Iraqi National Journal Of Chemistry

The transport experiments of Pb2+,Cd2+ and Zn2+ metal cations were
performed by dibenzo-18- crown -6 , dicyclo18-crown-6 , kryptofix 2.2.2 and diaza
18-crown -6 using 1,2- Dichtoro ethane , chloroform and carbon tetra chloride as
liquid membrane , The aqueous source phase consisted of 10-3M of Metals nitrate in
10 ml of double distilled deionized water at PH = 5.2 – 5.5 and the receiving phases
consisted of 10 ml double distilled deionizer water at PH = 3.2-3.7 . The effects of
operating conditions , stirring speed , type of carrier structure and solvents in the feed
and strip phase were studied . From the results that the transport rate of Pb2+, Cd2+ and
Zn2+ metal cations can be enhanced by increasing stirring speed but not very high ,
dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 is the best carrier structure and du to the effect cyclohexhl
which is electron donating group, 1,2- di chloro ethane was found the best set solvent
according to permeability and flux data du to its polarity constants Also , the
transport rate efficiency observed of cations the selectivity of cations is Pb2+ , Cd2+
and Zn2+ which are appreciable with the value of its hydration energy and the
Pearson,s Hard Soft Acid Base principle (HSAB).

This reserch involved hetrocyclic compounds such as ( β-Lactam derivatives ,
Thiazolidine-4- one derivatives , midazolidin-4-one derivatives) were prepared by reaction
between 4 -( 1H–benzo [d]imidazol -2-yl aniline (1) with p-amino acetophenone to get N
( 1- ( 4-aminophenyl ) ethylidene ) -4-(1H - benzo[d] imidazol -2-yl)aniline(2) which
reacts with substutid aromatic aldehyde to get 4-(1-(( 4-( 1H-benzo [d] imidazol -2- yl )
phenyl ) imino )ethy l) -N-( derivative benzylidene) aniline . The cyclization of (3-6) with
chloroacetylchloride , thioglycollicacid and α-aminoacid such as glycine and aniline give
the corresponding β-lactam (7-10) , thiazolidine-4-one (11-14) and imidazolidine-4-one
(15-22) derivatives.
.All this compounds characterized by means of FT- IR , 1H-NMR, and follow reaction by
Rf - TLC and Measure melting point .

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of
microgram amounts of Thymol in pure form and in mouth wash preparations was
described.The method is based on a diazotization and coupling reaction between
Thymol and diazotized 4-bromo aniline in basic medium to form an intense yellow
water-soluble dye that is stable, which shows maximum absorption at 464nm. Beer’s
law is obeyed over the concentration range of(0.6-7.2) μg.ml-1 of Thymol, with a
molar absorptivity of 3.0284×104 l mol-1 cm-1, and Sandell sensitivity index of 0.004
μg/cm2 The method does not resort to temperature control or to solvent extraction.
The optimum conditions for all colour development are described and proposed
methods were successfully applied to the determination of Thymol in mouth wash
preparations. The common excipients and additives did not interfere in this method.

The prepared activated carbon from hazelnut shells (HS) was used to remove the
reactive red 2 dye (RR 2) from aqueous solutions, the adsorption behavior of dye onto the
porous carbon was studied by varying parameters such as different doses, pH, contact
time and temperature. The amounts of reactive red 2 dye adsorbed increased with an
increased temperature. Adsorption isotherms of reactive red 2 dyes on activated carbon
were determined and correlated with common isotherms equations. It was found that the
Langmuir and Freundlich model appears to fit the isotherm data. The maximum
adsorption capacity of dye was 8.67 mg/g at 45 oC and pH 3. The thermodynamic
parameters (ΔGo, ΔHo, ΔSo) were also determined from the temperature dependence, the
results showed that the process of adsorption reactive red 2 dye was spontaneous and
endothermic process and an increase in temperature favored the adsorption.

This paper reports on photocatalytic decolorization of a hazardous indigo
carmine dye solution. The photocatalytic decolorization was carried out in the
presence of the catalyst ZnO. The effect of catalyst dose, pH and initial dye
concentration on the degradation process has been assessed. The aqueous dye solution
was degraded in a photochemical reactor in the presence of UV light (365nm) along
with suspended ZnO particles. 100 ml of dye solution (25ppm) was subjected to
degradation under UV light. Different concentrations of ZnO photocatalyst (0.25,
0.50, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 g/L), different pH values (4, 7, 9 and 11) and different
concentrations of indigo carmine dye (5, 10, 25, 50, 100 ppm) were employed for the
present study. The decolorization rate of the hydrolysed dye solution was higher than
that of the unhydrolysed dye solution.The chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction
at optimum conditions was examined. The decolorization of the dye was confirmed
from the disappearance of peak at 608 nm.

In this study, activated carbon was prepared from coconut shell using sulfuric
acid activation (CSAC). Removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution
was performed using a batch technique for determination of the effects of initial pH,
mass dosage, initial concentration and temperature. Adsorption of methylene blue
(MB) was increased with increasing temperature, the maximum percentage removal
of 73.14% (adsorption capacity 48.76 mg.g-1), 77.07% (adsorption capacity 51.36
mg.g-1), and 81.47% (adsorption capacity 54.31 mg.g-1) for the temperature of 10 0C,
30 0C, and 55 0C respectively. Equilibrium data were mathematically modeled using
the Langmuir, Freundlich, Fritz-Schelunder adsorption models to describe the
equilibrium isotherms at different dye concentrations and temperatures, parameters of
best-fit model were calculated and discussed. It was found that pH plays a major role
in the adsorption process; adsorption capacity was influenced by the physical and
surface chemical properties of carbon and the pH of the solution. Change in Gibbs
free energy (ΔG), entropy (ΔS), and enthalpy (ΔH) were also calculated, from the
adsorption results were found the adsorption process was endothermic.

