Journal of Techniques

We studied the inhibitory effect of lactobacillus gasseri filterate against pathogenic bacterialisolates from acne especially Propionbacterium acnes , Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
All pathogenic isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacine , and Cefotaxime antibiotics , while all isolates are resistance to Erythromycin.
The inhibitory effect of unconcentrated and double concentrated Lb. gasseri filterate were measured against acnes bacterial isolates at 24 , 48 , and 72 hrs respectively by using well diffusion method . The results showed that the highest inhibitory effect of Lb. gasseri filterate on acne pathogens was at 48 hrs incubation period using the double concentratated filterate , while the inhibitory effect of unconcentrated and double concentrated Lb. gasseri filterate on acne pathogens was less or nil when cultured at (24 , 72 ) hrs .
We recommend to use the metabolism product of the tested bacteria in different applications and using efficient strain against another pathogenic bacteria

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Ethanol extract of Citrullus colocynthis when used at a dose (9.6) mg/kg. body weight on some parameters which were inclubed body weights , reproductive organs ( uterus and ovary ) and some blood parameters and histopathological changes for liver and heart of mature white mice females during different periods ( 2 , 4 , 6 and 8 weeks) daily via drinking water.
Results indicated no significant difference of body weights, ovary weights and packed cell volume of all mice treated with a dose of (9.6) mg/kg as compared with control groups. Mean while, results showed significant difference ( p<0.05 ) of uterus weights as well as there significant difference (p<0.01) of white and red blood cells numbers of all treated mice during ( 2, 4 , 6 and 8 weed) daily via drning water. The study was in dicated histopathological changes in liver and heart of female mice treated with a dose ( 9.6) mg/kg body weight also after (8) week of treatment, it was noticed sever necrosis and pyknosis of some liver nuclei, while there was degeneration changes with myocardial necrosis of the heart, and appearance of Oedema in the connective tissues of the subepicardium.

This field study carried out in "radiation and medicine hospital, and Baghdad Teaching hospital "from the period of 15/10/2009 to 15/1/2010 to detect the assessment for women knowledge about risk factors among females with breast cancer. The sample included (50) cases (inpatients and outpatients) of the above mentioned hospitals were involved to data collection through interviews by inquiry papers prepared by researcher (special questionnaire) was in two sections:
1) The demographic information of the data collection with some variables
2) The risk factors of breast cancer in their of view
The results showed that the patient already have a good knowledge about the risk factors led to such fatal breast cancer (56%) of the patients mentioned that the low of immunity played the major reason. (42%) stated the excessive fat consuming was the reason, of breast cancer while (36%) said that fatness and the neglecting breast feeding confirmed the disease of breast cancer.
The study recommends the necessity of creating and carrying out educational programs to explain the nature and risk factors of this fatal breast cancer and prevail females awareness of the disease showing how to avoid the dangerous disease.

In these presented study had included 180 middle ear swab ,which were obtained from patients with otitis media , attending the consultant clinic /ENT department in general hospital in Diyala province , for the period from 1/11/2004 to 30/5/2005 to isolate the pathogenic bacteria that cause otitis media and the sensitivity of bacterial causative of otitis media to antibiotics , and effect of PH on bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics
The percent of otitis media infection in male and female was (30)(52.22%)and 24 (14%) respectively and 1-10 year age in show the high rate is infection 40% , The result show 124.44% case of otitis media in January month, the results reveal, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common bacterial isolates 52(30.6%),followed by proteus mirabilis, S.aureus which constituted 30 ( 17.64% ) and 24 (14 % ) respectively.
Isolates of P. aeruginosa were susceptible to Tobramycin ( 69 . 23 % ) , Amikacin ( 92 . 3 % ) ,Ciprofloxacin ( 96 .2 % ) and Ofloxacin ( 100 % ) .Isolates of Proteus mirabilis were susceptible to Tobramycin ( 90 % ) and all isolates were ( 100 % ) susceptible to Amikacin , Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin . For S . aureus, all isolates ( 100 % ) showed susceptible to Tobramycin , Amikacin , Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin .There was also showed the increased sensitivity of P.aeruginos, Proteus mirabilis and S. aureus isolates to antibiotics in alkaline medium .

