Thi-Qar Medical Journal

The aim of the current study was to evaluated the effect of BRCA1(breast cancer 1 early
0nsent) after UV-B-irradiation in a panel of human malignant melanoma cells using flow
cytometry method. Different human melanoma cell lines (SK-MEL28,SK-MEL93, ,SK
MeL93/shBRCA1 and SK-Mel93/shplKO.1) were cultured for triplicaten experiments. Cells
were exposed to UV-B (10mJ/cm2)for different point time(1/2,1,3,6,9,12,and 24h). Cells at
0hr were a non-irradiation control. The cell cycle was evaluated by flow cytometry. SK
MEL28 cell line seemed to be synchronized at the G1/S boundary phase until 12h after UVB
irradiation. a decrease in the fraction of S cells and a reciprocal increase of cells in Sub-G1
phase was observed , from 12 to 24h.While, the SK-MEL93 a rapid increase (about 35%) of
cells in Sub-G1 phase was observed already 6h after UVB irradiation. Moreover, we found
that the SKMel93/shBRCA1 cells seemed an increase (about 15%) of cells in Sub-G1 phase
already 12h after UVB irradiation compared with cells infected with the empty lentiviral
vector (SK-Mel93/shplKO.1). we conclude that an important role played by BRCA1
providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying UV-induced
melanomagenesis.

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis is common disease, the two major etiological factors
responsible for acute pancreatitis are alcohol and cholelithiasis .
Patients and methods This study was done in the emergency department (ED) in
AL- Hussein. teaching- hospital ( Al Nassyria ) during 2 years (between 1st junuary 2009 to
31st December 2010) about 39 patients presented as acute abdomen proved later on as acute
pancreatitis , all patients were presented to the emergency department with acut abdominal
pain .19 patients had reports suggested that they had features suspected perforated viscus[a
history of more than 72 hours of sever abdominal pain with abdominal distention,free fluid in
the peritoneal cavity] so their conditions were mandated exploratory laparotomy . While the
other ( 20 patient ) had less feature of abdominal distention, not dehydrated and near normal
vital sign so they were postponed to the early morning and re-evaluated by C.T scan of the
abdomen and complete evaluation of Ransons criteria which confirm that they had a cute
pancreatitis and treated conservatively.
Aim of study Comparison between conservative versus operative management in acut
pancreatitis.
Results Patients in group 1 (Conservatively managed patient ) required relatively less
hospital stay than the patient in group 2 (explored patient),but complications like pseudo cyst
of pancreas,bilateral pleural effusion occurs mores in group 1.
Conclusion Early washout of abdominal cavity by explorotive
surgery or other
minimal access pruceduers was advocated in management of acute pancreatitis.

Objective: To evaluate the degree of glycaemic control among diabetic patients.
Methods: The study included 156 diabetic patients (64 with insulin– dependent diabetes
mellitus (IDDM) and 92 with non insulin– dependent diabetes mellitus ( NIDDM) ), and 120
control subject. The parameters measured were fasting blood glucose (FBG) and the level of
glycated haemoglobin (Hb A1c).
Results: HbA1c level was significantly higher among diabetic patients (both IDDM and
NIDDM) compared to controls (P<0.001). Also, 43.8% of IDDM patients and 63.0% of
NIDDM patients were in poor glycaemic control.
Conclusion: substantial proportion of diabetic patients are in poor metabolic control , and
hence, more prone to early diabetic complications.

Objective : A prospective study was done at the period of 3rd July2009- 4th Seb.2010 to see
the effectiveness of radiofrequency in inferior turbinate reduction regarding nasal
obstruction,morning sneezing , snoring, headache and nasal discharge.
Method:Thirty-seven patients had been underwent radiofrequency turbinate reduction under
local anesthesia and follow up them regarding their complaints.
Results : We found that radiofrequency inferior turbinate reduction is very simple, effective,
and relatively complication free as out patient procedure.
Conclusion : Radiofrequency for inferior turbinate reduction can be held as outpatient
procedure with minimal time & relatively simple cost and give the same results as other
procedure that held to reduce the inferior turbinate bulk . So it is preferable over them when the
equipments are available.

