Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

A prospective, randomized, placebo-conlrolled study was designed to investigate the efticacy and side effects of the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine hydrochloride, on postponing ejaculation in patients with premature ejaculation (PE). A total of 55 men with PE were scheduled to begin this study, but 5 of them have been dropped out for unknown reason, so tbc study was completed with a total number of 50 patients. The ages of these patients (who experienced primary premature ejaculation (lifelong rapid ejaculation)) ranging between 19 to 65 years. The patients were asked to detennine the time in seconds between vaginal penet.ration and ejaculation (latency time), by using a clock for four weeks before starting the trcatment,and a baseline mean ejaculatory latency time was measured. Then the patients were given either flouxetine hydrochloride or placebo for aditiomal 8 weeks. All patients were interviewed before and 8 weeks after beginning the treatment.Baseline mean ejaculatory latency time was 60.6 s; 20 mg/day of lluoxetine increased it to 199.3 s, while in patient using placebo it was 68. 15 s (p < 0.001). This resulted in significantly greater sexual satisfaction for men: 73% (p < 0.001). Generally. fluoxetine was well tolerated and there were no major side effects. None of the patients discontinued thempy due to adverse effects. Fluoxetinae hydrochloride may be regarded as a safe and effective option in the treatment of premature ejaculation.

A descriptive study , microbiological and pharmacological study was done on hildren with otitis externa 10 years of age and less attending the pediatrics and the Ear Nose and Throat department at the Tikrit Teaching hospitals during the period from 1st of August to 2007 to the last of February 2008. The aim of this study is to evaluate the response of bacteria causing otitis externa to the newly used antibiotics as compared with other old drugs. The total number of cases were 27 cases, males were 21 (77.8% ) while the rest were females, 6 cases (22.2% ). Most of the study cases were between the age of 5-10 years 22 cases (81.5%) .Most of the study cases were from the rural areas 18 cases (66.7%) . Chronic otitis externa is the commonest form of disease in the study cases 25 cases (92.6%) .Most of the study cases have nilateral OE 22 cases (81.5%). Most ofthe cases have infection at the auricle in both male and females, 13 cases (48.1%) and 5 cases (18.5%) respectively. Most ofthe study cases have onset of the disease during summer time , 21 cases (77. 8% ). Most of the study cases had history of swimming 19 cases (70.4% ). All the study cases had history of auricular pain 27 cases (100%), followed by feeling of itching in 16 cases (59.3% All the study cases have tenderness of the external ears specially on moving the pinna 27 cases (100%), followed by swelling of the pinna 16 cases (59.3% ).Staph aureus was the commonest microorganism encountered 18 cases ( 66.7%) followed by pseudomonas Aeruginosa 2 cases (7.4% ). No growth was found in 6 cases (22.2% ). Regarding staph aureus, there is significant response to both erythromycin and to the ciprofloxacin , 18 cases ( 1 00%) and 17 cases (94.4% ) respectively. Regarding the pseudomonas , only the ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin shows response 2 cases for each (100%).the study concludes that the use ofnew regime in the treatment of otitis

Aims: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of olive leaves extract mouthrinse on the development of plaque, gingivitis, periodontal pockets in different concentrations as pure extract 50%, apple cider vinegar (ACV) extract rinse 50%, ACV + olive leave extract (OLE) 15% in acidic medium, 20% ACV + OLE mouthrinse compared with the ideal standard control mouthrinse chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.2%. Fifty adult volunteers participated in this controlled single blind cross— over study, 10 subjects for each group, one control and four experimental groups with different concentrations of the rinse for | minute twice daily during 8 weeks period, 2 weeks interval between each visit for motivation and reinforcement of application of the material. Three applied indices (plaque and gingival indices by Loe and Silness), CPITN index by Ainamo recorded at baseline, after each experimental period and at the last visit, then examining the biological activity of the material in the laboratory. It had been found that materials were effective on the three applied indices with significant percentage reduction (for OLE 50%, ACV 50%) at p < 0.001 using unpaired Z-test, and at p < 0.001, p < 0.0! for OLE + ACV 51%, OLE + ACV 20% respectively using unpaired Z-test except for some visits for the two materials. Percentage reductions for the four applied concentrations were greatest for OLE + ACV 20%, OLE ~ ACV 15%, ACV, OLE respectively for the three applied indices with significant differences at p < 0.05 using repeated measures analysis of variance and Duncan test. Using OLE mouthrinse in different acidic concentrations offer benefit in plaque. gingival, periodontal pocket depth reductions, but it is much lower than that of CHX 0.2% mouthrinsc.

