AL Ghary Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences

Developing countries are witnessing a widening gap with the economies of developed countries, and India is one of the developing countries that seeks to reduce that gap and accelerate the growth of globalization indicators as a way to integrate with global markets and move towards openness, especially in the field of exports, imports, foreign investments and some technological indicators. The most important results that were reached in this research, as the rates of economic and technological progress in India have become very fast, through the annual growth rate it achieves, as India has become the world’s factory, through the huge numbers of labor and its cheapness, the large number of foreign direct investments and the optimal mix It provided an opportunity for its economy to flourish more than any other country, and for that a series of data was adopted during the period (2004-2020) and descriptively analyzed.

International finance is one of the important topics concerned with the international economy, and it expresses the movement of capital from countries where there is a surplus to countries that have a deficit according to specific mechanisms, and international finance has evolved through successive stages of time that have given it great importance in the contemporary economy Finance has become one of the basic components for the development of productive forces The importance of the research is shown by demonstrating the importance of external financing significantly at the present time, as the world is witnessing extensive international economic relations, and it is the main element of contemporary economic activities because financing provides the monetary requirements for economic activities in order to continue and expand these activities, so it requires the provision of the necessary financing for activities .The research problem lies in the statement of the importance of international financing for both borrowing countries and lending countries and its implications on the scientific economy, and the research depends on the analytical approach to agreements on external loans and also for the real internal and external reasons for the resort of developing countries to foreign loans.

The research aims to stop at the concept of inflation and the exchange rate, analyze exchange rate changes and analyze the reality of the inflation index in Iraq, in addition to analyzing the relationship between the exchange rate and inflation in Iraq during the period (2004-2020).

The research also stems from the hypothesis that the exchange rate has an impact on inflation levels in Iraq.

The exchange rate is also a major linking tool between the local economy and international economies, and therefore the exchange rates leave an inevitable impact on the country’s economy, whether in its internal or external transactions. Therefore, the study of exchange rates and their impact on the variables of economic stability is a very important issue for an economy that seeks to achieve internal and external balance. As well as achieving stability in the local currency exchange rates and relative stability in inflation rates.

For this reason, the research was divided into two sections. The first topic dealt with the conceptual aspect of the exchange rate and inflation, while the second topic was about analyzing the impact of the exchange rate policy on the levels of inflation in Iraq.

The research reached a set of results, the most prominent of which was, that the relationship between the exchange rate and inflation is an inverse relationship, and this can be clarified through the government’s action to raise the exchange rate, i.e. reduce the value of the national currency against foreign currencies. Simple, but an inverse relationship between them.

The research came out with a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which was the need to draw up a clear policy by the Central Bank of Iraq to achieve permanent stability in the exchange rate and to ensure a positive impact on inflation levels and the economy as a whole.

Iraq is considered one of the most countries in the world depending on traditional energy sources in the first place, crude oil and natural gas, and crude oil is the largest percentage of its total exports of Iraq, which contributes to the formation of the country's public budget, and this excessive dependence on crude oil is presented to fluctuations in the macroeconomic, while The general budget is exposed to stagnation, financial restriction, and any opportunity to make an opposite policy for the economic cycle in Iraq, as energy fluctuations often lead to confusion and great slowdown in implementing sustainable development plans and the contraction of economic activity in general, due to the great dependence in collecting public expenditures on the revenues achieved from Energy revenues, which is the main engine of the economic wheel in Iraq, so the decline in prices for a long time is a negative indication of the producing countries and exporting traditional energy sources, which has not developed or diversity of other sources that it sings from low prices in the global energy market.

Policy and monetary form the focus of the attention of many economists and economic currents, as monetary policy occupied an important place among economic policies and this is due to their effective contribution to achieving national economic goals. The Iraqi economy faced many problems and economic imbalances at the internal level, which led to the stumbling of development efforts and the decline Economic performance indicators The goal of transition to a market economy and activating the forces of supply and demand in managing the Iraqi economy is one of the most important procedural steps taken to advance and modernize the Iraqi economy in accordance with the vision The Central Bank of Iraq, through its monetary tools, has contributed through a series of technical and legal measures, especially the new Central Bank Law, which embodies this transformation and allows change to keep pace with this transformation.

