Thi-Qar Medical Journal

The aim of our study to investigate the susceptibility of melanoma to UVB-irradiation: by
examine the expression of hMLh1,hMSH2,BRCA1 and P53 proteins. In our work, we
cultured three human melanoma cell lines (Colo38,SK-MEL28 and SK-MEL93, ) in college
of medicine university of magna-Gracia-Italy. We first, examined the expression of BRCA1,
hMSH2, hMLH1 and p53 proteins by Western Blot analysis in Colo38, SK-MEL93 and SK
MEL28 cell lines. After that the cells were exposed to UV-B (10mJ/cm2)for different point
time(1/2,1,3,6,9,12,and 24h). Cells at 0hr were a non-irradiation control. After exposure the
expression of MLH1,MSH2,BRCA1 and p53 proteins were assessed by western Blot
analysis. We found that the expression of BRCA1,hMSH2 and P53 proteins were increased
at 3h after UV-B-irradiation in SK-MEL93 cells line, while, the same amount of the
expression proteins in the Colo38 and SK-MEL28 cell lines were obtained . Moreover; our
data detected an equal amounts of hMLH1protein in three cell lines, were involved in this
study..

Neonatal sepsis remains a major problem in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care
units, with high morbidity and mortality rates despite advances in antimicrobial therapy and
supportive cares, especially in developing countries. The lipid peroxidation, as a result of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, play a significant role in pathogenesis of multiple
organ failure and septic shock associated with neonatal sepsis which contribute to high
morbidity and mortality of neonatal sepsis. This a prospective study carried out to measure
the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a marker of lipid peroxidation in neonates with
sepsis who were admitted to the neonatal care unit at Bint-Al-Huda Maternity and Children
Teaching Hospital, Thi-Qar governorate, Iraq from first of April 2010 till the end of August
2011. One-hundred eight septic newborns and sixty matched healthy neonates (thirty were
full term and thirty were preterm) as control group were studied. Sepsis was confirmed by
clinical manifestations and blood culture. Fifty two (48%) of septic newborns were full term
and fifty six (52%) were preterm. The most common microorganism isolated from septic
newborns was gram negative bacteria especially Klebsiella pp. The MDA levels were
extremely higher in both full term and preterm neonates with documented sepsis than that in
their corresponding controls (P-value < 0.001). These results suggest that newborn infants
have insufficient defense mechanisms against free radicals. Both enzymatic and non
enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms in neonates with sepsis and usage of antioxidants drugs
and vitamins in the management of neonatal sepsis need further evaluation.

A descriptive cross sectional epidemiological study including 1463 pregnant women in
Nasseriyah center of Thi-qar governorate extended from the 1st week of January 2009 till
the last week of December 2010was under taken to estimate the extent of high risky
pregnancy among antennal care attendants and to relate risk factors with selected socio
demographic characters. The study covered pregnant women attending 6 primary health care
centers randomly selected from a list containing all the health centers in the city at. A
systematic sample of record- based was used selecting every 5th recorded women with a
random starting point. Anaemia, abortion, Cesarean section, hypertension, birth interval less
than 2 years were the most prevalent risk factors among pregnant women attending health
care centers. There was a strong positive association between socio-demographic characters
of pregnant women with the risk factors. High prevalence of risk factors in this study than the
other comparative studies. More health education, bettering of recording systems, more
attention for the at risk pregnancy were the recommendations of the study.

Background : Subclinical hypothyroidism is highly prevalent in the general populations
especially in elderly, however ,the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in persons with
chronic kidney disease is not well studied .
Design : Cross sectional data from ( 245 ) persons , 110 persons of them considered as a
control group and other persons (135 )with chronic kidney disease , all of them were
collected from ( 1-9-2010 to 1-7-2011 ) in Al– Hussein teaching hospital ( out patient and
inpatient ). All patients and control group were routinely referred for thyroid function tests ,
renal function test ( in form of plasma creatinine) and estimation of glomerular filtration rate
( GFR ). Multivariable logistic study was used to evaluate the independent association
between prevalent subclinical hypothyroidism and estimated GFR .
Results : Among ( 245 ) adult participants with serum creatinine , GFR and thyroid
function test results , the mean age for both groups were ( 58 ± 4 ) year , 148 male while 97
of those were female. The prevelance of subclinical hypothyroidism increased specially with
lower GFR ( inunit of ml / min. / 1.73 m2 ) , occurring in 7.5 % of subject with GFR (60– 90 ml /min.) while those patients with GFR less than ( 60 ml / min.) the prevalence were
increased to 16.5 % ( P < 0.001 ). The control group were 110 persons , only 3 participant
with subclinincal hypothyroidism ( 2 % ). A significant difference when we compared patient
with chronic kidney disease and control group ( P < 0.001 ).

