Kufa Journal of Arts

The fairness of criminal proceedings is one of the most important principles governing the entire criminal proceedings process. The description of fairness, in addition to being related to the stages of a criminal trial, is also discussed in relation to all criminal proceedings and the general process of criminal proceedings, so that all persons in society are in an equal position and with all Be treated the same. In some cases, criminal proceedings are affected by the position and position of the accused, and some stages of criminal proceedings are carried out differently from others under the influence of this factor, although this distinction has differences and causes that are attempted. It is to justify it, but if the distinctions of the past exception and involve a wide range of persons, the fairness of the whole judicial system is questioned. Examining the situation of deviation from fair criminal proceedings affected by the position and position of the accused in Iran, it was found that the realization of a fair trial requires reducing the differential cases in criminal proceedings due to the position and position of individuals. Religion is also more compatible.

Postcolonial theory and critique are trying to demonstrate the cultural, economic , and moral superiority of the European colonial powers and to argue that the economic , political , and cultural dominance of colonialism negates the independent identity and originality of the peoples of Asia and Africa . One aspect of fiction is postcolonial critique . Postcolonial critics try to examine the direct and indirect consequences of colonization in various fields by examining the visible and hidden effects of colonialism. Rabi Jabber's novel "Al-Farash Al-Zarqa" is one of the works that has been able to present to its audience the impact of French colonialism in the land of Lebanon, as well as show how France used its agents in Lebanon in order to exploits the country's labor force by establishing and building Silk and non-silk production factories. Leading research tries to survey some cases of the novel "Al-Farash Al-Zarqa" by studying postcolonial components such as Orientalism, Europeanism, two-way interaction, inferiority and migration, as well as descriptive-analytical methods, and also shows its impact on people's lives and beliefs in this novel. The conclusion of this research is that the component of Orientalism, Europeanism and migration has the highest frequency compared to the other component, which indicates the passivity and inactivity of the Lebanese people against the colonialists.

For the secondary purposes of sentences, there is a meaning beyond the second meaning or figurative concept. In fact, this rhetorical tool of language contains many general concepts that are combined to convey a solid idea and a simple way of the addressee. Examining the rhetorical purposes of the work can be considered the best way to understand the meaning and interpretation of the speaker's words and to interpret his or her overall thought. Qur’anic methods are one of the aspects of the rhetorical aesthetics of the Holy Qur’an, which scholars and interpreters of the Qur’an look at. Abundant patterns in the Holy Quran with special skills and beautiful arts. Among these rhetorical methods, we can mention news, construction and attention. Sometimes these methods deviate from their original meanings and appear in other meanings such as supplication, reprimand, heartbreak, petition, respect, politeness, and .... The first three are from the Qur’an in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on the interpretation of the meanings of the Qur’anic verses.

In this paper, the researcher talks about atonement and its impact in killing of Imamiyya scholars, the researcher first mentioned the concept of atonement linguistically and idiomatically, he mentioned several meanings for disbelief linguistically, such as denial of grace, concealment and others, also he mentioned the idiomatic meaning of the word, which is to deny God, deny the Prophet Mohammad and his message, and others. He talked also about the reasons for atonement and the characteristics of atonement such as vanity, arrogance, anger and others, he talked also about the reasons that lead to atonement without right and discussing these reasons. .

The linguistic meaning is close to the idiomatic meaning of wishing, which is a wish for something to happen, whether it is possible or unattainable, and it is a request for something loved that is not expected to happen. The scholars of Arabic, including grammarians, rhetoricians, and commentators, differed as to the reality of wishful thinking from the actions of the heart or from the words of the tongue? They also differed in the style of wishful thinking, or is it a piece of news that conveys the meaning of ingratitude؟

Submission in the Noble Qur’an has used a source set up in three places denoting submission, submission and obedience, and the commentators have agreed on its significance in two of these three places on submission, submission and obedience; That is because in these two places the significance is clear, the apparent meaning and the intent, and the context reinforces its significance with what there is no room for possibility at all. As for the use of submission in the third position, it is indicative of submission, submission and obedience in a single usage pattern that the Holy Qur’an used, but this indication is not like the previous two indications from where clarity; It cannot be found and trusted unless the researcher carefully examines and contemplates all the details of the internal and current external context related to the circumstances of the speech event

