DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES

The oil transformer is used in (H.V ) ment's to avoid the electrical breakdown , and heat effect ,so that the oil using as an insulation and cooling in electrical instruments to prevent the failure in the transformer. In our research the measurements of the breakdown voltage as a function of electrodes distance, and leakage current for the oil transformer had been done, also the effect of temperature at the breakdown voltage was studied

This work was devoted to study the influence of well-known catalyst carriers (activated utilized in catalytic reactions carbon and silica) on the hydrodynamic parameters and mass transfer rate in aslurry reactor. The influence of silica and activated carbon particles concentration up to 20% v/v on regime transition, average gas holdup, mass transfer coefficient, and CO2 removal was studied in a semi-batch slurry bubble column reactor (SBC) with a porous gas sparger. The effects of hydrophobicity and surfactant were also investigated. It was concluded the gas holdup is reduced and the point of transition from laminar to turbulent regime is shifted toless gas velocity when the hydrophobic and hydrophilic particles concentration was larger than 3% (v/v). The Particle hydrophobicity, gas velocity, and electrolyte concentration have positive impacts on gas holdupwhile slurry concentration gave a different trend. Experimental results show that the optical fiber probe is valid to use in a slurry bubble column and can also generate useful data such as bubble rise velocity and bubble distribution. The optical fiber probe was proved to be good technique for estimation of volumetric mass transfer coefficient within an error of ±18%. Mass transfer experiments with gaseous CO2 showed a behavior of removal in the same trend of increasing gas holdup with gas velocity. A noticeable removal of gaseous pollutants was observed for non-wet table particles at solid loading of 3%v/v. Mathematical correlations were formulated for CO2 removal as function of studied operating variables with correlation factors of 0.95-0.98. The present study depicts the effect of catalyst carrier on the hydrodynamic characteristics and mass transfer in a slurry reactor.

The classification of land uses in the city is an essential element for the organization and distribution of land uses whenit ispreparing and updating master plans for cities. The land uses in each country are divided into single, secondary, hierarchical or other classifications according to the planning requirements for land uses in the country.The problem of research is that most land-use classifications in Iraqi cities lack a uniform and convergent classification of land uses which they depend forupdating or preparing the master plans, so,thestudying and analyzing the classification of land uses for seven Iraqi cities, we note that there is no uniform and convergent classification, and there isn’t overlap and complementarity of land uses for the existing and future of land use classification in these cities.The aim of the research is to prepare a proposal for the classification of land uses for Iraqi cities as a reference and guide when the preparation and updating of the master plans for Iraqi cities. One of the most important research conclusions is unclear classification of the land uses in Iraqi cities either primary or secondary classification but there is a different classification of each city according to the existing of land use, and its adoption in whole or near total for future land uses. The research proposed to classify land uses into seven major classifications, including residential, economic, mixed, public services, recreational, infrastructure and other land uses, these major land uses have been classified into 19 secondary classifications and more than 60 land use in detail.

This work integrates nanotechnology, adsorption, and magnetic separation to remove chromium (Cr) pollutant from industrial wastewater using magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic nanocomposite consists of chitosan biopolymer and iron (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles. The Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by chemical co-precipitation technique and the chitosan magnetic nanocomposite (CMNC) was prepared by Ex situ process. Moreover, anoval amination of CMNC with hexamineto get functionalized CMNC was performed to remove Cr (VI) in wider range of pH. The prepared Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticles, CMNC and functionalized CMNCwere characterized using different analytical techniques, XRD, FTIR, AFM, SEM, EDX and TGA.Batch adsorption was employed to determine the effects of pH. The adsorption results show that the functionalized CMNC possessed high activity for Cr (VI) removal in any condition of acidic, neutral and basic solutions with the percentage sorption of chromium reached to 91.7%. Sorption isotherms were fitted with the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models, it was foundthat the Freundlich isotherm model have the best fit with R2=0.998 with functionalized CMNC. The kinetic data of Cr (VI) sorption with functionalized CMNC were fitted well with the pseudo-second order kinetic model.The reuse of the functionalized CMNC indicates that the adsorbent material is more than 80% adsorption capacity after five regeneration cycles. The results of this work shown that functionalized CMNC is a potential adsorbent to removal of Cr (VI) contaminated in a wider range of pH

Today the interes to find us trial organizations increase about the quality subject and they work seriously to satisfy the customers who consider today the main factor in the business environment,by manufacturing quality products. Pareto distribution and Pareto analysis are used where The Pareto distribution is used to analysis the data of the defective motors to find the mean, variance, and standard deviation.Pareto Analysis is used as a tool to diagnose and analyse the defects type, causes of the critical defect and the root of cause of the critical cause for the air cooling motor. The air cooling motor is a one of the various products that produce by the state company for electrical products. Four main defects have been diagnosed through final inspection process by the Inspection team, these are dielectric (electrical circuit), sound (noise), loss (non-pass the electrical current)and tolerance (non-accurate tolerance).The Pareto distribution was illustrated that Dielectric defect has the highest mean but loss has the highest variance and standard deviation. The Pareto analysis was identified that the dielectric has the biggest defect with 42.24% of all defects. It has been caused by four causes,and the machine are the biggest cause, it is responsible to 50%of this defect, consumption of the rolling mold is the root of the dielectric defect with40% of this defects.The Pareto distribution and Pareto analysis may considered an efficient tools that could use to help company management to analyse the defects data and diagnose all the causes and cause roots of the biggest defect(dielectric defect)to determine and take any necessary corrective actions that will minimize the defective products.

