DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES

In many manufacturing fields such as the aeroplanes and automobiles industries, the control of the thinning variations in produced parts is a major point to investigate since good thickness distribution mean the reliability of these products. In this framework, several experimental and numerical modeling tests have been developed for the purpose of studying phenomenon of thinning during rubber pad forming process. The low carbon steel (AISI 1080) has been used as the blank material. Three forming block shapes had been used (flat, hemispherical andcomplex), rubber pad with three different hardness(50, 60and 70 Shore A)also the rubber pad thickness have (40, 60and 80 mm). The results have showed that improvement in thickness distribution occurred with decrease in rubber hardness and thickness distribution is various from one deformation style to other

Clutch friction plate is an important part in the transmission of power in all rotating parts. To have a good view of the way it works many studies that have been made . In this research a Polymer hybrid composite have been blended to study wear and compressive ability of the composite .it has been shown that sample (4) have the highest stress value with smallest strain value. sample (3) showed a convenient stress with very good strain tolerance. The study has revealed that the rate of wear and tear decreases in the case of reinforcing the base material(Novelac) which mean an increase in wear resistance, especially with the increase in the percent of kevlar fiber aramid 49 to (40%-50%),where it was found that the lowest values of wear rate was in the sample (4)

This study presents an experimental work for elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) in point contact case. In this study, experimental studies have been conducted to show how friction varies over a wide range of running conditions. The effect of the change in parameters such as lubricant’s viscosity, base oil type, and load on power lossis investigated. The oils have used (5W-20, 10W-30, 10W-40 and 20W-50) which have a different grade of viscosity. The test is conducted using a ball on disc test rig. Different loads have been used (30, 40, 50, and 60 N). The boundary conditions are :the oil’s temperature is (25 oC temperature room); the radius of ball is (0.018 m). The coefficient of friction of oils for each load has been calculated. Atnthe same load and same initial conditions the results shows, the increase in friction coefficient with the increase of viscosity is almost linear with an average slope of 1.4 (Pa.s)-1. Also, the increase in load results in linear increase in friction coefficient by an average slope of 0.63 N-1.

In our life,computer has entered in all fields and its impact appeared in solving many of problems. One of those problems isthe ability to store and deal with a huge amount of data. Also, the consequent method of indexing, retrieving and preserving that data requires cost and effort we need for a longtime. In this paper, the authors designed and implemented a new method of database for the Office of Security Permits at University of Diyala to resolve the routine process and change the traditional work into an advanced digital work. This database has designed based on a software application with interface programed in C# and using Microsoft Access. The results show that this database management system has reflected remarkable achievement in administrational work at Office of Security Permits because it makes everything easy to deal with such as storing, adding, deleting data and printing the final reports

The ground water resources are an important component of arid and semi-arid countries such as the Baquba area under this study. The pumping tests have conducted in the shallow unconfined aquifer (Quaternary sediments) within Baquba Local Government Area,Diyala, Iraq, for estimating of the aquifer properties as there is limited information on aquifer parameters. Draw down and recovery data have recorded in seventeen single pumping wells and two monitoring wells locates at distances of 4 and 20 m from the pumping well in Abu-Khamis and Al-Othmania sites respectively. Type-curve matching of the draw down and recovery data have analyzed using Cooper-Jacob's Straight-line and These recovery methods through computer software(Aqtesolv4.5). The ranges of the drilling borehole depth are 15m to 38.4m. The aquifer saturated thickness ranges from 8m to 26m. The outcomes of the pumping test data analysis showed that the transmissivity values ranged between 124 to 541 m2/day with an average value of 245.3m2/day. The hydraulic conductivity ranged from 7.5 to 25.6 m/day with an average value of 14.5 m/day. The specific yield ranges from 0.05 to 0.28 with an average value of 0.12. The specific capacity of the wells have ranged from 0.86 to 7.07 l/s with an average value of 2.46 l/s. The transmissivity values have analyzed according to Krasny classification system (KCS) for identifying the transmissivity variations as well as the supply potential of the groundwater within the study area. The transmissivity classification results have showed that the study area classifies as a high groundwater supply potential with slightly heterogeneous aquifer soil.

The aimof this work is to investigates the residual stresses and microstructural characteristics of advanced composite ceramic coatings (ZrO₂-20%MgO) which were produced by thermal spraying coating (flame spraying) onto the low carbon steel substrate (AISI 1015) steel. The bond coat used in this work was NiCrAlY alloy between metallic substrate and advanced composite ceramic coatings which was implemented by flame spraying technique. The residual stresses were evaluated by X-ray diffraction techniques using sin²ψ method. Microstructural examination studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ( EDS) . The thickness of bond coating was (260ϻm) and for composite ceramic coating was (520 ϻm). The results 2 indicated that the residual stresses were compressive residual stresses.The 2magnitudes2 of the stresses 2in the as-sprayed condition 2 are low and its value22was (-19.041 MPa).