Civil litigation consists of a set of judicial procedures, which aim to settle the dispute and bring down the rule of law on it. Defects . The litigation represents a set of procedures, which constitute the practical or executive part of exercising the right to obtain judicial protection, for the right that has been attacked on the ground, and litigation is complex in terms of its composition, because it is a set of legal acts that are taken before the judiciary and the first of them is the judicial claimThen it continues its procedures one after the other, until it reaches its natural end, by issuing the judgment

John Dewey beheld at the Aristotelian figurative logic with respect and admiration, but he regarded Aristotelian s’ principles as philosophies that link between physics and metaphysics by adopting logical formulas, their priorities are pre-thinking, they were effective in their time, but the evolution of science has imposed a new logical thinking. His logical principles stem from nature itself. Hence, each of the philosophers had their own logic and adopted method, but the difference among them showed up, which in turn led to an alteration in the assumption of their methodology with regard to the theory of truth. The theory based on the validity of the introductions to reach a conclusion and the theory based on the (situation) situation indeterminate and it’s becoming a situation which serve a community, Dewey's truth is beneficial and his logical philosophy instrumenta

The research aims to monitor Quranic media images adopted by the commentators in their analysis of the Quranic discourse, as it was not limited to one area or a specific topic, but rather came to include all aspects of life, and perhaps the media discourse as well, and the graphic foundations and artistic images that exist in the verses of the rulings in addition to the characteristics that the relations and their employment in the service of legal judgment; Therefore, it was characterized by generality, and what gained that generality was the foundations on which that discourse was based and the goals that it was seeking to achieve. Adopted by the commentators in the statement and guidance meanings and connotations.

Tourism is one of the most important sectors that receive wide attention from many countries, especially in recent years. And received a great degree of economic importance because of its great role in the lives of nations and peoples politically, socially and economically . Tourism in Iraq is one of the promising sectors due to its natural, geographical and historical richness, knowing that the availability of tourism resources, despite their importance, is not sufficient alone to establish a successful and sustainable tourism industry, as it is necessary to be aware of the economic importance of tourism as an industry in terms of its positive impact as a source of currencies. foreign and use. This study seeks to assess the performance of the tourism sector in Iraq and to most importantly the problems facing this important sector, and to suggest some general recommendations for a sustainable and developed tourism industry

The research touched on the most prominent thinkers of the Enlightenment era in the field of history, as the thinker had an important role in the history of economics, as he worked on the history of the past and then looked at the Greek and Roman civilizations and gradually in times about the history of economics, as he wanted to refine and discard things that harm society in the economy and try to find windows New economics, including the freedom of the economy as well as getting rid of the phenomenon of slavery, as the thinker had a role in the Renaissance in the field of economic history, as he benefited from his ideas of the French Revolution to advance and for the people to have a role in expressing an opinion in governance and getting rid of the royal era and the removal of Louis XVI from France. Britain also benefited from his experiences in the field of trade and economy because he had experience in the history of the economy and found the positive and negative aspects according to his knowledge and knowledge of the past of Europe. He also visited France and Geneva, which increased his knowledge about Europe, and emphasized the exchange of experiences and ideas among nations, and that his ideas had paved the way For the Industrial Revolution in Europe because he emphasized industry and made it one of the state’s resources beside agriculture and supported it, because he emphasized economic liberation but according to laws and regulations he emphasized in his writing (The Wealth of Nation), he also stressed the rejection of the feudal system, and encouraged society to diversify in business

The work contract is not one of the modern contracts, rather it has been through many ages, but the work contract, like any other contract, needs to be developed and updated, so amendments had to be made to it. The employer, during it, has the right to ensure that the worker has the required skill for the work he is assigned to, and it also allows the worker to make sure that the work meets his expectations and professional ambitions. Proceeds with the contract or amends it. A person, by his nature, does not have experience with all the work that he aims to do, so it is necessary to inform him of it during a certain period, which is characterized by being specific, not exceeding a certain period in order for the worker to be sure of his suitability for the work assigned to him, in addition to the employer’s assurance of the worker’s validity and ability to perform the assigned work. Therefore, placing a person on probation is not limited to the category of workers, but also includes employees who work in state departments, because placing a person on probation has achieved many results, especially in works that require special skills