In this research, an analysis of some transitions diverse and study their effect on indicators of range of motion for the disabled after wearing the B.k prosthesis, and the most important aimed of the research is to identify the most important indicators of range motion of some transitions for the disabled after wearing the prosthesis, which includes walking on the ground flat and walking during the rise and descent of the slope, and then identify the differences between these indicators under different traffic conditions. The study was conducted on a sample from a disabled patients who are in the clinic education at the Medical Rehabilitation / P&O Dep. in Institute of Medical Technology-Baghdad, from 1 4 2010 to 30 4 2010, and the most important conclusions reached by the research that the weakness of articulation of the foot industrial led to the transmission of the outcome of the forces to the back and front of the knee joint and hip during the rise and descent of the slope, and even more than is needed, which led to the impact on indicators of range of motion of these joints during the performance of the movement of walking. In addition, we find that the change in the angler relationship between the parts of the artificial limb and amputated limb led to impact on indicators of range of motion of joints of lower limb, which significantly affected on the measurements of the stride length,and the most important recommendations is the need to rely in the curriculum rehabilitation of persons with disabilities on the numerous instances of walking to acclimate the patient to address all the various constraints that will be encountered during the walk outside

The blood vessel is one of the organs that are adversely influenced by smoking. The aim of this work is to study the relationship between cigarette smoking (dose and duration) with the hypertension. Two hundred subjects were included in this study, classified into control group (100 subjects healthy normotensive males), their age range was between 20-50 years (age mean was 35.72 + 8.97 years) and patients group (100 male hypertensive patients ) of similar age range, their age mean was 43.64 + 63 years, Each individual included in this study was asked about cigarette smoking habit , number of cigarettes per day, and number of years they smoke. Manual auscultator measurement of systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure was carried out for all subjects. The study shows a significant increase of systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients smoking more than 10 year duration, while diastolic blood pressure significantly increases before 5 year duration of smoking and became highly significant above 10 years. On other hand, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure show a significant increase in those smoke less than 20 cigarettes per day ,and highly significant in people smoke more than 20 cigarettes per day at P< 0.001.
In conclusion, there are a significant relationship between the smoking (duration and dose) with hypertension, particularly in those who smoke more than 20 cigarettes per day for more than 10 years.

Aim of the study:- to investigate the efficiency of low power laser therapy (infra red laser) compared with ultra sound therapy for relief of pain in patients with soft shoulder disorder (frozen shoulder).
Subjects and Methods:- This study is carried out at the Medical Institute/ Baghdad, Rehabilitation center and Al-Kirks hospital during the period from November 2009 till March 2010. 40 patients with frozen shoulder with age ranged from 30-70 years assigned into one of two groups. In the active laser group(n=20),patients aged ranged from 30-70 years old were treated with 904 nm infra red laser, 3 times weekly for 2 week applied to eight points on the shoulder for 30 second each. In the ultra sound group (n=20) ,patients aged ranged from 30-70 years old were treated with pulsed ultrasound(Figure4)(frequency=890 HZ; intensity 2.5W/cm2 pulsed mode) three times weekly for 2 weeks. total pain score were calculated before and after ultra sound and laser treatment by using International Shoulder pain score .
Results:- for the studied samples of laser technique ,the results showed that from 12 male and 8 female with mean value of male =52.67 ,SD=11.69 and of female M=53.38,SD=9.47 which indicated that similarity age group in general since that the total sample of mean age group was 52.95 of both gender. Also, in this study we observed in the ultra sound group , which included 14 male and 6 female with Mean value of male=52.93,SD=9.19 and of female Mean=51,SD=11.9 which indicated that similarity age group in general since the total sample of mean age group was 52.35 of both gender. in general the results showed that highly decreased in pain score where obtained in all items of scores especially in the total pain score which indicated along space of decrease range from 75.6 to 38.6(laser group). While during 2 weeks of ultrasound technique, in general the results showed that highly decreased in pain score where obtained in all items of scores especially in the total pain score which indicated range from 84.9 to 65.4. In addition to that ,in the laser group cases analysis we observed that pain scale respondents registered to high significant difference at P<0.001 for whole items of pain score with positive sited of improvement included with total pain score which represented the same significant as it is represented with each items . While at the ultrasound group ,the results showed that pain scale respondents registered to high significant difference at P<0.001 for whole items of pain score with positive sited of improvement included with total score which represented the same significant as it is presented with each items.
Conclusion:- Throughout our study, we concluded that frozen shoulder syndrome sometimes treated in our hospitals in the physiotherapy centers with a beam of light known as laser ,although that the low level laser (I.R. laser) has a significant effect in this type disorders. laser therapy and ultrasound therapy showed that are effective methods for reducing pain , each technique can be used to achieved the same results in other way each technique can be substituted each other .
Recommendations:- We recommended to use of low level laser for the management of the a variety of musculoskeletal disorders for pain reliving

