Basra studies journal

This research monitors the relationships between the linguistic reality and societal development based on the linguistic situation in Basra Governorate, by showing the extent to which the Arabic language can be a tool for achieving community development, and the role that Basra University plays in achieving this development for the members of the Basra community in light Scientific content included in this university.

The city of Basrah had a scientific and intellectual distinction, especially the compilations developed by its scholars that varied between jurisprudence, language, grammar, poetry and literature, and judges who had bright pages in the organization of the judiciary and judgments, and they excelled in their opinions and mastery of their rulings, so these rulings reached a status that is still referred to in many At times, their great effects were immortalized, and the most famous of Basrah judges who was known for controlling the rules of the judiciary and was able to record judgments that are almost timeless: the well-known Basrah judge, Iyas bin Muawiya, who was forced to assume the position of the judiciary, who was considered a position that is hated by most jurists and scholars; Because of its disastrous effects on society at the time, in the era of the Omayyad, the governors and princes were the actual judges. So, our judge escaped from this position which was considered ominous.

The city of Zubair is one of the oldest cities in Basra which was founded by Otba bin Ghazwan (one of the companions of Prophet Mohammed) during the region of Caliph Omar bin Alkhattab due to military motifs. It is also one of the important commercial centres in that time and it was the route for passing commercial convoys through it the reason that had contributed to make Zubair to be dwelt by many Arabs near Zubair bin Awwam shrine who was buried in wadi Alsibaa'( Beasts' Valley) and which the city is called by his name. The research address the emergence of Zubair and the stages of this process and conclude that the irregularity in distributing housing units, street patterns and the public services is due to Zubair has still ancient mould houses and that the attempts of planning the city came to be late .

Tourism today plays an important role in the global economy, and social and cultural progress for all peoples. Tourism has become an essential component of the economic construction of many countries of the world. It also plays an important role in developing the bonds of friendship between peoples. Although, tourism has taken the greatest part of it in human history so that it has its own features. However, it has witnessed tremendous development after World War II, like other aspects of human activities. So, it can be said that what humanity has accomplished in years after that war it surpasses all that has been accomplished before it since the beginning of human history.
This is due to the scientific, cultural, social, economic and political development which the world witnessed during the twentieth century, that reflected its effects on all aspects of life, including tourism.
Today the world has become a small village since the distances were canceled or almost, as a result of the tremendous progress in transportation and communication means, and it became moving from one place to another on the surface of the earth, easy and affordable, due to the characteristics of transportation from comfort, safety, speed and capacity. So that it can transport large numbers of tourists in the shortest possible time to anywhere in the world.

The wood and furniture industry considered an important manufacturing industry in the province of Basrah through its contribution to the economic process for Basrah society and by polarizing it for the workforce and the diversity of its products to meet the need of the local market and marketing to the neighboring provinces as well. It, also, used for developing and improving the quantity and quality of production in addition to achieving profits and high revenue.
It also turns out that the wood and furniture industry spread out in the areas where the population is concentrated because it is being linked and determined by direct order size on the products of this industry,
So it should be studied wood and furniture industry problems in the province of Basrah in detail to determine the accuracy and problems that suffering from workers in the industry therefore for the sake of development of this industry and production processes in general.
This study dealt with the geographical distribution for the wood and furniture industry and its problems in Basrah Governorate.
It was found through the study that there are varieties in the geographical distribution for this industry from district to another. it is most concentrated in the Basrah district at (47.5%), The second rank came in Al-Zubair district with a percentage of (13.8%). Abu Al-Khaseeb District comes third (13.16%). As for the Shatt al-Arab district, it ranks fourth with a percentage (9,1%). The district which ranked fifth is Almydainah district, at 7.7% and then Qurna district ranked sixth, at a rate of (7.1%). Finally, it occupies the FAO district (1.3%). of the total factories of wood and furniture in Basrah Governorate.
Among the most important problems that facing the industry are high prices for raw materials, intense competition by imported products which affected the products of these industries in the province of Basrah, in addition to labor problems as well as the environmental pollution and problems of poor storage of wood.
Furthermore, the problems of the industrial site, the lack of land, high labor wages and other problems.