Objective: To evaluate the association of oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant
defense system with the occurrence of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) .
Study design : Case–control study consisting of 100 pregnant women with a history of
RSA (study group) and 100 healthy pregnant women (control group) , their age ranging (15
45yr.) and both groups are classified into many subgroups according to maternal age ,
gestational age , parity and number of previous abortions . Fasting blood samples were
collected and tested for measurement of serum vitamin C , vitamin E , albumin , oxidative
stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) and some essential trace elements (zinc and
copper) by using spectrophotometric methods .Student t-test , chi-square and correlation
analysis were used for statistical analysis .
Results : Serum level of vitamin C , vitamin E , Cu and Zn were significantly lower
(p<0.05) and serum level of MDA was significantly higher (p<0.05) in study group as
compared with control group but no significant difference of serum albumin (p>0.05)
between the two studied groups .Also no significant differences (p>0.05) of all measured
biochemical parameters among different age , gestational age, parity and no. of abortions
subgroups of patients (study group) except serum albumin, Zinc and Cu/Zn ratio were
significantly changed in the last parity subgroup (>P5) as compared with (P1) for albumin
level and with other parity subgroups of the same study group for Zinc and Cu/Zn ratio .
While there was a significant increase (P<0.05) of MDA level in the (≥7 abortions) as
compared with other no. of abortions subgroups of the study group .
The linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant ( r=0.61 , 0.85 , 0.3 , 0.73 , 0.47 ,
p<0.05) negative correlation for vit.C , vit. E , Zn , Cu and Cu/Zn ratio respectively and
significant ( r= 0.83 , p<0.05 ) positive correlation for MDA values with no. of previous
abortions of study group . Also there is a significant ( r= 0.18 , 0.19 , 0.25 , 0.2 , p<0.05 )
negative correlation for vit.C , vit.E , Cu and Cu/Zn ratio respectively and significant ( r= 0.2 ,
p<0.05 ) positive correlation for MDA values with the age of pregnant females of both control
and study groups . while there is a significant positive correlation (r=0.16, 0.18, 0.19 , p<0.05)
of serum vit.C , vit.E and Zn respectively and a significant negative correlation (r=0.17,
p<0.05 ) of serum MDA with parity in both control and study groups .
Conclusions : Our data demonstrate that elevation of lipid peroxides (MDA) together with
impaired antioxidant defense and status of trace elements and the presence of possible
interrelationship between those parameters may be related at least partly to the pathogenesis
of RSA .

Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii) , a common protozoan parasite. T. gondii infection occurs
worldwide and it is one of the most common infections in humans. The infection is mainly
acquired by ingestion of undercooked or raw meat containing viable tissue cysts or by
ingestion of food and water that is contaminated with oocysts shed by cats . In addition, it has
been established that T. gondii can be transmitted from a recently infected mother to her fetus.
During pregnancy the primary infection may lead to severe if not fatal complications for the
fetus. These direct effects can lead to spontaneous miscarriage, stillbirth or congenital
anomalies .apoptosis in villous trophoblast is increased in pregnancy complications such as
Toxoplasmosis infection. From our study we found that Toxoplasma gondii downregulated
apoptosis when caspase 3 and caspase 9 levels were investigated using immunohistochemistry
technique .
Aims of Study: So the aims of this search are to investigate the levels of Caspase 3 and
Caspase 9 expression within T.gondii infected trophoblastic cells and their association with
infection.
Method: Fifty patients (aborted women), Their range age between (16 − 46) years, were
included in this study. All patients sera were subjected to Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent
Assay (ELISA) to detect specific Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG
. In addition ,
trophoblastic tissues from the same patients were taken to confirm the infection of the
T.gondii and to evaluate the expression of caspase 9 and caspase 3 using
immunohistochemstry method.
Results : Immunehiostochamical technique is more sensitive than ELISA in diagnosis of
T. gondii when 18 patients were positive for Toxoplasmosis by immunohistochemistry While
in ELISA only 16 patients were positive for specific anti– Toxoplasma IgM. The levels of
Caspase3 and caspase 9 were downregulated in infected group.
Conclusion : Caspase 9 expression and Caspase 3 expression are significantly highly
decreased in women with spontaneous miscarriage in T.gondii positive group compared to
patients control group indicating that Toxoplasma gondii downregulated apoptosis.