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain with diarrhea and/or constipation. Chronic and recurring symptoms of IBS can disrupt personal and professional activities, upset emotional well-being and limit individual potential.
Design of the study: Descriptive analytical design of the study starting from July 8th 2008 to the April 29th 2009 in order to identify the impact of IBS upon psychosocial status of clients.
Setting of the Study: The present study was carried out in the Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Hospital (G&LDH) in Baghdad on150 adult's clients who have IBS.
The study Instrument: The questionnaire was composed of two parts and introductory page that invite the subjects to participate in the study.
Part I: Socio- Demographic Information Sheet
Part II: Used three domains from Short-form 36 Version II, which included: Role emotion, social functioning, and mental health domains.
Results: The findings of the present study Indicated that the majority (66%) of them were female (26.7%) at 28-37 years old, (62%). The Psychosocial factors which affected on clients with IBS presented that the 72% of them have a problem in accomplished their regular daily activities, 18.7% of them have quite a bit problems which interfered with their social activities
Conclusion: IBS client a negative impact on the psychosocial status for female and male groups, older clients with IBS have a problems in psychosocial status than younger, continuous married of IBS clients batter than widowed clients in psychosocial status.

Streptococcus mutans, known to be an etiologic agent of dental caries, also causes infective endocarditic. In the present study, acute vaginitis samples (vaginal swabs) were investigated from pregnant women patients whom admitted to many hospitals of Delivery and Maternal in Baghdad city. Ages of the women ranged from 20-30 years (only marriage one), while all samples were collected during March to July 2009.
One hundred and fifty vaginal swabs were collected and cultured on Blood agar plate, Nutrient agar plates, Chocolate agar plates and MacConkey agar plates, then incubated aerobically and anaerobically for 24 hrs. Bacterial diagnosis were done according to macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical tests.
The results of recent study were showed that the prevalence of bacterial acute vaginitis in pregnant women, 18(12%) as positive cases, while no growth was seen in the rest vaginal swabs 132 (88%). Results of bacterial isolation and identification were showed that out of 18 isolates only 8 isolates diagnosed as Streptococcus mutans , Staphylococcus epidermidis 8 isolates, Staphylococcus aureus 6 isolates, and 5 isolates for each Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus salivaris and Proteus spp.
Results of blood hemolysis of Strep. mutans isolates as virulence factors were showed that only two isolates (25%) having ability to produce hemolysin enzyme, and noticed that four isolates (50%) of Strep. mutans were having ability to produce extracellular protease enzyme on Mg media. While it have (100%) ability to produce siderophores.
Results of antibiotics sensitivity test of Strep. mutans isolates showed that all isolates were resistant (100%)to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin, whereas seven isolates were resistant in a lesser degree (87.5%) to tetracycline and Gentamycin (75%) to Cefotaxime and Ciprofloxacin and (62.5%) to Erythromycin. But also all isolates showed highly sensitivity (100%) to Amoxiclave, Doxicyclin and Ampiclox antibiotics.
The study concluded that Strep. mutans isolates were showed moderate prevalence in the distribution of pathogenic microorganism of acute vaginitis. These isolates were having (25%) ability of blood hemolysis, (50%) produce protease enzyme and (100%) siderophores production. Strep. mutans vaginal isolates were appeared high sensitivity(100%) to Amoxiclave, Doxicyclin and Ampiclox antibiotics, but it had 100% resistance to synthetic Penicillin(Ampicillin & Amoxcillin) and there were different susceptibility to rest antibiotics that used in the study.
The study recommended that isolation and identification of the causative agent as well as its virulence factors are very important and also using of sensitivity test having high value to set the scientific and medical antibacterial drugs to patients

