AL Ghary Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences

There are contrasting scenes in the international positions, between a position that ignores the negative effects of trade globalization and rushes with excessive enthusiasm to integrate into its mechanisms and frameworks, and a rejectionist and rigid position that waits or covers its position with a degree of secrecy that makes it easy to show that there is an imbalance in the two perspectives that is aware and limited to follow-up in the position of a third group that analyzes, monitors and draws practical results of the levels of the relationship with the WTO. There are many questions and concerns regarding the current economic situation and the approach followed in managing the national economy, imbalances in the productive structure of the economy, a high degree of dependence on the outside, and the issue of external indebtedness on the one hand, and on the other hand, the features of the reality of trade in Iraq at the moment of studying and discussing its accession project to the World Trade Organization are:
Iraq is living in a difficult stage at the security, economic, political and social levels, complete submission to the largest dumping of the local market, lack of monitoring and control over the entry of imported resources, ambiguous methods of exporting Iraqi oil, which constitutes (98%) of total exports, and the lack of an accurate statistical database on important technical economic determinants.
Iraq cannot remain isolated from international economic variables, the most important of which is the World Trade Organization (WTO), but we are against unthinking accession and drifting in the current of free trade.

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Environmental pollution has an active and influential role in social life and has received increasing attention at the global level, and environmental issues stem from the excessive use of fossil resources represented by oil and its derivatives, as well as coal and uranium used for energy saving purposes or for various reasons, and economic development depends on fossil energy, which is the direct cause of pollution, and pollution negatively affects the surrounding environment and its components, and even affects the performance of individuals.

Economic development depends on fossil energy, which is the direct cause of pollution, and pollution negatively affects the surrounding environment and its components, and even affects the performance of individuals, so we must point out the impact of excessive use of oil derivatives on the environment and sustainable development.

The poultry industry is one of the major economic factors that achieve huge profits in the field of meat and egg production and because this industry is characterized by the speed of the production cycle of these projects, which is reflected in the agricultural frugality and the rapid development of its potential and production capabilities. Whereas the short period of time for breeding, marketing and production gave this industry importance in the factors of attraction to the owners of agricultural projects and due to its economic and food importance led to limiting the state's interest in encouraging these projects to such projects because they occupy the forefront in the economics of agricultural production and interest in introducing modern technologies in this industry for the purpose of reaching large production in providing concentrated feed and using modern machinery in carrots, cooling, canning and transportation, studying markets and consumer demand and all possibilities and requirements that lead to the further development of these projects. The first chapter deals with the economic importance of poultry projects in Wasit Governorate and the second reviews the development of these projects during the time period from 1993 to 2003. In the second chapter, the study focuses on the possibility of developing the efficiency of the performance of poultry projects in Wasit Governorate to reach advanced production formulas in this industry closer to self-sufficiency through two main topics, the first deals with government support policy and banking facilities for this industry The second research deals with the development of the population in Wasit Governorate for the mentioned study period against the development of poultry projects in the governorate through a statistical mathematical study in finding the possibility of reaching the level of self-sufficiency of poultry meat in Wasit Governorate for the subsequent future period, and the research ends with a set of useful conclusions and recommendations.

All economic authorities have warned of the danger of countries' economies relying on a single resource. Iraq's dependence on the extractive industry has doubled over the past three decades, unlike many oil countries, and capital is one of the most important requirements for economic development, and oil export revenues will remain the main source of financing the development of sectors of Iraq's economy in the foreseeable future in order to reduce dependence on oil, and since the beginning of the third millennium, the world has witnessed a tremendous rise in demand for oil, but Iraq's crude oil exports are currently less than the size of those at the end of the 1970s. Our oil sector, then, still needs an in-depth study

Development plans during the second half of the last century witnessed many failures at the country level and even at the level of the Arab world, which led to their failure to achieve the objectives of policies for economic development in general and agricultural development in particular, which in turn led to the emergence and aggravation of the issue of food deficit, at a time when the challenges of globalization, the ferocity of the market economy, trade liberalization and the use of food as a means of political and economic pressure by industrialized countries producing and exporting essential and basic food commodities intensified. The reason for the inadequacy of agricultural development in Iraq and its apparent inability to achieve food security is its exposure to many crises and obstacles that accompanied the economic development plans from the 1970s to the present time, which led to the infection of economic structures with productive imbalances resulting from the backwardness and low level of economic systems and the failure to follow a clearly defined agricultural policy in addition to the impact of external factors and the challenges they cause, which made the continuation and success of the development process dependent on overcoming these obstacles and challenges, rebuilding and creating new conditions for production and its growth, and adopting agricultural policies for economic development.

The research aims to study the reality of sesame production in Iraq based on time series data for the period 1980-2003, in addition to studying and analyzing the cost structure of sesame production in Wasit Governorate based on field data for a sample of sesame farmers to identify the contribution of variable and fixed costs. The study reached a set of results, the most prominent of which were that most of the production costs were variable, accounting for about 70% of the total costs, and that the annual growth rates were positive for the whole country, while the growth rates were negative at the level of Wasit governorate. The study also came up with a number of recommendations, the most prominent of which was to subsidize production inputs to reduce total costs, which would lead to an increase in farm income and thus expand the cultivation of sesame crop.