Background: Appendectomy for presumed acute appendicitis is the most common surgical
emergency during pregnancy, acute appendicitis occurs at the same rate in pregnant and
non pregnant women, but pregnant women have a higher rate of perforation.
Patients &methods: This prospective study done 42 pregnant women between age 20 to
41 years all of them were complained from signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis
arrived ER of Al Hussain teaching hospital in AL Nassyria during period 2010 either
came directly or referred from gynecologist ,they underwent
appendectomy early after
diagnosis .
Results: Most of patients succeeded pregnancy 38 patients (90.4%) { in spite of 3 patient
(7%) have threatened abortion anther 3 patients have preterm uterine contraction but they
continue of pregnancy successively},only 4 patient (9.5%) end with abortion.Most of
women [21patients (50%)] complained from acute appendicitis during second trimester
.Most of patients who did not delay operation till 48 hours can pass pregnancy successfly
with some problems , while who delayed more liable to abortion [4 of 10 patient (40%)] .
Aim: reduce fetal loss after appendectomy during pregnancy. Conclusion: we advices early
operation in pregnancy with out delay, no place for conservative management in acute
appendicitis .

Background: diabetes markedly increases the incidence of macrovascular complications.
For example, the observed 2- to 3-fold greater risk of myocardial infarction with diabetes rises
to 8-fold in the presence of hypertension and to nearly 20-fold if both hypertension and
dyslipidemia are present; smoking increases these risks even further. As a result, the diagnosis
of diabetes mellitus should quickly prompt both an exhaustive search for coexisting
cardiovascular risk factors and the initiation of aggressive preventive measures.
Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the initial benefit of good glycemic
control in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus related dyslipidemia .
Patients and methods: Fasting blood sugar, random blood sugar and lipid profile among
150 patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus who were regularly attending diabetes and internal
medicine clinic in An Nasiriyah General hospital were measured and observed for the period
of the study .
Results: We found that the level of serum cholesterol especially LDL was significantly low
in those with good glycemic control in comparison with those with poorly controlled DM .
This reduction in serum cholesterol and LDL would be expected to reduce the risk of
atherosclerosis and ischemic heart diseases.

Cataract extraction in diabetic patients is commonly indicated, both for visual rehabilitation
and for improved visualization of the fundus. Unfortunately the visual prognosis for diabetic
patients undergoing cataract surgery is guarded, mainly because of the risk for worsening
retinopathy levels and exacerbation of macular edema.
The Aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal Triamcinolone acetonide
injected during cataract surgery in the prophylaxis and management of postoperative macular
edema following uneventful cataract surgery in diabetics.
The study included 2 groups, Group A included 15 patients divided into 2 subgroups 1)
Diabetic patients without any excising macular oedema., 2)-Diabetic patients with pre
existing macular edema. Patients in Group A were subjected to phacoemulsification with
Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.
Subjects and methods: Group B included 15 diabetic patients with or without
preoperatively existing macular edema including patients with previous macular laser
treatment with visually significant cataract. Patients were subjected to Phacoemulsification
with PCIOL implantation and Intravitreal triamcinolone injection (dose of 8 mg in 0.2 ml will
be injected slowly through the inferior pars plana).
Results: The results of this study showed that phacoemulsification with intravitreal TA in
patients with CSME appears to be a safe intervention to avoid the postoperative exacerbation
of the edema in patients with dense cataract precluding macular laser treatment. TA may serve
as mean to control postoperative inflammation and prevent exacerbation of the macular
edema. Postoperative laser treatment may be needed in some cases to augment the effect of
intravitreal TA.