Objective: To correlate regular physical activity (RPA) with conventional cardiovascular
(CV) risk factors.
Methods:
In this study, 116 young adult males , 56 physically active and 60 physically
inactive (sedentary), were included. Measurement of body mass index (BMI), basal energy
expenditure (BEE) systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP ) and serum concentrations
of fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC) , triglyceride (TG) , low density
lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and
performed.
Results:
high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were
Correlation and regression analysis revealed significant negative correlation of RPA
with BMI (r:-0.414, P: 0.000), BEE (r:- 0.388, P: 0.000) SBP (r:-0.418, P: 0.000), DBP (r:
0.439, P: 0.000) ), FBG (r:-0.425, P: 0.000), TC (r-0.291, P: 0.002) , TG (r:-0.408, P: 0.000) ,
LDL-C (r:-0.305, P: 0.001), and significant positive correlation with HDL-C ( r :+0.430, P:
0.000).
Conclusion:
The study demonstrated a strong inverse relationship between RPA and CVD
risk. Therefore, practicing moderate RPA is crucial to maintain healthy life and improve
cardiovascular fitness, and this considerably reduces the future risk of CVD and its adverse
clinical consequences.

Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common enough male problem. It is secondary to
organic, psychogenic and combined causes. This study described the normal sonographic
anatomy of the penis, sonographic technique for evaluation of ED and the normal phases of
erection with intracavernousal injection (ICI) of alprostadil (coverject®).
Patients and methods: Twenty five diabetic patients (on oral hypoglycemic drugs for at
least 10 year) complaining of prolonged history (>2 years) of ED, aged 35 to 45 years, were
included in this study. The treatment started with a minimal dose of 1.125 micrograms and the
dosage was titrated to achieve rigid erection. Following the establishment of the effective dose,
Doppler US examinations were performed.
Results: 21 patients (84%) had a grade IV erectile response, the remaining 4 patients
(16%)have grade III. A significant increase in peak systolic velocity between baseline and 20 µg
PGE1 (p<0.001) was observed in all cases. Following ICI of Coverject there was a significant
increase in grade of erection (p<0.001) and a significant reduction in the end diastolic volume
(EDV) (p<0.001). A reduction of the EDV to below 5 cm s–1 was observed in all patients. Four
patients with EDV <5.0 cm s–1but >0.0 cm s–1 had poor erectile responsefollowing ICI while 21
showed persistent EDV reduction <5 cm s–1with good rigidity.
Conclusion: the important cause of ED in the diabetic patient is psycogenic factor and
Intracavernous injections of Caverject are effective therapy for erectile dysfunction

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab on visual acuity in patients with
diabetic maculopathy, clinically significant macular edema (CSME).
Methods: Thirty eyes of twenty-eight patients (mean age, 57.9±13.8 years) with CSME were
included in this study. Complete ophthalmic examination, including determination of best
corrected visual acuity (BCVA), stereoscopic biomicroscopy with +90D lens was done at
baseline and at each follow-up visit. All patients were treated with a 0.1 mL intravitreal injection
containing 2.5 mg of bevacizumab (Avastin).
Results: All patients completed 3 months of follow-up with a mean follow-up period of
5.26±2.39 months. The mean BCVA at baseline was 0.73±0.36 logMAR, which significantly
improved to 0.63±0.41 (p=0.02), 0.58±0.36 (p=0.003), and 0.61±0.40 logMAR (p=0.006) at 1
week, 1month, and 3 months. Final BCVA analysis demonstrated that 15 eyes (50%) remained
stable and 12 (40%) improved ≥2 lines on BCVA. No ocular toxicity or significant side effects
were observed.
Conclusions: Intravitreal bevacizumab injection resulted in significant improvement in
BCVA as early as 1 week after injection in patients with CSME, and this beneficial effect
persisted for up to 3 months. However, the slight reduction in this improvement at 3 months
suggests that repeated bevacizumab injections might be necessary. To evaluate the long-term
safety and efficacy, further prospective randomized controlled clinical trials will be needed.