Features the book Interpretation of the Holy Qur’an for Sadrul-Muta'eleheen has great importance among his books, which the researchers considered as an extension of his philosophical books, and this importance made the researchers look at it with the look of research and investigation, and the research found that there is a difference between them in authoring this book in that it is composed in a selective way Or in a sequential manner, according to the sequence of the Holy Qur’an. This study revealed the validity of these two theories according to the evidence provided by these researchers and found that the interpretation of Sadrul-Muta'eleheen consists of two selective interpretations that he composed over a specific period of time and then began with a comprehensive and large sequential interpretation according to the sequence of Qur’anic verses, but he did not complete it due to his short life according to the research.

The chambers of commerce are among the important economic institutions in the history of the state’s life. They clearly delineate the economic features of the trade movement in the country. They are also the delicate financial system through which knowledge of the financial size of money changers and economic affairs. The beginnings of the establishment of the chambers of commerce in Baghdad were We touched on the work of the Baghdad Chamber of Commerce during successive periods, during the period (1935-1936) and the creation of the so-called (stock exchange) through which merchants and money changers gathered for the purpose of speculation and trade-offs, which was markedly reflected on the reality of the Baghdad Chamber of Commerce work, The permanent subcommittees of the Chamber of Commerce have identified their own businesses, and the degrees occupied by the Chairman and members of the Administrative Board of the Chamber of Commerce have been known, in addition to that knowledge of the financial considerations of each participant and the grades.In addition,we dealt in this research conditions of Iraq during the period ١٩٥١،ـــــ 1948and the measures taken by the Iraqi government to confront the economic challenges

The current era is witnessing a wide spread of various epidemics and diseases and the accompanying injuries that may be dangerous among members of society, not to mention the deaths that may occur among its ranks, so it has become necessary for the various media to take their role in introducing the deadly dangers of these epidemics to people's lives, and from Among them is the audio radio, which is one of the media that has an impact on the development of society, educating its members and raising their awareness in various fields, including health or medical, so that it is considered one of the effective inputs in changing the habits of society towards healthy behavior. The researcher took a number of steps with regard to the field side of them;. During the course of his research, the researcher reached several conclusions that he drew from a set of results, the most important of which is that the program directed its messages to in the current health situation in light of the spread of many epidemics and diseases, especially the Corona pandemic. In this research, we try to address the contents of the health radio programs on Sawt Al Mujahideen Radio, specifically the (Medical Consultant) program, to clarify what it included of paragraphs and themes, and what was achieved from the content of the programs that help guide the public and gain awareness and health education

Purpose: The current research seeks to analyze and explore the nature of the relationship between altruistic behavior and job neglect. Design: The research problem is the limited interest in altruistic behaviors between superiors and subordinates in organizations and its impact on the functional work environment through the important role of these behaviors in reducing job neglect. of employees and at various functional levels at Jaber Ibn Hayyan Medical University. Society: The research community represented all employees of Jaber Ibn Hayyan Medical University and their number is 245. The researcher distributed, using the random sampling method, (130) questionnaires, from which (115) questionnaires were retrieved at a rate of (88%) of the distributed forms, all of which are valid for statistical analysis. Tools: The researcher obtained data and information mainly through a questionnaire, and then conducted a number of statistical tests using the (Spss v.23) program. Conclusions and Recommendations: Focusing altruistic behavior on the cohesion, well-being and progress of the functional society, as the organization in which individuals who are distinguished by altruism abound, the relationships and interactions between its members tend to be on the basis of love and sympathy, so peace prevails, and everyone feels satisfied and interacts better with each other in the organization under study. And one of the most important recommendations is that the organization in question works to encourage positive ethical behavior and adherence to ethical principles and to stay away from negative behaviors that create a state of neglect among workers, since altruistic behavior is considered the curriculum for those who want success and excellence, and it is a supportive approach to effective senior management and is an important element for career success in the long run. the long.

