Iraqi National Journal Of Chemistry

The rather old and well known Fe(III)-thiocyanate system has been restudied. The
stepwise mole ratio complexation between them has been carefully confirmed. A
wavelength shift from 460 t0 480 nm has been observed by increasing SCN- ion
concentration and remained constant at 480nm.where Fe(III): SCN- was 1:6. An
improvement in the problem of stability of the complex has also been achieved by
creating an oxidizing medium using 9.5x10-4 M KMnO4 , to prevent the inner redox
reaction between SCN- and CNS-. The stability has been improved from zero time to
about 47 mins. Total iron has been determined in water and drugs down to 0.06ppm Fe3+
with r2 = 0.9997 ,recovery of 99.1-102% and precision of 0.13%. A hypsochromic
shift from 480 to 410 nm. caused by the effect of fluoride ion was exploited for its
indirect determination down to 0.019ppm F – .This concentration can be lowered even
more than that obtained with fluoride ion selective electrode if standard addition method
was used. The recovery of F – ion was between 105-95%, with C.V. 2%. This method
was .used for the determination of F – ion in water and toothpaste and compared with
the results obtained with fluoride ion-selective electrode using statistical treatments.

Abstract
The extraction of Copper has been studied as a complex by means of 2-[ (4-Bromo phenyl)
azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole dissolved in chloroform .The study revealed that the optimum
pH value was (pHext. = 9 ), concentrations of Cu(II) ion in aqueous solution giving highest
distribution ratio (D) were (40µg) and the ligand [1x10-4M] respectively and the
optimum shaking time to reach the equilibria was ten minutes . Studies organic solvent
showed there is not any linear relation between dielectric constant of organic solvents and
distribution ratio (D) of extraction ,but there is an effect for the structure of organic solvent .
The thermodynamic study demonstrates the complexation reaction is an exothermic at
temperature degrees ( 20 C 0 - 70 C0 ).

The aims of this investigation were the determination of stability constants of some dyes
formed by reactions of imines with diazotized sulphanilic sodium salt at different pH values
and temperatures . These stability constants were evaluated spectrophotometrically by
reactions of donor imines in a forms of oxime or Schiff bases with sulphanilic sodium salt as
an acceptor . This study led to a comparison between stability constants values of similar
imines in a forms of syn or anti oximes or Schiff bases having substituents as OH , NH2 ,
NO2 and CH3 groups on aromatic ring of primary amine parts of Schiff bases . Finally ,
results collected were interpreted and discussed in detail .

The elements are widely distributed in nature with variable proportions, which
lead to variation in foods intake of these elements according to their sources in plants or
foodstuffs.
These elements play a vital role in growth, health and maintenance of human
body.
In this study the macronutrients elements (Ca, P, S, Mg, K, Na) and trace elements (Zn,
Fe, Cu, Mn, Se) were measured in the seed oil of Nigella sativa by using atomic
absorption spectrophotometers. The results observed the presence of significant
quantities of the above elements which to be considered as a good source of trace
elements supplimination to human body by used the oil of nigella sativa in certain
amounts.

A bidentate Schiff base ligand; 2,3-Bis[N-(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazineimino)butane(L), and its
new homobimetallic complexes have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of
analytical, spectral, magnetic and conductance measurements. The compositions of these
complexes are found to be [(M)2L(µ-CH3COO)2(η-CH3COO)2].XH2O (where M=Co(II) or
Cu(II), [(Zn)2L(µ-CH3COO)2(η-CH3COO)2]; and [(Ni)2L (µ-CH3COO)2(η-CH3COO)2(H2O)4]
XH2O. The overall IR data suggest the bidentate (NN) nature of the ligand and the metal centres
are bridged by bidentate CH3COO groups. The Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes are proposed
to be square planar, while the Ni(II) complex is proposed to be octahedral.