Vaginal PH was determined by universal indicator PH paper in 182 patients seen in Al
Zahara`a Hospital in Najaf city for routine speculum examination. None of the patients were
pregnant. Measurements were made of serum levels of follicle– stimulating hormone and
estradiol for 81 menopausal patients and vaginal culture were taken for all 182 patients.
Vaginal PH was correlated with vaginal cultures and serum follicle– stimulating hormone
and estradiol levels by use of statistical analysis. Vaginal PH was elevated in all
premenopausal patients with documented bacterial pathogens. Serum estradiol levels showed
an inverse and serum follicle– stimulating hormone levels a direct statistical correlation with
vaginal PH in postmenopausal patients.
Aimof the study: The study had two objectives : (1) to confirm the elevations of vaginal
PH inpatients with bacterial pathogens in premenopausal women and (2) to examine the
relationship of serum FSH and estradiol levels to vaginal PH in postmenopause patients
without bacterial pathogens .

Objective: To evaluate the effect of prophylactic amnioinfusion in term pregnancy with
(PROM) and low (AF) volume prior to labor induction.
Method: 120 women with amnioinfusion and 136 in a control group with term pregnancy
and low (AF) were admitted for induction of labor in Basra maternity hospital were studies.
Amnioinfusion of normal saline (N/S)37C◦ was realized in the study group of about 500ml/hr
through trancervical catheter, while the control group received identical obstetric care except
in aminoinfusion.
Results: Both studies groups were similar in age, parity, gestional age and interval from
rupture membranes until induction while we found that the studied group had less length of
labor with decrease risk of (C.S), low maternal complications and less neonatal complications
such as apgor score, admittion to (NICU), MAS and neonatal death and the difference was
statistically significant.
Conclusion: We concluded that prophylactic amnioinfusion improve neonatal outcome
and decrease the maternal complications when used in labor induction of term pregnancy with
PROMandlowAFvolume.

The aims of this study were to find the prevalence of different patterns of infants feeding in
relation to the back ground characteristics of their mothers and to explore the causes of
breast feeding failure in Thi-Qar. Across sectional study was conducted in four primary
health care centers in Thi- Qar .Total sample of 512 mothers ,whose infants less than two
years were included in the study . Data about feeding practices were collected by
interviewing the mothers using standard questionnaire designed for the study. The rate of
different infants feeding practices were (90.8%) breast feeding, (55.1%)exclusive breast
feeding , (35.7%) mixed feeding and (9.1%) bottle feeding among infants less than 6 months
old. The rate of breast feeding decreased rapidly among other age groups reaching (72.2%)
at age 1-2 years . There was no significant association between patterns of infants feeding and
age, parity and educational level of mothers .However, going to work , oral contraceptive
use and delivery by caesarean section were significantly associated with bottle feeding . The
main reasons for bottle feeding were insufficient breast milk (53.4%) and going back to work
(18.2%),and Pediatricians (45.6%) were found to be the main persons prescribing infants
formula for mothers. In conclusion, breast feeding was common practice of infants feeding
among mothers in Thi-Qar regardless their age, parity and level of education ,while
pediatricians , going to work oral contraceptive use and delivery by caesarean section were
the main contributors to breast feeding cessation and switch to bottle feeding. Therefore, the
health educational programs to promote breast feeding are necessary for both mothers and
health care providers ,and the health care providers should also take into consideration the
negative impact of caesarean section deliveries and early oral contraceptive use on breast
feeding practice.