Diabetes Mellitus is considered as a member of oxidative stress syndrome. It is associated with an imbalance between types of free radicals and scavenger's system. This study showed the effect of the polyphenol compounds extracted from green tea (Camellia Sinesis L) on alloxan induced diabetic rabbits to determine their role in treatment of diabetes mellitus, their effect on enzymatic antioxidant and to know the histological effects on the diabetic kidney. The rabbits group was divided into five groups, cach group consist of 10 rabbits. The blood and tissue samples from these groups were taken for analysis and the result were as follow: There was a significant increase in Glucose .when polyphenol extract of green tea was used gave a significant decrease in all parameters (p<0.05) with dose rate of 100mg/kg of body weigt,200mgrkg of body weight as compared with diabetic group. There was a significant decrease in glutathione. When polyphenol extract of green tea was used with dose rate 100mg /kg of body weight gave a significant increase (p<0.05) in all parameters as compared with diabetic group.In comparison between the efficacy of herbs polyphenol compound in green tea. glibeneclamide it was appeared that the herbs are the better based on ¢ cy on treatment of diabetes and their effect on glucose and glutathione. The present results revealed that alloxan was effectively induced diabetes by partial destruction of b-cells of pancreas which lead to elevation of bload glucose level. As a consequence of hyperglycemia the abnormal effect was obvious in certain tissues in the body which attributed to the effect of diabetes Histological investigations shows that all the lesions in the kidney that result from diabetes such as hypertrophy, degeneration and hylanosis of the glomeruli.

1 he aims of this study were to determin the prevalence of and characteriLe E coli
0157. H7 &'>OCiated with houseflies. Musca domestica were collected from different
sites on a canle fann o•er a S- month period and processed individuaaly for E. coli
0157: H7 isolation and quanitication. E. coli T 0157 counts ranged from 5• 106
-
3"107 CI'U among posit ive houseflies . Microobial resistance of five different
antimicrobial; agents revealed that all the E. coli 0157: H7 isolates from all i~olates
were resi,tant to one or more of antimocrobial agents

Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious caused by Bordetella pertussis. During the last decade three Bordetella pertussis isolates have been found to be resistant to erythromycin, the azithromycin are used for treatment of pertussis. Sixty Child as 31 (5-day group) and 29 (10-day group) with pertussis in private clinic were evaluated for more efficiency of a 3-day course azithromycin in compares to a 10-day course erythromycin therapy. Treatment outcomes were stand on rates of bacteriological cure. Participants were randomized to receive 5 Days azithromycin (10 mg/kg/d) once a day or 10 Days Erythromycin 40 -30mgkg/ d in 4 divided doses, Bacteriological persistence did not happened for azithromycin ( 0% ) But for erythromycin ( one =3.44 %). Bacteriological failures occurred with azithromycin treatment (one =322%)while in Erythromycin (two ~~ =7.40 %) the estimates of bacterial cure were elevated for azithromyein 96.77% in compares for erythromycin 93.10% the bacterial cure rate time was 16.48 days for azithromycin less than for erythromycin 24.2625 days. The Variance in clinical manifestation duration for azithromycin 36.6 days less than for erythromycin 47.5 days for that our study recommended that 5-day azithromycin is more efficient than 10-day erythromycin in the treatment of pertussis in children.