Objectives: The objectives of the study are to assess female student’s knowledge of the college of nursing/ University of Sulaimani about breast cancer, and to determine the relationship between female student’s knowledge and their demographic characteristics such as (age, marital status, monthly income, and residential area).
Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out at the college of nursing / university of Sulaimani (Kurdistan region). The study started at the beginning of February up to the end of June 2009. To achieve the objectives of the study, non- probability (purposive) sample of (98) female students including all the female students of the college of nursing / university of sulaimani in all stages. Data were collected through the use of constructed questionnaire, which included of three parts, the first part consist of (6) items, which include the demographic information and the second part includes the family history of the students, while the third part consists of (54) items which include the knowledge of the students concerning breast cancer.
The content validity of instrument was established through penal of (10) experts.
Reliability of instrument was determined through the split-half approach, (r=87).
Data was collected by (self-Report) method, using the questionnaire formal and data was analyzed by the application of descriptive and inferential statistical method.
Results: The result of the study indicated that the high percent of the students was (30.6%) for age (18-19) in the first stage of the college and most of them was single (84.7%) and suffer from insufficient monthly income who live in urban area and there is significant relationship between (age, residential area) and the knowledge concerning cancer of Breast, and the majority of the study sample have no family history concerning breast cancer.
Recommendations: Based on the results of the study, it’s recommended to give a chance to the student to get update information about breast cancer, and an education program for female in the rural areas in sulaimani city about breast cancer

Hearing loss is a common chronic medical condition in adults and children .
Analysis was done to a yearly rates of hearing loss among people attended to Azady Hospital between September 2001 to May 2006 . It is found that hearing loss a worsening trend in hearing status occurred over this time period. Percentage of hearing loss appear to be increased after 2003 and the male show higher percentage 504(64.53%) than female 277(35.46%) . The more age group affected was 51 years old and above , people with illiterate and primary education more affected than secondary and higher level .
Bilateral hearing loss recoded 548(70.16%) more than unilateral 233(29.83%) while mild and moderate hearing loss recorded 351,255 (44.94%, 32.65%) respectively higher than sever hearing loss 175(22.40%).
Medical treatment indicated the higher percentage (30.21%) than another like , hearing aid (24.83%) finally surgery (11.39%) . Prevalence of hearing loss can be decreased by improvement of the diagnostic

In the present study, the toxicity experiments were conducted with intermolt and molting larvae (stage I) of freshwater shrimp C. babaulti basrensis and river crab S. boulengeri from Shatt Al–Arab river. The larvae of the two species were exposed to different concentrations (0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, 4.8 and 6.4ppm) of WSF of Basrah regular crude oil in the static toxicity system for 96 hours period. In the terms of median lethal concentrations (LC50), The molting larvae of shrimp and crab were more sensitive than intermolt one to WSF of crude oil. The intermolt and molting larvae of shrimp were more sensitive than were intermolt and molting larvae of crab. Further toxicity experiments were conducted with the molting larvae of shrimp and crab. The larvae were exposed to different concentrations of WSF of crude oil, (0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.9ppm) for shrimp and (0.6, 0.9, 1.8 and 2.8ppm) for crab, to different exposure periods (12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours) in the renewal toxicity system. After exposure periods were over, the larvae were transferred to clean river water for recovery and further observations. The total time for each test (exposure period+the period in clean river water) was 168 hours. The high concentrations of WSF of crude oil [1.9ppm (shrimp) and 2.8ppm (crab)] reduced molting success of shrimp and crab larvae by 80 and 91% respectively after 24 hours period of exposure and some deaths occurred. While these high concentrations declined the molting success of shrimp and crab larvae by 95 and 98% respectively after 96 hours period of exposure, and larvae usually died. The lowest concentrations of WSF of crude oil [0.3ppm (shrimp) and 0.6ppm (crab)] did not inhibit molting of shrimp and crab larvae at any period of exposure, but many larvae died after molting. The 168 hours LC50 values for molting larvae of shrimp and crab were lower than the 96 hours LC50 values of molting larvae of the both species.