important lands border crossings in Iraq ( in Basra Governorate ) because it has such an important strategic location which has played a prominent role in the process of the cross-border commercial exchange; and this action was reflected on the economic and political relations between the two countries ( Iraq and Kuwait). Thus, this port is considered one of the most important geo-economic commonalities between them. The importance of this port lies also in providing the necessary needs for the population. These needs ( or goods ) are sent from international sources; especially those products which are related to food security exactly after 2003. This year represents the status of the economic openness towards countries all over the world. In spite of the existence of the indicators to the economic subordination, as a matter of fact, the port has contributed in consolidating the financial income of the country which has been reflected on the prosperity of the national economy; and then, this port has added an economic and political influence to the country in the sense that this port has contributed into the economic and political stability of that country.

contributed to the development of dry gas transportation by pipelines between production areas represented by fields and the hydrocarbon industry to the consumption areas represented by electric power production stations, Basra refinery, chemical fertilizer plant and civil iron and steel plant, and at the forefront of geographic influences related to gas transportation operations Dry gas is the presence of fields producing it, the increase in the population and the rise in income, and the presence of hydrocarbon industries and industrial establishments, which represent the main factor for the continuation of dry gas pipelines transportation.
This study comes to identify and determine the importance of transporting dry gas by pipelines in Basra Governorate. The study found that the total quantities of dry gas transported by pipelines in Basra Governorate during the period between 2010-2016 amounted to 21724820288 m3, and the electric power production plants came in the forefront of the total quantities of dry gas transported by pipelines, as 14790872237 m3 was transferred to constitute 68.1%, while turbines were occupied Oil reservoirs ranked second with a quantity amounting to 3343720032 m3 to constitute a percentage of 15.4%, and the third chemical fertilizer plant came in an amount of 2401737992 m3 to constitute a percentage of 11.1%, while Basra refinery ranked fourth with a quantity amounting to 1152268476 m3, to constitute a percentage of 5.3%, so that the Iron and Steel Factory occupies the fifth place with a quantity It is 26252250 m3, which constitutes 0.1% of the total quantities of dry gas transported by pipelines during the period between 2010-2016.

Small industries are closely related of the population and their standard of living. The higher the purchasing power, the greater the demand for small industries, which includes the luxury industries, in addition to that there are industries that are considered one of the essential industries for the population, including what is related to food, clothing and drink. The structure of small industries has been studied for each aspect separately through several criteria. As well as touching upon knowing the extent of industrial diversity in Al-Zubair district through studying the industrial diversity index scale. As small industries were distributed in different areas and neighborhoods of Al-Zubair district and by (36) small industries distributed over (6) Sectors, namely: (Food industry sector, the metallurgical sector, the industries, textiles and apparel sector, the wooden and furniture industries sector, the construction industries sector, and the chemical industries sector).
The number of small industrial workshops reached (1146). An industrial workshop with (3726) workers. Distributed in the areas of Al-Zubair district. The most prominent have also been touched on the problems and obstacles that she suffered from small industries in the Al-Zubair district.

from a religious aspect, relying on it from the Qur anic verses, prophetic hadiths, and other evidence they drew from other monotheistic religions, they also referred to some historical evidence from different periods of time, through which they emphasized the necessity of accepting death and being satisfied with the judgment and destiny of God .and that the believer should not fear death, nor be sad with its advent, because after death an eternal life is rewarded for the good deeds he has done. and the rational person has to realize that, and to know that he feared death or not, whether he was satisfied with it or rejected, because his immobility is a must.
And they talked about the stages that a person goes throught from the moment of his life as a fetus in the womb, then his departure from the life of the womb and the stairs in the stages of life, the death penalty, the need for the isthmus, the resurrection and the resurrection.
The Brotherhood sought to convince the other that death is the paradox of the soul, the body, and that it is formal end to a life called the world where the soul cuts its relationship with the body, and moved to a new spiritual life where salvation is from the world of matter, the world of the universe and corruption, the world of the heavy body and the many requirements as the soul gets rid of fatigue and the suffering that she used to meet in order to fill and satisfy the needs of the body in order to avoid the pain resulting from not meeting the instinctive needs of the body, so she would be freed from the restrictions that prevented her from ascending into the vast heavenly world to enjoy the good things and the lasting delights where the angels and loyal servants of god are the messengers, prophets and saints.
The Brotherhood also looked at death from a philosophical perspective, in which they spoke about their philosophical and hermeneutic approach, until they exaggerated the matter, so they gave the Quranic verses that mentioned death, the isthmus, resurrection, the resurrection, heaven and hell, the owners of customs, and so on.