repellancy and attractivness effects on
larvae and adults of khapra beetle and the seed powder of C. cyminum exhibit a
higher repellancy effects on the larvae and adults reached 42.5, 32.5% respectively,
while the seed powder of C. sativum revealed a good attraction effect to the adults
of khapra at a 6% concentration reached 60%. The results also showed that the seed
powder of C. sativum Has a good effect in reducing the weight loss of Wheat grain
at 8% concentration in comparison with the control. The seed powders of the tested
plants exhibited different effects on insect rate of increase and sex ration of males
and females.