The present paper attempts to scrutinize the pragmastylistic facets in Charles Dickens’s short story “Seven Dials” as an impressionistic sketch. It endeavours to identify the syntactic constructions and their related pragmatic features in addition to their significance in disclosing the writer’s intents. The study proposes that there is a relationship between the syntactic-pragmatic structures of the story and the targeted message of the writer. In order for this proposition to be validated, stylistics, pragmatics and pragmastylistics are briefly introduced. Then, the short sketch is analysed pragmastylistically in accordance with Leech and Short (2007), Quirk et al. (1985) and Searle (1979) models. Accordingly, the syntactic constructions and the illocutionary formulations of the sketch are investigated in detail arriving at the hypothesis that the writer has achieved his intended theme via his prevalent use of an assertive-complex structures in his story

Most of researches about Quran language and linguistic are related to semantic meaning and analysis of the Text of Quran. Recently many linguists tried to put Quran details into practice with a new approach and for substantiation of this matter they used Michael Halliday functional approach. In his functional approach he used marginal adjunct and detailed information as a third element of three Metafunctional idealities. And by using this element and marginal adjunct exact information’s about the text are achieved. This element could help us to remove all the ambiguities and opacity of the text. Current research tries to analyze Haj and Mu'minūn Surah’s as a representatives of Makki and Madani surah’s. After the extraction of marginal adjunct of both surah’s it reveals that cause adjuncts and goal subdivisions of reason and beneficiary has a most frequency among other adjuncts. In Haj, Madani surah’s its more noticeable than Mu'minūn surah. And the reason is that God as a creator has a specific attention to origins and cause of things and invited His entire addressee to pay attention to all these phenomena. After the cause adjuncts most frequency goes to state adjunct. Because one of the goals of both surah’s is Resurrection and God tries to share the state of that great event to human beings. After these two adjuncts, the situation and possibility adjuncts come to the list. In both surahs there is no sign of subject and function and sodality

The present study investigates the claim whether or not Shiite's viewpoint is influenced by Mu'tazila on one of the issues of prophecy called the infallibility of the prophets. We hypothesize that there are some differences and, at the same time, some common views between them; in some parts, however, Shiite's view is independent of that of the Mu'tazila. Thus, the issue under investigation is initially examined from the viewpoint of the Shiite commentators, consisting of Shaykh Tabarsi, Abu al-Futuh al-Razi, and Fayz Kashani, and then investigated from the viewpoint of the Mu'tazila. The brief conclusion is as follows: unlike the Mu'tazilites, Imamiyah mutakallims (scholars of Kalam), consisting of Tabarsi, Abu al-Futuh, and Fayz, believe that the prophets (Peace Be Upon Them) were innocent of any minor and major sins - neither intentional nor unintentional. According to this view, the prophets neither committed any sins, nor did they omit any obligatory acts since this is indecent and hated and whatever is indecent is away from them and does not comply with the object and purpose of Allah by the revelation of prophets. On the other hand, Mu'tazilites argue that although prophets, neither intentionally nor unintentionally, did not commit major sins, they might unintentionally commit minor sins, and this does not contradict the status of prophecy and their mission .

This study is mainly concerned with the Devil in Islamic heritage and the argument of its original creation and its influence on human being behavior. In Islamic thought, the power of evil is represented by Satan (الشیطان)or Devil which is the enemy of humanity. Devils disobeyed Allah to prostrate to Adam because they believed that they were superior to Adam and other angels. Theologians said that Devils have the ability to deceive non-theists by whispering in their ears for doing sins. In popular tradition, the devils instill the propensity to sin into humans at birth according to Christianity

This study is an attempt to identify the English loanwords in Iraqi Arabic. English is an international language, and due to the political, economic, technological, and media supremacy of the UK and the US during the 20th and the 21st centuries, English has a distinctive role in many languages, including the Iraqi Arabic, especially after the American invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the internet revolution. Thus, the study aims to identify and collect academically sufficient numbers of these borrowed linguistic items to approach their borrowing from a sociolinguistic and semantic point of view. The collected data is classified based on their relation to certain groups and communities of Iraqi Arabic natives. Furthermore, the study provides explanations of the words' meanings after assimilation, which aids the study of the semantic transformations during the adaptation of the English loanwords' into Iraqi Arabic.