The current research aims to demonstrate the role of organizational Virtuousness in its dimensions (organizational optimism, organizational trust, organizational sympathy, organizational integrity, organizational forgiveness) in achieving job Engagement: for workers in the Passports Directorates in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Where a questionnaire was designed to collect data, as (283) questionnaires were distributed to the research sample represented by the employees of the researched directorates, and the research sample was chosen randomly. (270) questionnaires were retrieved, with a general response rate of (95%), and after excluding (2) questionnaires that were not valid for statistical analysis, the number of questionnaires valid for statistical analysis reached (268), with an average of (99%) of the number of retrieved questionnaires. Some statistical indicators (descriptive and analytical) were used through the use of the statistical program for social sciences (SPSS-V24) and the program (SmartPLS v.4), the simple linear correlation coefficient (Pearson Correlation), and the structural equation modeling method. The results showed a positive correlation and effect between the variables. Based on the results of the research, a number of recommendations were presented, most notably presenting these modern topics to the departments of the researched directorates to work with them within the organizational life, being one of the necessary work requirements, and to put procedures in place to invest them to the fullest.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between strategic vigilance and adaptive performance, specifically in the Wasit Governorate Police Directorate. Despite the scarcity of studies that attempted to determine the nature of the relationship between the variables of the study (strategic vigilance, adaptive performance), the current study attempts to address a realistic problem that directly affects... The organizational environment of any organization is “lack of interest in enhancing adaptive performance in light of the low level of strategic vigilance.” This study gained its importance because it shed light on two important variables at the organizational and functional levels in organizations, namely (strategic vigilance and adaptive performance), as studying these variables is considered one of the basic necessities to raise the level of performance and achieve goals in organizations in general.
In this study, electronic questionnaire technology was relied upon to collect data. The researcher focused on the officers working in the Wasit Governorate Police Directorate as the target study population (236), and the final number of participants in the study was (218), meaning a response rate of (92.37%). Several statistical techniques were employed for statistical analysis using the programs SPSS and Smart-PLS, and the study came out with the following: Theoretical results: There is a knowledge gap to explain the nature of the relationship between the variables of the study (strategic vigilance and adaptive performance) in organizations in general and security institutions in particular. As for the results The practical results showed that there is an influence relationship between the variables of the study, which is a direct influence relationship between strategic vigilance and adaptive performance.

Purpose: The current study aims to know the role of strategic planning for information systems in Improving the security performance of the Energy Police Directorate in the Ministry of Interior.

Design/Methodology: Diagnosing the research problem began through the emergence of security performance obstacles due to lack of interest in strategic planning for information systems in the department under study. The study problem was identified.With a number of questions, the most important of which was how important is the strategic planning of information systems in improving the security performance of the surveyed department? The study population (in the Directorate of Energy Police in Baghdad Governorate) represented the applied field of research, as the number of distributed questionnaires reached (120),(107) were retrieved from it and (13) were excluded. The current study sought to test a number of main and sub-hypotheses related to the correlation relations and influence relations between the variables of the study in order to answer the questions related to the problem of the study and reach the objectives set, and in order to process the data Several statistical methods (normal distribution, arithmetic mean, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) were used using the SPSS25 statistical program and the Smart pls program.

Theoretical results: There is a knowledge gap about the interpretation of the nature of the relationship between the strategic planning of information systems and security performance.

Practical results: While the practical results confirmed that there is a positive correlation between the strategic planning of information systems in improving security performance, where the effect value was (0.729), which is a positive moral relationship, as the value of the significance level was less than (0.05), which is an acceptable value, and thus the hypothesis Check on the structural level as well