This study which was started from (1/10/2006) to (1/10/2007) aimed to determine the rate of infection of the intestinal protozoa from patients in the healthy centers in Al-Dour city. Total stool samples (650) were examined and 160 (66.7%) was positive case for Entamoeba histolytica and 80 (33.3%) positive case for Giardia lambelia.
All the stool samples were examined macroscopically with naked eye to observe the color, blood and mucus and microscopical examination (direct method) by using normal saline (0,85%) to determined trophozoits and cysts of E. histolytica and G. lambelia. In this study we used statistical analysis in order to assess and analyze the results which included the descriptive statistics (contingency tables, contingency coefficients and graphical presentation) and inferential statistics to accept or project the statistical hypothesis.
The observed frequencies distribution discern that the both responding, (positive and negative) recorded the same results proportionally among the gender relatively, then followed by diagnosis sample single or double infection responding and two different distributed among both gender and then finally followed by the diagnosis sample (positive and negative) responding and different distributed of age groups of the studied samples .
The observed frequencies distribution discern that the both responding, species (E. histolytica) and (G. lambelia) recorded the different in their distribution results among the infection status (single and double) infection relatively with a significant different, then followed by the studied species, the results showed that in male E. histolytica species decreases compared with the other species, while these results reversed in female in a highly obtained confidence and then finally followed by species (E. histolytica) and (G. lambelia) recorded the different in their distribution results among the different age groups relatively with high relative obtained confidence level .

A descriptive &evolutional study was carried out to identify the effect of work on the out come of pregnancy for the working women.
A purposive sample of (100) women were selected from colleges, factories, hospitals
during the period 10 – 30 march 2006.
Data was collected through the interview of women .questionnaire format was designed and contained 3 parts, demographic variable, reproductive variables, and variables related to the work. Descriptive and inferential statistical procedures were used to analyze the data the results of study revealed that the highest percentage (67 %) of mother age was ranged between (20-34) years and the highest percentage (60 % )of mothers were graduates of primary school and less most of them with low socio economic status (SES)
Also the result indicated that most out come of pregnancy of complication are abortion and low birth weight and these two complication had a significant relation ship with type of work and working hours. It is recommended that emphasize on prenatal care as early as possible as well as the nurses must take their roles in perception of work hazards such as physical ; chemical; or biologic .

New transition metals complexes of anticipated analgesic activity were prepared by coordination of Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) metals with the ligand L = 4- aminoantipyrine
(4-AAP) in 1:2 and 1:3 molar ratio. The metal ions were bidentately bonded to the ligand in the complexes. Complexes have been synthesized by direct reaction in neutral medium to give complexes of the general formula [(ML2)Cl2. 2H2O] and [(ML3)Cl2].
The molecular formula of these complexes were proved by CHN analysis in addition to the IR and UV spectra. The molar conductivity measurements showed the octahedral geometry around the metal ion. The geometry (three dimensional structures) of complex (IV) at minimized energy was established by chem.3D Ultra; molecular modeling and analysis confirmed the suggested structure

placenta during pregnancy. The early indications that leptin might function in hematopoiesis arose from the cytokine characteristics of leptin and its receptor, the identification of leptin receptors in hematopoietic tissues.
Aim:The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of iron deficiency anemia on the levels of serum leptin.
Subjects & Method:One hundred and twenty iron deficient, pregnant women at equal number of different gestation periods (40: 1st trimester, 40:2nd trimester, 40: 3rd trimester) were subjected to the study. Their ages were between 15-41 years. They were investigated at Maternity hospital in Arbil governorate from 1st January 2007 to 30th July 2007. Sixty healthy normal pregnant women at equal number of different gestation period were subjected to the study as a control group.
Hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell indices (MCV and MCH), serum ferritin, serum iron, serum TIBC and serum level of leptin were estimated from each subjected women.
Results:The mean values of serum leptin of anemic pregnant women were 20.18  1.702ng/ml, while the mean value of serum leptin of control (normal) pregnant women was 26.29  3.309 ng/ml.
Statistical analysis revealed that Serum ferritn and serum iron levels were significantly (P< 0.001) decreased in iron deficient anemic pregnant women which reached 81.98  6.869 µg /dl and 21.36 2.946µg/l respectively. Serum total iron Binding capacity (TIBC) increased, but not statistically significant . The mean values reached 422.8  16.82 µg /dl in iron deficient anemic pregnant women.
Conclusion: From the results of the study, we concluded that there were decreased in serum levels of leptin, iron and ferritin in pregnant anemic women, while total iron binding capacity increased.