Background: Alcoholism hasn’t been a problem just for individuals,but it also has been a
problem for families of the affected individuals.In recognizing such a result many studies
have been produced to examine the genetic aspect of alcoholism.
Objectives: To determine the importance role of genetic in alcoholism and to study the
difference between those with positive and negative family history of alcoholism.
Methods: A cross sectional study that enrolled( 61) patients who met the diagnosis of
alcoholism according to diagnostic criteria of structural clinical interview for diagnosis and
statistical of mental disorder text revision (DSM-IV-TR). The patients who attended the
psychiatric unit in Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital for the period 1st July, 2008– 1st June
2010.
Results: This study revealed that (61) alcoholics admitted to hospital for treatment met the
diagnosis of alcoholism according to the (DSM-IV-TR) were evaluated. The study revealed
that 90% of the patients with positive family history of alcoholism reported antisocial
behaviour, while those without family history reported only 16.13% antisocial behaviour.
Patients with family history of alcoholism showed more family problems and the reverse
regarding psychiatric disorders.
Conclusions: This study proveds that the association of psychiatric disorders as depression,
severe anxiety and social phobia may occur with those without family history of alcoholism.
Wealso noticed that patients with positive family history of alcoholism are of younger age of
onset, with more symptoms of alcoholic dependence, tended to drink more, run more severe
course and reported more antisocial behaviour.

Antibacterial resistance is a great problem on proper management of tonsillopharyngitis and
chronic otitis media.To determine the antibacterial susceptibility of the common causative
bacteria throat and ear swabs were sent for culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing from out
patients attending AL.Habobi hospital over aperiod from September 2009 to September 2010.
Of 102 patients with tonsillopharyngitis , Beta haemolytic streptococcus type A ,was the
commonest cause accounting for 59.8% of all isolated bacteria, followed by 29.4% was
staphylococcus.On other hand pseudomonas represent the top of the list of bacterial causes of
chronic suppurative otitis media(46%) ,followed by staphylococcus aureus (27.6%).
Amikacin has the greater chance of action among most isolated bacteria in this
study.Sensitivity to commonly used antibacterial agent like amoxicillin, cephalosporin,
pencillin, erythromycin and co-trimazole were less.

Background: There has been an increase in the prevalence of otomycosis in recent years. This
has been linked to the extensive use of antibiotics, use of immunosuppressant drugs and
steroids for a variety of malignant and immunological diseases. Treatment of otomycosis is
challenging, and requires a close follow-up; in addition treatment with topical or systemic
antifungal drugs might be associated with problems of resistance, mucosal irritation, and
systemic toxicities. Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger are the most commonly identified
organisms.
Aim: the aim of this study is to investigate the antifungal potential of apple cider vinegar and
acetic acid in a hope to find a safer alternative to traditional antifungal drugs in treatment of
otomycosis.
Patients and methods: ear swaps were collected from 18 patients attending otolaryngology
outpatient clinic-Al-Habboobi Hospital who presented with aural symptoms suggestive of
otomycosis.fungal identification was done depending on microscopical and colonial
morphology. Antifungal effect of the tested agents was assessed by agar well-diffusion assay.
Results: 18 samples were examined, 13 (72%) of them were positive for fungal growth, 6
were Aspergillus niger , 1 was Aspergillus flavus, 2 were Candida albicans, and the other 4
were Non- Candida albicans.
Apple cider vinegar(5%) inhibits growth of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Candida
albicans and Non- Candida albicans with average diameter of inhibition zones of 15mm,
13mm, 17.5mm, 17 mm respectively, while the average diameters noted with acetic acid 2%
were 10.5mm, 11mm, 13mm, 13.5mm respectively. Fluconazole (5mg/ml) inhibits growth of
the Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus with average diameters of 14mm,20mm
respectively,while cause no inhibition of Candida albicans and Non- Candida albicans.
Conclusion: Apple cider vinegar and acetic acid have significant antifungal activity at the
tested concentrations against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and fluconazole resistant
Candida albicans and Non- Candida albicans.