The purpose of the study is to identify the level and nature of the relationship between the strategic planning process with its dimensions (strategic direction, strategic analysis, strategic choice) and the cycle of improving the strategic performance process with its dimensions (financial dimension, customer dimension, internal operations dimension, learning growth dimension) through capacity building. Human resources in their dimensions (knowledge, attitudes, practice, skill). The problem of the study is diagnosed, which crystallizes around the low level of strategic performance in the investigated directorate, despite the great challenges and broad responsibilities within the work environment or the responsibility sector. The result of this may be a low level of the strategic planning process, which works to build human resources capabilities, and the importance of the study is highlighted from During the role of the strategic planning process in influencing the process of building human resources capabilities to achieve the directorate’s outstanding strategic performance in order to achieve the goals and enhance its position among other directorates, the review of previous studies confirmed the existence of a knowledge gap to explain the nature of the relationship between the three variables, in addition to the lack of a single study that combines Among the current variables (according to the researcher’s knowledge), this study gained its importance because it shed light on important variables at the functional level and at the organizational level in order to achieve the objectives of the institution in general. The study took place in the Organized Crime Control Directorate affiliated with the Ministry’s Agency for Federal Intelligence and Investigation Affairs, one of the formations Ministry of Interior, where the study data was collected through a questionnaire form that was designed based on international standards that were modified to suit the Iraqi work environment and were tested for validity and reliability. The questionnaire consisted of (62) items so that all study variables and their branches were covered, and the questionnaire was distributed to the study sample ( 143) officers, and (135) valid questionnaires were retrieved and received from the study population, representing a percentage of (95%) of the total questionnaires distributed. The study presented four main hypotheses to test the impact of strategic planning and its course in improving strategic performance through building human resources capabilities. Several statistical methods were used, including (descriptive statistics, regression analysis, factor analysis, normal distribution, arithmetic mean, relative importance, and standard deviation) and the program (SPSS.V20, SMART PLS), which are necessary to analyze and process the questionnaire data.

The aim of the study is to identify the effect of "creative ingenuity in the learning organization through sample application in the Ministry of Science and Technology", which is one of the governmental organizations. task and to achieve research objectives. The study used the "descriptive" approach, and the "resolution" was relied on to collect data and information as a main tool, where the research community was ((90) among heads* of departments and managers of people, where (104) questionnaires were distributed to the study sample; and (90) were retrieved. A valid questionnaire for analysis, and the data were processed using * a set of statistical means. Appropriate for the nature of the study, AMOS V.25, spss program, which are represented by the following “arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation, relative importance, effect size and T-value and the value of F, the value of A, and the value of “B. The study concluded that there is a correlation relationship, with statistical significance between “creative ingenuity and learning organizations.” The study also presented a number of “conclusions and recommendations. The most important conclusion was that creative ingenuity in all its dimensions and components contributes effectively to achieving All aspects related to the learning organization, and the most important recommendations were to pay attention to creative ingenuity, which has an impact on the learning organization, which contributes to achieving the competitive advantage of the Ministry of Science and Technology

The objective of the current research is to test the effect between structural empowerment (the independent variable) and the proactive behavior of workers (the dependent variable). A sample of workers in the (Directorate of the Holy Karbala Municipality) whose objective is to obtain the required information through a (questionnaire) prepared for this purpose, as the study population reached (45) individuals, and the sample was limited to (40) individuals representing the segment of workers in the Directorate of Karbala Municipality (the center) . Several statistical tools were used in the current research to reach the related results, the most important of which are (Cronbach's alpha coefficient, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, simple regression analysis, test (F), and coefficient of determination (R2) , and marginal slope coefficient (β) by statistical programs (SPSS.V.25).

The research reached several results, including the existence of a statistically significant effect between structural empowerment and proactive behavior. Based on the results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which is that the Holy Karbala Municipality seeks to increase interest in the side of structural empowerment of its employees for the purpose of achieving its planned goals, and seeking to increase interest In addition to the proactive behavior of its employees for the purpose of stimulating their talents and intellectual abilities to enable them to develop appropriate solutions to work problems that may hinder the completion of their tasks

The current study seeks to measure the impact of the financing structure, with its sub-variables (equity at book value to total assets, total short-term debts to total assets, market value of shares to total assets, retained earnings to total assets) As an independent variable, in the added market value as a dependent variable, and determining the type of relationship between the variables of the study, in the industrial companies contributing the study sample, and in order to achieve the objectives of the study and answer its questions, the study tested a sample of industrial joint stock companies, using the data published on the website of the Iraq market. For Securities for the period from (2010-2020) the sample included (12) industrial companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange

The research aimed to demonstrate the impact of strategic agility in exploiting the core capabilities of a group of security leaders in the Salah al-Din Police Directorate and facilities. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher provided a methodological framework for the study and a comprehensive theoretical framework based on the latest sources that dealt with variables, and a field framework for analyzing and testing the research hypotheses, by relying on the questionnaire as a basic tool for collecting data from the researched field, and adopting the descriptive analytical approach through which the researcher tries Description of the phenomenon in question, for this the researcher adopted a comprehensive inventory method in determining the sample size. Search results The researcher distributed (85) forms, retrieved (79) valid for analysis, and the researcher used the statistical package (SPSS) program to describe and diagnose the research variables and test their hypotheses. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was: It was found through the results of the field side that there is a correlation between strategic agility and the exploitation of the core capabilities in the field investigated, so that these results indicate that the exploitation of the core capabilities depends well on the dimensions of strategic agility, that is, these relationships indicate The more the directorate leaders tend to adopt strategic agility, the more this contributes to developing core capabilities. The research presented a set of proposals, the most important of which was creating the appropriate and appropriate conditions and paying attention to the performance of the human resource and motivating it in order to present all its capabilities, skills, creativity and intellectual and technical innovations

This study aims to identify the role of organizational identification in enhancing the quality of health services in some hospitals in Salah al-Din, through the adoption of the descriptive analytical approach, identifying the study community and the sampling unit from the community, as well as indicating the sources of obtaining data and information related to the study variables. In addition to identifying the important steps in the method of all data from the community, and following the practical methods in measuring the validity and reliability of the study, and using the tests to be applied to measure the appropriateness of data for the post-tests, as well as clarifying the statistical methods and treatments used to perform the statistical analysis. The study selected three hospitals in Salah al-Din Governorate, namely (Salah al-Din General Hospital, Baiji General Hospital, and al-Sharqat General Hospital). The study reached a number of results, including: the presence of a significant effect of organizational identification in improving the quality of health service in Salah al-Din hospitals. The results showed a discrepancy in the impact of the dimensions of organizational Identification on the quality of health service, as the cognitive dimension had the highest impact, followed by the emotional dimension. The value dimension was least influential. Based on the results shown by the study, the study presented some recommendations, the most important of which were: the need for the management of organizations to pay attention to the value dimension that obtained the least importance level by the members of the sample surveyed, and to work on taking into account the beliefs and values of the workers to determine common goals with the organization that are consistent with the prevailing values and beliefs in the community and generate a feeling among the workers that their work in the organization is appropriate to achieve their goals.

This study aims to identify the impact of shared leadership (an independent variable) on Strategic Excellence (a dependent variable) in the universities and colleges of the research sample. Universities and private colleges in the holy governorate of Karbala) as a field of study, as it is considered one of the most important service and investment organizations in the holy province of Karbala, as the opinions of a sample of (240) were surveyed according to various scientific titles. A set of statistical methods were used for the purpose of testing the correlation and effect relationships, confirming factor analysis, and using the (Spss v.25) program.

The study also presented a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which is to exploit everything that leads to high performance, and accordingly it is necessary to exploit the concepts of shared leadership in the mentioned universities in a way that contributes to raising the level of Strategic Excellence

The research aims to identify the role of knowledge sharing in achieving high performance for the faculties affiliated with the University of Kufa, considering this sector as one of the important sectors, and that the speed of developments by employing the role of knowledge sharing helps to grow the capabilities of the organization in multiple and different fields, and to clarify the relationship between the variables of the study was Formulating hypotheses about correlation and influence through the hypothesis of the study, which determines the nature of the relationship between the independent variable, knowledge sharing, and the dependent variable, high performance. The questionnaire was adopted as the main tool for data collection and analysis. The number of the sample was (170) people, represented by the college councils (the dean, the administrative and scientific assistant, the head of the department or branch), and for data analysis, he used (the statistical analysis program Axcel, Amos.V23, Spss.V23) and the statistical methods (arithmetic mean, deviation). Standard, coefficient of variation, relative importance, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson) to test the correlation hypotheses and simple linear regression to test the effect hypotheses.The researcher reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a good correlation and effect with a significant significance between the study variables (knowledge sharing, high performance).

The goal of the study is to identify the impact of the role of human resources management in achieving institutional excellence in the General Communications Company in Iraq.

and completed Using many statistical methods to achieve the goals of the study.