A line bus security index is added to the generation cost forming a new objective function a suitable for optimal power system dispatch. The value of this security index is directly proportional to the sum of the squares of voltages of both bus voltage and line flows. Normal as well as contingency states of a power system are successfully dispatched. Result obtaining during a normal state of both the 6-bus and modified 30-bus cost. Both systems are also dispatched when the outage contingencies are assumed. Successful dispatch results are obtained without any load shedding. Power system reliability is seen to be greatly improved through the present reliable optimum dispatch.

Traffic congestion is the main traffic problem in major cities, which increases the psychological and health pressures on road users and society, as well as increasing the associated economic costs such as increasing fuel consumption and increasing the loss of cars, as well as increasing polluting emissions to the environment .The intersection of Shaab -Selekh in Baghdad city is one of the most important intersections for linking the center of Baghdad in the northern provinces .It is characterized by high traffic density, especially in the peak hours of morning and evening caused by congested traffic congestion,delay in the time of the trip, causing waste of a lot of time,cost,inconvenience and reduce the level of service .The research aims to know the level of service in the intersection and propose solutions that adopt sustainable transport strategies to improve the level of service and reduce congestion traffic at the intersection

Video compression uses encoding to convert video files into smaller files for efficient storage and transmission in image processing. A decoder reconstructs the received data into a representation of the original video. This research presents recently added in-loop as a filtering technique for extension of sample adaptive offset (SAO) in High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC).The principle of SAO is to lessen pixel errors caused by the compression process. Through this an average data reduction up to 1.43% in Low delay configuration and 1.03% in Random access configuration

Database management system is important and fundamental at present. Access databases are important and efficient storage tools. In this system, a database management system is designed and built to fulfill the requirement of the Legal Affairs Department -Investigative Committees Division -University of Diyala. The database was built using Microsoft Access databases, and the code was built using the C # programming language. This system is designed to be easy to handle for any user as an example of (Google material design) technology for the purpose of increasing interaction between the user and the program. It also contains an alert system in the event of the expiration of the investigative commission period. In this application you can easily search for any committee and its details. It also provides statistics for committees that were formed during the year or a specific month or period. It also contains reports for the purpose of printing results or saving them in various formats (PDF-WORD-EXCEL), which facilitates its compatibility with most office programs. In addition, it has a system fordata protection and preservation from any unauthorized person

This work aimed to produce lightweight concrete characterized with thermal insulation for using to develope lightweight aggregate (LWAC) from local material. Kaolin clay and a glass powder were mixed with ratio equal (20, 80%) respectively to produce the (LWA). The composite of the material was prepared and burned in a kiln up to (700 °C) to manufacture the (LWA). The density of the aggregate was ranged of (559-588) kg/m3. The mechanical properties and thermal conductivity were investigated by using cube specimens of (100*100*100) mm at different ages. The 28 days compressive strength of the produced lightweight concrete (LWAC) was (8.6 -30.6) MPa for the density of (1090-1880) kg/m3. Besides, the value of the thermal conductivity of this type of concrete was between (0.4947-0.8872) W⁄m. K. The results showed a promise lightweight concrete with a good thermal insulation properties

This study deals with extraction of silicon from Iraqi sand. The sand was supplied by State Company for Mining Industries from Um-Erdhuma Formation in Anbar Province. It is found that Iraqi sand has 98% of silica (SiO₂).Pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy processes were applied for extraction of silicon by reduction and leaching respectively. Reduction was carried out in an alumina crucible by using magnesium powder with particle size of 75μm as reducing agent under argon gas. Several parameters were studied to determine the best results that affected the extraction of silicon. These parameters involved the reduction temperatures (750,850,950) ̊C and ratio of Mg/SiO₂ (2:1, 2.5:1, 3:1).The best conditions for the reduction of Iraqi sand to produce silicon were, at 850 ̊C, 2:1 Mg/SiO₂ with 99.3% purity and at 950 ̊C, 3:1 Mg/SiO₂ with 99.2 %purity. Leaching processes were done for purification of produced silicon by using 4:1 volume ratio of 4MHCl and 4M CHᴈCOOH respectively for one hour at 70 ̊C. Additional purification step was done by using H₂SO₄ acid, which was diluted by 1:4 ratio for three hours at 100 ̊C

Hybrid double skin tubular members (DSTMs) are composite section of three material FRP tube outside, steel tube inside and concrete sandwiches in between. The current study investigated the behavior of fourteen circular DSTCs under axial load. Every specimen is average of a pair of samples, the key parametersare the layers of outercarbonFRP tube, the compressive strengthof concreteand the types of columns include(DSTC) and concrete filled FRP tube (CFFT). The test results show that the concrete has effected constrained between two tubes, that’s leads to increases strength and ductility of column,the most effective parameters has the number of layers of outer FRPtube the stress-strain relationship shows high ductile behavior of under compression test and the CFFT is superior in ultimate load compared with DSTC.