Oral pyogenic granuloma is the most common inflammatory hyperplasia seen in the oral
cavity the purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clincopathologic feature ,
histologic pattern and relation to pregnancy in Al-Nasyriah governorate . A total of 100
cases of pyogenic granuloma (PG) during an 10 years period from 2000-2010 were examined.
the data were reviewed and analyzed for age , gender , site , clinical and histopathologic
features. The results shows that the age mean of occurrence was 29 years and the greatest
degree of occurrence in third decade of life in young adult females. The gingiva was the most
common affected site ( 38%) and the maxilla more affected than mandibule ( 24%) , the main
complain was bleeding ( 65%) , the higher percent in females group was in pregnant women
(66%). Non lobular capillary hemangioma (NLCH) (PG) were more fequentluy (73%) than
lobular capillary hemangioma ( LCH) (PG) (27%). Because of the high frequency of PG in
the oral cavity especially during pregnancy so need for proper diagnosis and treatment .

background: The hemoglobin molecule (Hb) is protein carries a negative charge that render
it attracts to anode pole causing separate it and moving toward the positive pole of electric
current, affected by the movement of this type of charge (negative or positive) and strength as
well
as
the
molecular
weight
of
hemoglobin
type.
Until these days, there are more than 300 known genetic mutation may occur in hemoglobin
molecule. Some of them with clear clinical implications that threat health, especially for
heterozygous states.
Objective: To detect some of hemoglobinopathies such as β- thalassemia and sickle cell
anemia cases by hemoglobin electrophoresis technique in population sample identified from
Nassiriyah governorate in Iraq.
Methods: Eighty samples of blood were drawn from subjects who suspected to have
hemoglobinopathies and examined by Hb electrophoresis technique in College of medicine
Thiqar University. The diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies was made on the basis of
hemoglobin electrophoresis, sickling tests, and family studies. Persons, who have low level of
hemoglobin concentrations, accompanied with elevation of abnormal hemoglobin percentage,
were involved in this study. Fifty eight cases of hemoglobinopathies were diagnosed, 30 of ٨0
(٣٧.5%) as β- thalassemia, and 28 of ٨0(35%) as sickle cell disease carriers.
Results: Iraqi β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia carriers were identified in hematology
sections in Nasseriah governorate hospitals. Recent hemoglobin protein study revealed the
presence of different common defected hemoglobin types associated with these disorders,
distributed as the following: 15 subjects (18.7 %) were (HbAS) and 8 (10%) were (HbFS)
sickle cell minor carriers, 7(8.8%) were (HbS) sickle cell disease, while thalassemic major
were: 9 (11.3%) with (HbF) , and 12 (15%) with (HbAF) type. Thalassemia minor
hemoglobin (HbA2) type represents 7 (8.8%). However, there are also 22 subjects were have
normal Hb electrophoresis.
Conclusion: The investigations described below manifested a rapid and simple method which
allows quantitative analysis of the proportions of the various hemoglobins forms present.
Hemoglobin gel electrophoresis is a simple and convenient technique for the study of the
hereditary hemoglobimiopathies in alkaline pH (4.8 to 6.8). We suggest extending its usage to
the detection of other hemoglobin disorders.

This study was carried out to isolate Salmonella species from children, 170 fecal samples
were collected from children aged (5-12) years of both sexes that had suffering from diarrhea
in Teaching laboratories of Al- Hussein Hospital in Thi-Qar governorate. Nineteen isolates
were diagnosed as genus Salmonella and ensured by National center of Salmonella in
Baghdad, five Salmonella serotypes were determined as (Salmonella typhimurium (8)
(42.1%), S.braenderup (6) (31.58%), S.hadar (3) (15.78%), S.eneritidis (1) (5.27%), and S.
munchen (1) (5.27%). The results revealed that the rate of Salmonella isolates in fecal
samples of children was (11.17%). According to gender of children the rate of Salmonella
isolates was (68.42%) in males and (31.58%) in females. In respect to the rate of Salmonella
isolation in different age of children; age (5-8) years showed the highest rate respectively.
This article is a part of master thesis