The importance of livestock in Iraq is that it constitutes an important part of the national income and provides a larger part of the population's food and is considered a measure of the progress of our country, because the progress of nations in the world today may be measured by the rate of daily per capita consumption of meat and other animal foodstuffs, as it has a strong relationship with the national industry. Many studies issued by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations have indicated that countries, especially the less developed countries, are exposed to malnutrition, especially the decrease in annual per capita consumption in these countries, which indicates that the population of these countries does not obtain a sufficient amount of food rations, especially animal protein, the lack of which is the main obstacle to individual progress, as its lack negatively affects the individual's attitude towards his work, and his low productivity may not be strongly attributed to the scarcity of complementary resources, but to physical and mental inactivity of individuals, and thus their failure to perform work convincingly.

The survival and success of organizations is achieved through the use of their material and human resources in an efficient and effective manner. This research deals with the study of two of these resources, namely transformational leadership and information technology, and measuring their impact on the performance of operations through indicators (cost, quality, flexibility, delivery, and creativity).

For the purpose of achieving the research objectives, a hypothesis scheme was built that defines the nature of the relationship and impact between the research variables, from which two main hypotheses and five sub-hypotheses emerged.

The necessary field information was obtained through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose and distributed to a stratified random sample consisting of (200) individuals working at the General Company for Textile Industries in Babylon.

The research concluded with a number of conclusions and recommendations that can contribute to improving the performance of operations by focusing on the concept of transformational leadership and adopting the use of information technology in the production and administrative processes of the company

Knowledge management is a quantum shift for most business organizations and is thus a type of management style that focuses on the use of distinctive human expertise in business management.

Management engineering or process re-engineering can be considered a new approach in contemporary management thought based on radical change, putting aside the old methods and redesigning the processes carried out by the organization in order to provide a good or service with the specifications and characteristics preferred by customers.

The relationship between them is embodied in the fact that knowledge management invests the data of process re-engineering and applies it directly to gain leadership and achieve competitive superiority by exploiting and improving the capabilities of the organization as well as closing the doors to competitors to exploit these data, and if this relationship is not achieved, the results will be completely opposite

Based on the importance of strategies at all levels and in all fields, whether administrative or economic, and the fact that this term is widely present and used, it is important for us to understand the concept and importance of marketing strategies (market strategy) in our contemporary time. Especially since there are many banks that move without a clear strategy and pursue policies that are not characterized by initiative, especially in a climate full of banking mergers, as without marketing strategies it is difficult for these banks to retain their current customers or obtain new customers.

The researcher studied the interrelationship between the first factor (customer satisfaction) and the second factor (banking marketing strategies).

The researcher selected a group of banks in Wasit governorate where he surveyed a sample of customers in those banks The research was divided into two chapters: The first chapter dealt with the research methodology, where it explained the importance of the research, the research objectives, the research problem, the research population and sample, the research hypothesis and the statistical methods used, and the second chapter dealt with (customer satisfaction) concept and importance, while the third chapter dealt with the banking market strategies

Orthogonal correlation analysis studies the correlations between two sets of random variables, as this analysis is one of the traditional analyses that work under certain assumptions. The violation of these assumptions leads to the performance of traditional methods being inefficient, and among these assumptions is the failure to achieve a normal distribution due to the presence of abnormal values in the data, the failure to fulfill this condition invites us to search for methods that are less sensitive to violations of these assumptions, and this is what is called immune methods. In this research, the Robust Alternative Regression (RAR) method with L and M estimators was used to obtain strong correlation estimates, and simulation was used for the purpose of comparing the strong correlation estimators calculated using the Robust Alternative Regression (RAR) method in which the robust coefficients are estimated by the least squares method with those estimated by the weighted squares method using the Huber and Hample weight functions in order to determine the preference of the estimators by relying on the mean squares error (MSE) criterion to judge the best estimator.

The research represents an attempt to expand the use of robust estimators for the estimation of ED50 in two-response in vivo experiments. For this purpose, M-type estimators (maximum likelihood estimators) were selected for the estimation of ED50, and the comparison between these estimation methods was performed by calculating the variance of ED50 for these estimators and comparing it with the optimal variance of ED50 calculated according to one of the parameterized estimation methods.

The effect of changing the location parameter and the measurement parameter on the variance of the ED50, especially when the shape of the distribution is close to the Heavy Tail Distribution or the Skewed Distribution, where robust estimation methods are more appropriate when violations of the linear model conditions occur.

The research aims to study the reality of the activities of Al-Rasheed Bank during the siege period, and the research sample was selected, which is Al-Rasheed Bank, and the annual reports and balance sheet of the above bank were used to demonstrate this effect for the period 1996-2000, and the research reached conclusions and came up with a set of recommendations.