One of the most prominent results of the following:-

The presence of a significant impact of polarization and appointment in achieving the leadership institutional excellence It is distinguished by providing service at the General Communications Company in Iraq.
The presence of a significant impact on training and development in achieving leadership and excellence of institutional excellence by providing service at the General Communications Company in Iraq.
The presence of a moral significance effect to evaluate performance in achieving leadership and excellence by providing service at the General Communications Company in Iraq.
The presence of a significant significance of compensation in achieving leadership institutional excellence and distinguished by providing Service in the General Communications Company in Iraq.
The presence of a significant impact on occupational health and safety in achieving leadership institutional excellence It was distinguished by providing service at the General Communications Company in Iraq.
We can put some default solutions that can be taken in the future when practically applied As follows:

Enhancing interest in the ISO system and attaching to training individuals working for the General Communications Company in Iraq .
Continuing to achieve a distinguished competitive center by the senior management of the public company For communications in Iraq.

The study aimed to know the role of transformational electronic human resources management in the characteristics of the learning organization with its dimensions (knowledge sharing, culture, innovation, infrastructure, organizational adaptation) in Asiacell Telecom Company. For the study as a main tool for collecting data and information, Asiacell Communications Company was chosen as the field for the study, and a sample of (351) individuals was chosen, which was withdrawn from the researched company to represent the study population of (2891) individuals, and for the purpose of testing the study’s hypotheses, the researcher distributed the questionnaire electronically by ( Google models) on the workers in the aforementioned field. The responses of the workers (351) were retrieved electronically, and after checking it, the researcher found that it is valid at a rate of (100%) and it was adopted for the purpose of statistical analysis and using the statistical program (Spss-v.26), the study came out with a set of results, the most important of which are There is a positive moral correlation between human resource management practices and the characteristics of the learning organization, and it was a good degree, as well as a significant effect of human resource management practices. Electronic human resources in the educated organization in the company under study, and the study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is directing the company’s management towards investing opportunities to integrate individuals’ knowledge and experiences with each other on an ongoing basis within the company to develop the skills necessary for work, as well as focusing on the areas of electronic human resources management and providing everything possible To enhance these areas and achieve long-term growth and expansion for the company.

This study aims at identifying the impact of the organizational Knowledge on organizational innovation. The study was applied in AL Qadissiya university, distributed (100) questionnaires on the drawing sample teaching staff. The right questionnaire and re-backed was 60.The study was used((spss) V 11.0)to test the Hypothesis and analyzing the result .
The study concluded that the both organizational Knowledge (Tacit and Explicit )were having related positive correlation on the organizational innovation and there were statistical significant omong Variables. The study was arrival to some conclusion and recommendation in the may be benefit to the university.

The current research aims to demonstrate the importance of applying the cost-based technology (ABCII) to improve the use of resources, in light of the intense competition that threatens the continuity of economic units and their dependence on traditional cost systems, as these techniques were applied in the Rubber and Tire Industries Company - (Al-Diwaniyah Tire Factory) As a subject of research, specifically on the frame product, size (1200-24), where the (ABCII) Attributes Based Costing II technique was applied to the research sample for the purposes of improving the use of resources. The research has reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: The use of environmental management accounting techniques provides appropriate information for the management of the economic unit, enabling it to make optimal use of the resources of the economic unit, to conserve energy and achieve customer satisfaction, and the use of cost technology based on specifications contributes to the development of products that meet the customer’s desires. It encourages employees to innovate and be creative. The research presented a set of recommendations, including: the application of the two costing techniques based on specifications to improve the use of resources in the Diwaniyah tire factory, and the use of modern technology in the productive departments of the factory contributes to reducing costs resulting from the loss of part of the raw materials, which contributes to improving the use of resources, as well as Making adjustments to the traditional cost systems and adopting modern technical approaches to improve the use of resources and better calculate costs to serve the success and continuity of the factory (research sample )).

The research aims to present and analyze the financial performance indicators in the research sample company and to find out the extent to which the financial performance indicators are consistent with the cash flow indicators. This is done by testing the selected research sample, that is, the relationship between the financial performance indicators based on the income statement, the financial position, and the cash flow statement indicators is determined. To achieve the research objectives, the research sample was chosen Baghdad Soft Drinks Company for a period of (3) years from 2018-2020. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: The financial statements (financial position statement, income statement, and cash flow statement) are complementary lists, and it is impossible to rely on one list without the other because they all provide specific information. In light of the research conclusions, a number of recommendations were presented, the most important of which are: the need to know the reason for the weak financial performance in the companies sampled in the research to take the necessary measures to correct their performance, because increasing the weakness of their financial performance will affect the companies and lead to financial failure.