Body health monitoring is so important to us for ensure that our health is in an excellent case. The systems for Health monitoring are a new subject and significant research scope nowadays. There are many significant vital parameters in the health observing systems, Heart Rate (HR) is one of the most important signs of these parameter to be monitor; it is a vital indicator of people’s physiological state.Monitoring of heart rate oftentimes includes high costs and complex application of sensors and its systems. Therefore to cover this needed it must advance systems that are able to measure HR and ECG systems for the purpose of monitoring. This paper focuses on reviewing the monitoring of the heart rate systems with the uses of a fingertip sensor and electrocardiogram other remote technologies. More than forty of the heart rate measuring and observing systems and Electrocardiogram systems have reviewed and grouped into two groups one for heart rate and the other for wearable ECG, presented its features and common specifications for each of them, resulting from this review that the authors have focused on designing systems that can be optimum choice for illness people which they have needed to be continuous monitoring. The systems are acceptable error rate and some of them allow the user to freely move based on the wireless technology, the systems easy for usage by the patient or elder people and with a suitable cost. Also, this paper presents security, personality, reliability of systems and the quality of the signal.

Hospital is one of the most important and vital part in health care sector that must always improve the service performance quality level that provides to patients.It spends little effort on planning for service quality. The ensuing costs associated with poor service quality planning lead to lower profitability as part of the “cycle of service failures. In this research, a comparative study between famous public and private hospital in Baghdad city have been established to measure and assess the service quality in both hospitals from patient point view .SERVQUAL model used and gaps analysis have been calculated for each main and sub dimensions in order to assist management to continuously improve service quality. Also, weight method was used to identify the better hospital that has a good actual service quality using the perception service. The data was collected by using the questionnaire.The final result was illustrated that the weighted Perception service quality for public hospital is (4.196), while for private hospital is (2.928).So, the public hospital has better quality service than private hospital

Erbium Doped Fiber Ring Laser (EDFRL) and Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) are being used to generate optical nonlinear signals to increase the level of security. Using nonlinear components in communication systems are the leading cause of inferiority in all system performance. One of the most significant current adopted to improve system performance is to use multiple sources at transmitter and multiple sources at receiver. The aim of this paper is to explore this technology to reduce the overall system complexity and improve its performance via designing an all optical wireless diversity technique to benefit from generating the nonlinear optical signals by the optical components. The design of different optical nonlinear modulation schemes for optical wireless communications is presented in this paper. EDFRL and MZI are important components in optical systems used to generate nonlinear optical for secure communications which are generate sequence by exploiting nonlinearities. We evaluate and compare the Bit-Error Rate (BER) versus SNR at a distance of 500 meter between optical emitter and detector in a wireless channel using electrical generators and optical generators (all optical components). We compared the BER performance for different diversity schemes where as the results show the performance superiority for the system with multiple inputs (LEDs)and multiple outputs (photo detectors)as compared with systems using single input single output. We used OPTSYS software to simulate the results.

Raising the figure of population and restricted land for development in Sulaimani leads to the growing of vertical housings and small apartments.Small apartments are a consequence of the continuous growing population and urban housing development. The marketing prices and the growing urbanization oblige folks into less amount of space. Human necessities are still alike or perhaps it is much more than what it used to be. There is a lot of fundamental need to be preserved and achieved to create human well being. The problem of small spaces can be resolved by some ways; however,it is still required for furniture to develop to be more innovative to accommodate small living spaces. Since furniture is a necessity and not luxury, everybody is in need of it. Therefore, living in a small space necessitates minimalist and space-saving furniture solutions to sustain human well being. This paper attempts to explore the Influence of Using Minimalist Furniture on the Efficiency of the Living Space; by means of the variable resulting from preceding studies based on literature had been creating a checklist to measurement minimalist furniture influencing the living space efficiency. This paper concludes that most of the principles of the minimalist approach have been overlooked at, which had an impact on the space efficiency in the living room

In this paper, the effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) content proportion on the development of compressive strength of geopolymer pastes were studied. Eleven geopolymer pastes mixes replacement (0% to 100%) by increment (10%) of binder(Fly Ash) by GGBFS with three mini-size specimens (50-mm cube) compression tests were conducted at ambient condition (30 ± 2 °C). Class F-fly ash (FA) and GGBFS were used as aluminosilicate source. The alkaline activator was a combine of sodium silicate (SS) solution and sodium hydroxide (SH) solution with (SS/SH) ratio of (2.0) and molarity of sodium hydroxide of (10M). Based on the test results, it was find that the addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) to geopolymer paste based fly ash caused increase significantly of compressive strength when cured at ambient condition, and the optimum mix was found to have GGBFS content of 100%, can be improved the compressive strength as high as (74% and 62%) at 7 and 28 days respectively. The reason for this trend is that the increasing forming of calcium silicate hydrate C-S-H gel of geopolymer pastes containing a large amount of GGBFS caused more denser microstructure. Lastly, it is worth noting that this test methodology used in this study is for the purpose of determining the best ratio of slag replacement with fly ash in geopolymer paste, to give the highest improvement ratio in compressive strength compared with the reference (Fly Ash based geopolymer paste).

Demolition waste is an important topic in the construction industry, and as a result of demolishing old buildings, very large amounts of wastes are created and must be properly managed. The authors assumed that the building was demolished.The research aims to use the BIM model (Building Information Modeling)in demolition waste management because it provides reliable information for the decision-makers. The idea of the research was applied to the Deanship of Medicine College as a case study and was modeled using Revit software. Through modeling, the quantity takeoff is extracted for materials and by utilizing the ratios of field survey from a previous researcher, demolition waste was sorted. The results showed the process to calculate the volume of demolition for concrete and brick, as well as the process of sorting the demolition waste to (on-site reuse, reuse another site, recycle, and landfills). The authors found that through this research, the number of trucks required to transport demolition waste to its appropriate locations can be calculated