This research is included the isolation of glutathione peroxidase(GPx) from the
pea (Pisum sativum), studied the factors effecting the activity of the enzyme and
determination of its molecular weight. One proteinous band had been isolated by gel
filtration sephadex (G-50) from the proteinous supernatant produced by ammonium
sulfate saturation(65%) after dialysis and the product from (G-50) give two bands by
sephadex (G-100). It was found that the first peak (Peak A) had a high activity for
(GPx). The apparent molecular weight of the isolated enzymes using gel filtration
chromatography was (89388+ 850) Dalton for GPx .
The results also showed that the optimum conditions of GPx was obtained at
(100µg/ml) of enzyme concentration using (25 mmol/l) of glutathione(GSH) as a
substrate, phosphate buffer (0.5 mol/l) as a buffer at pH (7.5) for (12) minutes at
(40C). Using Lineweaver–Burk plot, the values of maximum velocity (Vmax) and
Michaelis constant (Km) were (2.1 µmol/ min) and (1.25 mmol/l) respectively. Beside
of, the study showed inhibition for antibiotics, analgesic and other types drugs on the
enzyme activity, especially of psedeuphidrine and flagyl.

been developed for the determination of roxithromycin in pure form , pharmaceutical
preparations and environmental water samples. The method was based on the reaction of
roxithromycin with concentrated sulfuric acid to form red color product having
absorption maxima at 485nm .The molar absorptivity of the proposed method was
1.34×105 l. mol-1. cm -1 and its absorbance was linear with concentration rang 5- 50
µg/ml . The relative standard deviation of the method was less than 2% and accuracy
(average recovery ) was 99.98% .The substance commonly found with roxithromycin
did not interfere .The advantages of the proposed method include a high sensitivity and
considered to be simple because it does not need heating or solvent extraction steps .
The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of roxithromycin in
pure form ,pharmaceutical preparations and in environmental water samples.

In this study, four ligands were synthesized from reaction of 2,6-diformyl-4-chloro
methoxy benzene with different amino compounds such as( 2-amino furan ,2-amino
thiophene ,2-amino thiazole , 2-amino sulphadiazine ) to produce ligands [1-4] ,the
synthesized ligands is named {N,N--(5-Chloro-2-Methoxy-1,3-phenylene)bis
(Methan-1-yl-ylidene)dithiophen-2-amine(FCM),N,N--(5-Chloro-2-Methoxy-1,3-
phenylene)bis(Methan-1-yl-ylidene)difuran-2-amine (TCM),N,N-- (5-Chloro-2
Methoxy-1,3-phenylene)bis (Methan-1-yl-ylidene)dithiazol-2-amine (ZCM),N,N--
(5-Chloro-2-Methoxy-1,3-phenylene) bis(Methan-1-yl-ylidene) (SCM)}
respectively.The ligand (ZCM) is used as a ligand with (Zn2+ ,Cd2+) to formation of
complexes and study of optimal conditions of complexes
(stoichiometric study ,pH ,concentration of metals and ligand ,molar conductance)
.All ligands with complexes were studied for antibacterial and antifungi activity.All
ligands with complexes were characterized by (H.NMR–spectra ,FT.IR–spectra
(C.H.N)-analysis, UV-Vib-spectra) , melting points.

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of
microgram amounts of chlorpromazine Hydrochloride drug in aqueous solution is
described. The method is based on the Oxidative coupling reaction between
chlorpromazine hydrochloride and para methoxy aniline in the presence of sodium
periodate and Sulfuric acid to form an intense red -Violet colored product with
maximum absorption at 546 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range
of( 0.5 – 11.2) ppm with molar absorptivity of 6.398x104 l.mol-1.cm-1 and Sandell`s
sensitivity of 0.005
μg.cm-2 . The method does not resort to temperature control or to solvent extraction.
The optimum conditions for all colour development are described and the proposed
method has been successfully applied for the determination of chlorpromazine
hydrochloride in bulk drug and pharmaceutical Preparations(Largactil drug). The
common excipients and additives did not interfere in this method.

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of
microgram amounts of chlorpromazine Hydrochloride drug in aqueous solution is
described. The method is based on the Oxidative coupling reaction between
chlorpromazine hydrochloride and para methoxy aniline in the presence of sodium
periodate and Sulfuric acid to form an intense red -Violet colored product with
maximum absorption at 546 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range
of( 0.5 – 11.2) ppm with molar absorptivity of 6.398x104 l.mol-1.cm-1 and Sandell`s
sensitivity of 0.005
μg.cm-2 . The method does not resort to temperature control or to solvent extraction.
The optimum conditions for all colour development are described and the proposed
method has been successfully applied for the determination of chlorpromazine
hydrochloride in bulk drug and pharmaceutical Preparations(Largactil drug). The
common excipients and additives did not interfere in this method.