The aim of the research is to show the relationship and the effect that the employment of accounting information for the property tax can have as the independent variable and its components represented by (legislative and legal requirements, information, tax accounting, efficiency and effectiveness, regulatory requirements), in tax inventory as the approved variable, and the descriptive approach was adopted Analytical and in light of this, the questionnaire was designed as a main tool in collecting data from the sample of (151) from a group of officials and employees in the General Tax Authority and in the functional positions represented by (section manager, branch manager, associate branch manager, assessor, observer, auditor, and others). As well as conducting personal interviews with its officials, the answers were analyzed based on the statistical program (SPSS V.23), (SPSS V.24), Among the most prominent findings of the research, it was found that there is a significant effect of the components of using accounting information for the property tax, collectively or individually, in the tax inventory.

The investment budget expenditures are one of the main factors in the economic growth of any country, and its impact on various economic activities, including the activities of companies operating in various sectors that increase corporate profits, which are considered among the most important incomes subject to tax accounting, and that this growth leads to an increase in corporate profits and thus It reflects positively on tax revenues, due to the economic growth it witnessed Taxes are considered one of the important tributaries in financing public expenditures, in addition to being one of the tools of economic policy through which economic stability is achieved, as well as a tool used by countries in directing investment. It was based on the hypothesis that does the increase in the investment budget expenditures affect the profits of companies, to what extent can it affect the corporate tax proceeds

Faultfinder resultant for traditional method use one charging average in allocating overhead costs to produced units , will lead to unreal charging of overhead costs to produced units, and then information product un-relevance no depending in decision-making process and specially product-mix decision , appearance need to method costing used activity objective cost primary for allocation overhead costs and then an allocation activity cost to products (services and goods),This research aims to showing role of an activity-based costing method in real in management decisions making process through application linear programming model determining of optimal product mix and its comparing with traditional method .

This research depends on the following hypothesis:-"Application Activity-based costing method in preparing costs information will ensure relevant information that will assist the management in the real determining of optimal product-mix through using linear programming model.

The research is divided into four themes, The first theme deals with the research methodology and previous studies. The second theme deal theory side for research ,The three deal application side and The four theme deal important conclusions that revealed by the study and giving the suggested recommendations.

This research has been considered a legal model (Cindik & Armutlulu) to predict financial failure on the basis of relevant accounting information) companies, and the research problem lies (Does the external auditor in Iraq use financial failure prediction models from the credibility of accounting information The company's ability to continue during the audit process ), he used the financial statements of the companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange and the auditor’s reports for the financial investment for investment, which was adopted on the financial platform from (2011-2020). (Cindik & Armutlulu ) model to predict financial failure, while the second axis focused on the auditor’s measurement of honest accounting representation, and the researcher used the model (Pustylnick) validity of faithful accounting validity, and the research reached the most important of which is the existence of an inverse relationship between financial failure and honest financial representation Accounting, as well as the case with a significant effect of information.

The stock market is an important tool for evaluating companies and projects. As it contributes to increasing the awareness of investors and their insight into the reality of companies and projects, and they are judged to succeed or fail. The drop in stock prices for a company is conclusive evidence of its lack of success or the weakness of its financial position, which may lead to making some adjustments in its leadership or in its policy, in the hope of improve its profitability.

Research design: The descriptive analysis approach was adopted through financial analysis in the cognitive and empirical field of the model and hypotheses of the study, and commercial banks listed in the stock market were adopted for a community for the study, and a deliberate sample was adopted from eight banks, including being the most traded and active in the market, the study data were collected for the period (2005 -2020) and according to the annual financial reports issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Results: The results of the statistical analysis of the research community showed that the primary market and the secondary market have a good relationship in the revenue power, as the financial markets operate within an environment characterized by continuous and complex dynamics accompanied by risks and threats that the managements of these banks must avoid or confront.

Originality/Value: This research came in an attempt to contribute to the detection of measuring strengths and weaknesses and how the primary market contribute to exploiting strengths and overcoming weaknesses in light of revenue strength.