The research included measurement of calcium, inorganic phosphate (Pi) and creatinine concentrations in blood and urine samples and the measurement of the activity of alkaline phosphatase( AlP) in blood for pregnant.
Venous blood samples were taken from 12 normal healthy nullipourous women and 41 pregnant women and random urine samples were taken from 37 pregnant women and 12 normal healthy volunteers the effect of gestational period, gravidity, milk nourishment and age on some biochemical parameters were studied.
The results showed a significant increase in AlP activity, small decrease in calcium, phosphorous and creatinine concentrations in blood in the third trimester, while Ca/ Cr, P/ Cr and urinary excretion of phosphorous increased in pregnant when compared to control.
The results also predicted that there is no difference between groups when compared according to gravida. Pregnant women who nourished with milk during gestation period have an increase in calcium and phosphorous concentrations in blood and a decrease in calcium and phosphorous excretion.
Finally, a decrease in calcium and phosphorous with age also was noticed, and no effect of age on calcium and phosphorous excretion in urine.

Data collected from delivered women in (Azadi and Kirkuk- General hospitals ) from the beginning of January / 2000 till the end of December / 2003 to detect the relation between advanced maternal age and the pregnancy outcomes and the main complications that may occur during pregnancy and delivery.
The total number of delivered women collected was (9725) and it was divided into
( 2 ) groups according to the age , the first one include all women with age below ( 40 ) years (9387) and the second group was the women above age of (40) years (338) The study showed that women above 40 years of age were more prone for caesarian section delivery (215- 63.6%) ,post partum bleeding (245- 72.9%) and abnormal fetal presentation either breech ( 161-47.6$) or transverse (139-41.2%).Genetic abnormalities especially ( Down- Syndrome ) is increased with advanced maternal age mainly (above 40 years of age – 64.2 %)

The toxicity of gas oil and BP1100 dispersant to the larvae (nauplii) and adult barnacle Balanus amphitrite amphitrite was studied. The percentage of non motility and dead individuals of the nauplii and adults of the barnacle was directly proportional with the concentration and exposure time of the chemicals. The adults and nauplii of B. amphitrite amphitrite had a similar affectability to the BP 1100. The nauplii killed at lower concentration than the adults. Cirral activity of the adults barnacle was reduced when exposed to BP 1100.
A comparison of the relative toxicity of the gas oil and three dispersants (BP1100, BP1100X and Corexit8666) to adult barnacle was also performed. The BP1100 was the most toxic dispersant, while BP1100X was the next most toxic dispersant. The remaining dispersant (Corexit8666) was relatively less toxic to the barnacle tested, while the gas oil was the least toxic.

Gel filtration technique was used to separate 125I-anti CA 15-3 antibody bound to isolated CA 15-3 complex using benign and malignant breast tissue homogenate (as CA 15-3 source) from unbound (Free) 125I-anti CA 15-3 antibody. The characterization of the complexes(125I-anti CA15-3 antibody/ CA15-3) from both benign and malignant breast tumors was carried out through the ultraviolet spectroscopic studies. Factors affecting the absorption properties of the two types of complexes such as pH, solvent polarity, spectrophotometric pH titration, and thermal stability in the presence of different concentrations of sodium chloride have been studied. Spectrophotometric pH titration of the two types of the complexes show that about (41.43%) and (44.29%) of histydyl residues are located on the surface of the two types of protein complexes (benign and malignant) respectively, while (40%) and (50%) of tyrosyl residues are buried interiorly in the complexes of (benign and malignant) respectively.