Oral contraceptive steroids are used by an estimated 60 to 70 million women worldwide. Over the past 20 years there have been both case reports and clinical studies on the topic of drug interactions with these agents. The use of oral contraceptives has been consistently associated with decreased levels of the activity of many enzymes, and Vitamin C. The main transporter of copper, a2-globulin ceruloplasmin which is a multifunctional enzyme. The present study was conducted in Family planning in Tikrit Teaching Hospital in Tikrit province, Serum ceruloplasmin, copper, vitamin C, and iron levels were estimated in 54 women who were using oral contraceptives for at least I year. The mean age of women was (32.08 years vs. 27.04 years of control). The serum level of ceruloplasmin (Cp) as antioxidant protein was significantly high in comparison to control group (mean 40.5 mg/dl vs. 33.28 mg/dl, Pof serum copper in women were using contraceptive (17.03 J.!MIL) is significantly higher (Pvitamin C values in women using contraceptives were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05), the mean of vitamin C value was 3.452 ~-tM/L vs. 6.534 ~-tM/L of control. The mean value of serum iron in women were using contraception (8.642 ~tM/L) which is less significantly (P(17.603 ~-tM/L).

The objective of this study is to through light on the prevalence of hypocalcaemia in thalassemic patients registered in Ibn Al-balady Hospital (Thalassemic Centre) Baghdad- Iraq four hundred patients selected with thalassemia major were included in the study, randomly selected throughout October, 2001. They are subjected to serum study for calcium phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. Twenty patients x-rayed for bones only no facilities for studying serum ferritin, parathyroid hormone and densometry for bones. It was found that hypocalcaemia is prevalent in eighty seven patients out of 400 and more prevalent among age group 10 years and above

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) is two immunological steps sandwich type assay. In the first step the hormone is captured by a monoclonal antibody bound to the wells of a micrometer plate. In the second step a biotinylated monoclonal antibody is added with streptavidin -peroxidase conjugate. The biotinylated antibody binds to the solid phase antibody complex and, in turn, binds the conjugate. After incubation, the wells are washed and the antigen complex bound to the well detected by addition of chromogenic substrate. The intensity of the coloration is proportional to the hormone concentration in the sample. ELISA technique for quantitative determination of Tri-iodothyroxine (13). Tetra-iodothyroxine (Ty). thyroid Stimulating Hormone (ISH). prolactin (Prol). Luteinizing hormone (111), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and (Testo.) concentration was used. In present work the minimum detectable centrations (MDC) of | ones by this technique were estimated to be:



The study was conducted in Al-Khadmia Teaching Hospital from November 2006 to June 2007 and aimed recovery, precision. accuracy and minimum detection limit of analytical technique ELISA for the determination of hormones in (35) samples of human serum.

Infertility is a commen problem around the world . About one in six of all couples have some problem in getting pregnant and that includes some trying for a second or subsequent baby!) . The most common causes of it is ovulation defects and the famous treatment of this cause is by ovulation induction drugs especially clomiphene citrate which used for long period , but this treatment is not without side effects and one of the side effects is ovarian cyst . The aim of this study is to assess the effect of oral contraceptive pills , provera tablets (medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets) and expectant management in the resolution of ovarian cysts induced by clomiphene citrate ovulation induction Study design : a prospective randomized study Setting: patients complained of ovarian cyst more than 2.5 mm were diagnosed by ultrasound

after clomiphene citrate ovulation induction and randomized into 3 groups . Group ( !) received oral contraception , group ( 2) received oral progesterone tablets treatment and group ( 3) had expectant management. Follow up of patients were done monthly by ultrasound

and resolution of cyst was observed as a main out come measure .

The aims of this study werc to evaluate the effectiveness of German chamomile extract as a mouthrinse on the development of plague, gingivitis, pathological pockets and calculus in man to determine whether it can provide any benefit without the addition of other additives.Fifty adult volunteers participated in this controlied single blind cross-over study. The subjects used either German Chamomile or a chlorhexidine mouthrinse for 1 minute twice daily during eight weeks period. 2 weeks interval between each visit for motivation and reinforcement of application of the material Four applied indices (plaque and gingival indices by Loe and Silness), CPITN index by Ainamo and calculus index by Ramfjord were recorded at baseline, after each experimental period and at the last visit. The mean reduction in plaque. gingival and periodontal pocket depths were determined by using paired Z-test between each visit at P< 0.01 significantly lower for GC than for CHX mouthrinse. While for calculus index there was significant increase between each visit at P< 0.05 using paired Z-test and for all visits using repeated measures ~~ F-test at P <0.01.Using GC mouthrinse in a percentage of 1:4 appears to offer benefit in plaque, gingival, pocket depth reductions but with significant adverse increase in calculus index.