The ligand 1-[2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-thio)acetyl]-3-methyl-2-Pyrazolin-5-one was
synthesized by the reaction of 2-mercapto benzothiazol with ethyl chloro acetate in an
ethanolic solution . The product was reacted with hydrazine in the same solution and the
product reacted with ethyl aceto acetate. The complexes of this ligand have been
synthesized from the reaction of the ligand with the metal ions [Mn(II),Co(II),Ni(II),
Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pt(IV)].Elemental analysis (C.H.N), FT-IR, UV-Visible
spectroscopy, atomic absorption , magnetic susceptibility, molar ratio and molar
conductance measurements have been determined. Metal to ligand [M:L] ratio obtained
for all complexes in ethanol using molar ratio method , Evidence from IR spectra shows
that in all the complexes the ligand is coordinated Via the pyrazolin nitrogen, and exo
cyclic sulfer m oxygen atom.

A dibasic tetradentate Schiff base ligand; 2,5-bis(o-hydroxyphenylimino)hexane, (H2L),
and their new binuclear complexes have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of
analytical, spectral, magnetic and conductance measurements. The compositions of these
complexes were found to be [(M)2(L)2(H2O)4] (where M = Co(II) or Cu(II)) ;
[(Zn)2(L)2].2H2O ; and [(Ni)2(L)2].14H2O (in molar ratio of 2:2 as metal : ligand) ; also
[(M)2(L)(Cl)2)(H2O)2] (where M =Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) or Zn(II) (in molar ratio of 2:1 as
metal : ligand). The overall IR data suggest the dibasic, tetradentate (N2O2) nature of the
ligand. The decomposition degrees and insolubility in common organic solvents support the
binuclear structure of these complexes. Conductance measurements show a non electrolytic
nature of the complexes.

In this work, isondoline -1,3-dione derivatives [2-5] were prepared from the
corresponding anhydrides and 4-amino antipyrine [1].Derivatives[6-11] containing urea
and thioureamoieties at position [4]were prepared from 4-amino antipyrine[1] and an
appropriatearyl or alkyliso or (isothio)cyanates and then converted into pyrimidine
derivatives [12-15].
Treatment of compound [1] with formic acid or acetic acid give the amide derivatives [16
and 17], which upon refluxing of compound [16]) with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol
yielded the corresponding 2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3,e][1,2,4]
triazine [18].
Reacting compound [1] with acetyl acetone in boiling ethanol for 6hrs,
leads to 4-amino antipyrine derivative [19]. The azomethines[20-22] were prepared from
the corresponding aryl aldehydes and compound [1].

Many new derivatives for L-ascorbic acid were prepared after closed the positions
(2, 3, 5, and 6) in the L-ascorbic acid. Then its reaction with several amino acids (glycine,
alanine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine). TLC, Elemental analysis, FTIR and H1.NMR
spectroscopy, has characterized the synthesized compounds.

In this work, 4-chloro acet amide derivative [2] was prepared from 4-amino
antipyrine [1] and chloro acetyl chloride then converted into thiozolidine-4-one [3] on
reaction with KSCN. Subsequent refluxing of compound [3] with 3-nitrobenzaldehyde
in the presence of NaOAC-acetic acid gave the derivative [4]. The hydrazide derivative
[5] was prepared from the 4-chloro acet amide derivative [2] and hydrazine hydrate,
which upon refluxing with acetyl aceton in absolute ethanol yielded antipyrine
containing pyrazol moiety [6], refluxing of compound [2] with some amines in absolute
ethanol afford the corresponding acetamide derivatives [7-10]. Moreover, reaction of [1]
with CS2 and KOH afforded the salt [11], which upon reaction with hydrazine hydrate at
45-55oC for 1hr, yielded the fused ring derivative [12].
The Schiff base [13] was prepared from 3-nitro benzaldehyde and compound [1], and
then oxidized by KMno4 into the acid derivative [14]. Diazotization of compound [1]
with NaNo2/HCl led to azo derivative [15] which is reacted with acetyl acetone to give
compound [16]. Reaction of compound [[16] with hydrazine led to ring closure giving
derivative with pyrazole moiety [17]. Furthermore, reaction of [1] with tetrahydrofuran
in acetic acid gave derivative with pyrrolidin moiety [18].