The Real Estate Bank is one of the most important specialized banks in Iraq that aims to contribute to the service of economic and social development through the provision of (pledge credit), especially in the construction sector, and this research also aims to study and know the impact of financial (adequacy) in the pledge credit of the Real Estate Bank in Iraq, and the adequacy index was studied and analyzed according to statistical methods employed by the researcher to achieve the hypotheses and objectives of the research, Where he used some methods, including the joint integration test of Johansson, the test of causality of Cranger and the analysis of the estimated model in the method of Var and Toda-Yamamato to measure the effect between the independent and dependent variable through the program (E-views10), and the researcher concluded that (adequacy) financial is one of the basic indicators in the process of evaluating the efficiency of performance and management of monetary resources, and a set of recommendations was formulated and here came the necessity for banks in general and the real estate bank in particular to measure the requirements of financial efficiency and factors affecting continuously To support and provide effective levels of security of liquidity works to provide the pledge credit provided by the Real Estate Bank, and one of the most important justifications for the research is to note how to evaluate the efficiency of the financial performance of these banks through the use of financial efficiency requirements related to the concepts of financial adequacy.

The research aims to develop a conceptual framework about banking awareness and its impact on the inertia of the capital structure of Iraqi banks, as it was relied on the annual reports published in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, where a group of banks was selected depending on the availability of data and the importance of those banks, as the sample includes (Bank of Baghdad, The Iraqi Investment Bank, the Middle East Investment Bank, the National Bank of Iraq and Sumer Commercial Bank) for the period from 2011 to 2020. The method of cross-sectional data analysis (Panel Data) was used through a ready program (EViews v.12).

The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the low level of banking awareness and the existence of a significant statistically significant impact relationship for the indicators of banking awareness on the actual debt ratio. The researcher recommended the need to take into account customer satisfaction and strengthen the bond between the bank and the customer to increase banking awareness, as well as make the necessary adjustments to the capital structure.

The research aims to measure and determine the impact relationship between the Administrative Ability of the research sample banks (the independent variable) and the Lending Behavior (the dependent variable), so the annual reports of a sample of Iraqi banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange (8 banks) were relied on (Bank of Baghdad, Iraqi Investment). , Middle East, Iraqi National, Business Bay, Mosul for Development and Investment, North for Finance and Investment, Al-Mansour for Investment) out of the total number of listed banks (25 banks) for the period (2006-2020) to answer the most prominent questions in the research problem (Does the Administrative Ability of banks affect Research sample in directing Lending Behavior?). The research variables were measured and analyzed using a number of financial methods (Data Envelope Analysis (DEA), Herfndahl-Hirschman). The hypotheses of the study were tested using the (Excel 2010) program. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is (there is an effect of the Administrative Capacity of the research sample banks on the Behavior of Lending), and this research concluded with a number of recommendations, the most important of which are (the necessity of interest of the research sample banks in raising the levels of their Administrative Capacity because of its positive effects on directing Lending Behavior ).

Financial institutions, regardless of the nature and types of their business, seek to achieve and ensure financial sustainability for the longest possible period, and this has become the main concern of many financial institutions around the world. Perhaps the most prominent thing that helps these institutions to ensure financial sustainability is keeping pace with developments taking place in the external environment in which they operate. These developments are translated into its internal environment, and this research aims to achieve financial sustainability through basic banking solutions, which are electronic banking services systems, global financial settlements, anti-money laundering, and ATMs.
Data were collected from the financial reports of banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for a sample consisting of (10) banks for the period (2010-2020), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was adopted, and a number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which is that the banking sector The Iraqi Bank is suffering from slow performance, and this is evident by comparing the optimal performance obtained through the results of the study analysis, which indicated that the Bank of Baghdad achieved the final priority weight for the optimal performance, which amounted to 82.2%. The study recommended several recommendations, the most important of which is enhancing the performance of Iraqi banks in relation to... By strengthening basic banking solutions systems to ensure financial sustainability.

The economic dimension is of great importance in the development and creation of new urban centers, as sustainable development is not limited to the environmental aspects only, but the economic dimension is an essential pillar of sustainable development and sustainable urban development, as it is not possible to establish, create or develop any new urban center without the presence of activity Economic supports the development of this center.Where the economic dimension is represented by the existing natural resources and industrial, commercial and agricultural activities, where the research will address the concept of sustainable development and its dimensions (the economic dimension, the environmental dimension, the social dimension) and then to address how the requirements for the development of the economic dimension can be achieved and then study the reality of the dimensionThe economic situation in the area of Panicia, and how it is possible to develop the economic reality in the area, and then come up with conclusions and recommendations.