Iraqi National Journal Of Chemistry

Proteins play a central role in cell function and cell structure, serum and saliva contain mixture of protein differing in origin and function, the amount of protein in the vascular depends on the balance between the rate of synthesis and the rate of catabolism or loss(1) .It is a well-established and evidence based fact that plasma protein level may suffer changes during disease (2) .The use of plasma protein in the diagnosis of various diseases and provide pathophysiological information has increased markedly over the past decade, of the more than 100 plasma proteins which have been characterized from a basic biochemical stand point; relatively few have well documented clinical significance(3). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous metabolic disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia and long term complication (4). Monitoring people with diabetes involves repeated estimation of plasma glucose by finger pricks or by intravenous blood sampling (5). Hence, a noninvasive procedure for glucose measurement almost precious under circumstance (5).Incidentally an array of oral manifestation has been reported in the diabetic population, such as dental caries, unexplained dentalgia, oral mucosal lesions, infection, burning, mouth syndrome and taste disorder (6). Oral physicians tend to play a pivotal role in detecting and diagnosing this endocrine disease on the bases of the oral signs and symptoms (7). Recently many researchers have been directed toward using saliva components as surrogate for systemic biomarker in blood(1). Saliva has long been viewed as unique yet complex body fluids, like plasma and serum. Saliva is easy to collect by noninvasive method and preservation is inexpensive. The diagnostic value of saliva lies into components, flow and structure of gland (8). Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous metabolic disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia and long term complication. The aim of current research to study the influence of both types of diabetic diseases on concentration of total protein, albumin and globulins. And to look out the possibility of using saliva rather than serum, as a diagnostic fluid to follow the changes in these parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 109 patients with Diabetes disease, 72 with type І (T1DM) and 37 with type ІI (T2DM) 68 age and gender matched healthy individuals were the samples of the present study. Concentration of total proteins, albumin and globulins were measured in both saliva and sera samples of the patients and the healthy individuals (control group).Results: Total protein measurement results revealed presence of highly significant decrease in serum and highly significant increase in saliva samples of patients with both types of the disease. Albumin concentration was found to decrease significantly in sera and saliva samples of patients with both types of diabetic and highly significant increase was observed in globulins concentration in sera and saliva samples of the patients groups in comparison to the control groups.Conclusion: the result of the present study suggests the possibility of using measurement of total protein concentration and globulins concentration in saliva of type 1 of diabetes as a reflection of the changes that occur in these parameters in serum of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

In the present study benzofuran based chalcones 1(a,b) are synthesized by condensing aromatic aldehydes with 2-acetylbenzofuran in the presence suitable base. These chalcones are very useful precursors for the synthesis of pyrazoline, isoxazoline, pyrmidine, cyclohexenone and indazole derivatives. All these compounds are characterized by their melting points, FTIR and 1HMNR (for some of them) spectral data .

A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method is developed for the quantitative determination of sulfadiazine (SDZ) in both pure and dosage forms. The method is based on diazotization of primary amine group of sulfadiazine with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid followed by coupling with 2,5-dimethoxy aniline to form a orang colored azo dye which shows maximum absorption at (478) nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of (0.1-5) μg.ml-1 of sulfadiazine, with molar absorptivity of (8,26×104) L mol-1 cm-1, and Sandell sensitivity index of (0.003) μg/cm2. The method does not need to temperature control. The optimum conditions for all color development are described and proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of sulfadiazine in its pharmaceutical preparations (burn cream).

The project aims at the synthesis of Carboxamide derivatives of Dapsone. Three derivatives of benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-chlorobenzoic acid are used to prepare carboxamides of dapsone (I, II and III respectively). All the product is characterized by spectrophotometer. Fourier transmission Infra red (FTIR) shows the distinguish bands of carboxamide, amine, carboxyl and hydroxyl group. The UV-Spectra shows two types of transition л → л* and n→ л*. Proton Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1H-NMR) of carboxamide derivatives shows signals of aromatic protons and broad singlet to the amide proton. Mass spectra of amides have same base peaks due to the loss of C6H6SNO from second fragmentation. Diffusion agar method is used in biological activities. Three types of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) are used in this studies , the carboxamide III has high biological activity than others. By using Density functional theory (DFT) studies explain the stability the carboxamide compounds.

A simple, reproducible and sensitive spectrophotometric method for assay of metoclopramide hydrochloride is investigated. The method is based on the Schiff's base formation reaction of metoclopramide with 1,2-naphoquinone sulphonate (NQS) as chromogenic reagent in the presence of micellar cetylperidinium chloride (CPC) and sodium carbonate in aqueous solution to give a highly coloured product with maximum absorption at 471 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0.1-26 g/ml with a molar absorptivity of 4.124×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 and the limit of detection and quantitation are 0.0416 and 0.1386g/ml respectively. The accuracy (average recovery %) is 100.72 % and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is better than 0.44%. Also, it was found that the product formed was in ratio of 1:1 product with stability constant of 3.2×107 L.mol-1. The method is applied successfully to the assay of metoclopramide hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations and is agreed well with its certified value and with those of British pharmacopoeia method.

This research involved heterocyclic compounds such as (β-lactam ,oxazepine Thiazolidine -4- one , imidazolidin -4-one) derivatives , where prepared frome oxaliodihydrazide(1) which was prepared previously from oxalic acid.(1) is reaction with 4-amino acetophenone to get shiff base derivatives (2),which reaction with Vanillin to yeild shiff base (3) .(3) reaction with (Chloroacetyl chloride, thioglycolic acid ,phthalic anhydride , malic anhydride , succinic anhydride , glycine , alanine,tyrosine , phenylalanine) to get as [β-lactam derivatives(4) , Thiazolidine -4- one derivatives (5) , oxazepine derivatives(6), (7) and(8), imidazolidin -4-one derivatives(9) ,(10),(11) and((12) ].All this compounds characterized by means of FT- IR ,and some of the compoundes by means 1H-NMR,and 13C-NMR,C.H.N, and follow reaction by Rf - TLC and Measure ment melting point .