Ethanolic maceration extract of Solanum nigrum L. fruits belonging to solanaceae
family was used. Anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was examined using
carrageenan induced paw edema and xylene induced ear edema in mice. Antinociceptive
activity was studied using the hot plate and writhing tests. The study was carried out
using doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg orally. The extract showed significant anti
inflammatory and antinociceptive activity at the dose of 400 mg/kg (P < 0.01) as
compared to standard drug Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg). Antioxidant and reducing
power activities were evaluated using different concentration (100-400 µg/mL) of
ethanol extract. The extract had the most potent antioxidant effect toward linoleic acid
model system, and strong reducing power ability.

The study was designed to evaluate serum cholinesterase activity, lipid peroxidation,
lipids profile and nitric oxide production, in sera of diabetes type 2 and the control group to
show whether there are changes in their levels.
The results of this study showed significant elevations (P< 0.001) in each of serum
cholinesterase and lipid peroxidation end product represented by serum MDA concentrations in
type 2 diabetic patients as compared to control group.
Although, this study showed a non-significant elevation in serum nitrite, the nitrate was
elevated significantly (P< 0.001) in diabetic type 2 patients as compared to control group. The
lipids profile of diabetic type 2 patients showed significant changes represented by significant
elevations (P< 0.001) in each of TG, t. cholesterol, LDL and VLDL, and a significant decrease
(P< 0.001) in HDL as compared to control group.
Using regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between serum
cholinesterase (P< 0.001) and each of FBS (r = 0.698), MDA (r = 0.69), NOx (r = 0.51), t.
cholesterol (r = 0.487), TG (r = 0.691), LDL (r = 0.575), and VLDL (r = 0.455), and a
significant negative correlation(P< 0.001) with HDL (r = - 0.861).
Conclusion can be made that diabetes mellitus is a low grade systematic inflammation
associated with high oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and serum cholinesterase activity,
which may in turn, affect lipoproteins metabolism.

The study was designed to understand the relationship between calcium ions, erythrocyte
membrane AChE activity and some related ions like iron, copper, zinc, and selenium with type
2 diabetes mellitus.
Sixty patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (30 males, and 30 females) aged
between (34)to(65) years with a mean age of (44.11 ± 12.03) were included in this study. The
diabetic patients were diagnosed on the basis of WHO criteria. All patients having a history of
duration of disease more than one year and no one of them have a hypertension.
The control group comprised of (60) healthy individuals (30 males and 30 females), aged
between (30) to (66) years with a mean age of (45.1± 11.87). The control subjects were
selected from the staff of Al-Basrah General Hospital and from the staff and the students of
various colleges of Al-Basrah University. They had no history of diabetes mellitus or any
other disease.
The results of this study showed significant elevations (P< 0.001) in erythrocyte
membrane AChE activity in type 2 diabetic patients as compared to control group. Serum
calcium was significantly decreased in patients with diabetes type 2. The study showed alsosignificant elevations (P< 0.001) in iron stores; represented by serum ferritin, and serum
copper and a significant decrease serum zinc and selenium of diabetic type 2 patients.
Regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation (P< 0.01) between serum
calcium and AChE in males. Non-significant negative correlations between serum calcium and
each of AChE, and serum iron of females and with the serum copper and ferritin of males.
Serum calcium showed significant positive correlations with both serum zinc and selenium,
and a non-significant positive correlations with serum ferritin of females and serum iron of
males.
Conclusion can be made that a neuronal shock (stroke) causes elevations in the
exocytosis of the neurotransmitter ACh, as a result of high calcium influx into the neurons,
and in the same time a shock causes calcium influx into muscle cells in order to do its
contraction. The high influx of calcium enhances intracellular oxidation processes and may be
complicated to diabetes type 2.