Referring to the fundamentals, once being threatened by alien factors is a usual and normal reaction of any human society. In Islamic world, such a reaction has happened for any alien invasion to the territories. Did all Islamic movements refer to their fundamentals in a same way (Question)? This paper has assumed that Islamic movements, especially the contemporary ones, have taken “refer” concept into consideration from two prospects, Reactive and Innovative, which Salafism is the representative of the first and Political Islam represents the second (hypothesis). Focusing on “referring to the first days”, “opposing with interpretation of Devine text”, “externalism”, “cropping the history”, Salafism has referred to fundamentals reactively, whereas; Political Islam has referred innovatively to the fundamentals by considering factors such as “emphasizing on interpretation of Devin text”, “referring to others”, ‘referring to ordinary life.”

This article addresses perspectivization and manipulation of the online news platforms. It focuses on how COVID-19 related online news articles (ONAs) were instrumentally conditioned and linguistically perspectivized, resorting to variable strategies of self-(re)presentation and Information Sourcing/Accrediting. The research objective is to study the cognitive mechanisms and communicative strategies inherent in manipulative verbalization in Arab ONA discourse during the crisis during the COVID-19 global pandemic. The study offers a cognitive semantic analysis of the pragmatic network of strategies of the media discourse and perspectivization regulatory system. The data analyses led to the conclusion that with the strategically objectivized and subjectivized perspective during the process of communication, the author of ONA messages intentionally organizes the texts in such a way to leave an impact on the addressees. They have shown that mass media ONA websites have offered a massive amount of information yet may manipulate their perception of the pandemic

Health is a state of wellbeing or lack of sickness, and is in fact a human privilege, because illness and disability creates obstacles on the path of doing certain things. The concept of health has great importance in Islamic practices. The present study seeks Quranic solutions that ensure mental health and security. Also, this is a theoretical research done by a descriptive-analytical method and an interdisciplinary research for the development of humanities. In general, the Holy Quran divides human health into two categories: physical and mental. It introduces four general strategies in order to promote mental health: “1. Insight strategies: Strong faith, submission to God, resurrection, understanding God's sustenance, etc. 2. Temperament strategies: familiarity with the Quran, prayer, supplication, gratitude, etc. 3. Motivational strategies: hope, purposefulness, confidence, positive thinking, etc. 4. Action strategies: benevolence, charity, forgiveness, enjoining the good and forbidding the evil, etc. As a result, the Holy Quran introduces these strategies to ensure mental security and mental health, which are directly related to one another.

bstract Case is an important concept in linguistics. It is an elusive concept that creates a network of relations among morphology, grammar and meaning. The notion of case has attracted the attention of linguists to the extent that some grammatical frameworks consider it a central one . Case assignment has received considerable attention in generative grammar. Arabic is one of the languages that studied extensively from the generative perspective. However, these studies lack unification and, consequently, arguing for specific treatment to case assignment in Arabic. These treatments have, to certain extent, conflicting results. Thus, the present study aims at viewing case assignment from a different perspective, arguing that the structural- functional of RRG can provide a unified description and explanation than the generative one. Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) (Van Valin, 1993, 2005, 2008; Van Valin & LaPolla, 1997) is a monostratal and non-derivational theory which posits a direct linking between syntactic and semantic representation of a sentence. RRG has a unique conception of case. Firstly, case assignment is not based on grammatical relations. Secondly, it is not assigned according to phrase structure rules. Thirdly, it may directly reflect the semantic or pragmatic status of an argument. This study shows that case assignment cannot be handled easily by the mechanisms of generative grammar. Advocates of this approach posed complex relations and abstract systems to explain how case is assigned. On the other hand, the RRG approach accounts for case assignment by adopting an independent relation between NP and case mediated by the actor-undergoer hierarchy .