Background: Bladder cancer is third most common malignant tumors in both men and
women in Iraq. Transitional cell carcinoma ( TCC) account for > 90% of bladder cancer.
Survivin, family member of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) that play important role in both cell
division and inhibit of apoptosis, Survivin express in vast majority of human cancer but not in
normal adult tissues.
Objective: to evaluate the possible role of Survivin in patient of transitional cell carcinoma
of bladder.
Materials and methods: formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue from (45) patients with
transitional cell carcinoma of bladder from Al-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital in Baghdad were
included in this study. In addition, (16) apparently normal bladder biopsies were as a control
groups.
Tissue
blocks
Immunohistochemistry(IHC).
were sectioned for detection of Survivin by
Results: Survivin was not expressed in normal bladder urothelium, and it was over expressed
in 71.1% (32/45) of TCC patients (p=0.001) . Overexpression of survivin was associated with
tumor grade (p=0.029), although there was no significant association (p=731), but there was
different in reading between Survivin expression and muscle invasion.
Conclusion: Survivin is highly expression in TCC in compared with normal urothelium, and
play key roles in survival of neoplastic cells by negative regulating apoptosis, and its
correlated with poor prognosis in cancer.

The present study has aimed the hydatid disease , which is endemic in Iraq especially in
Basrah city . Fatty acids compound (Nonadecoic acid ; Phthalic acid, diflorophenyl undecyl
ster and 1,2- Benzendicarboxylic acid , bis (2-ethylhexyl ) ester ) extracted from Cladophora
crispata and Hapalosihon have used and compared with albendazole . The results of the
present study have found that compounds have activity against the protoscolices of hydatid
cyst similar to the activity of albendazole and in low concentration .

We studied the influence of pathogenic bacteria grazing by bactreiovorous nanoflagellates in
a bacterial model community under defined experimental conditions to obtain further insights
to understand the ability of using these species as biological control approach against
pathogenic bacteria polluted fresh water. By another word, to investigate the ability of genera
of (Bodo saltans) bacteriovorous nanoflagellates to graze allochthonous pathogenic, diarrhea
causing bacteria strain (Escherichia coli O157:H7) in Tigris River. The investigation was
done by monitoring and quantifying the removal (clearance rate) of artificially concentrated
bacteria from experimental river water ecosystem at eight selected time points. Our result
indicated that pathogenic bacteria consuming as food was greatly sustain the studied
nanoflagellate life. Bodo saltans grazing rates of different enteric bacteria species
combinations (E. coli + Salmonella typhi) or (E. coli + Shigella flexneri) in mixed culture
suggested that Bodo saltans flagellate do have differential feeding behavior among different
species of Enterobacteriaceae family. Key words: nanoflagellate, bactreiovory, Bodo saltans

This study was designed to investigate of antibacterial activity of many chemical compounds
includes : 4 % imidazole, 2 % imidazole, 1% imidazole , 2.5% sodium citrate, 5% sodium
citrate, 5% sodium acetate,2.5% acetic acid, 5% acetic acid, 5% citric acid, 5% magnesium
chloride (MgCl2.6H2O2), 5% magnesium sulphate (MgSo4), 5% sodium carbonate (Na2Co3),
5% potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), 5% potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and 5% sodium
hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3 ) have been carried out against (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa , Klebsiella oxytoca , Proteus mirablis and Serratia liquefaciens ) that diagnosed
by API 20 E technique and Staphylococcus aureus , Pathogenic fungal strains (Aspergillus
niger, A. flavus, A. fumagatus, Fusarium sp. and Candida albicans ). The results showed 4 %
imidazole, 2 % imidazole, 1% imidazole, sodium acetate , 2.5% acetic acid, 5% acetic acid,
5% citric acid , 5% Na2CO3, K2Cr2O7 have different antibacterial activity according to types
of bacteria, whereas 4 % imidazole, 2 % imidazole , 2.5% acetic acid, 5% acetic acid and 5%
Na2Co3 only have antifungal activity, and showed compounds: 4 % imidazole & K2Cr2O7
have antimicrobial activity more than standard positive control antibiotic.

Objectives: assess the QOL of thalassemia school age children and relation ship with some
variables.
Methodology: Non- probability (purposive) sample of (40) patient school age children
with thalassemia hospitalized for management were selected .The questionnaire format
designed for the purpose of the study, two instrument were used include : sample
demographic characteristics QOL domain of thalassemia school children . Data were
analyzed by using frequencies, percentage. and multi-regression analysis
Results: The result of the study indicated that the majority of the sample was the age group
(9-11) and (6-8) and 75% of the subject of the study have (1-2) affected brothers .
Regarding the age of onset shows that the majority of thalassemia have the disease between
the (6-10) month of there life ,57.5% of the patient suffer from thalassemia major and 67.5%
had family history. Over half (72.5%) of patient feel tired when he or she gait due to sign and
symptom of there disease , majority of the sample 87.5% depended on blood transfusion and
85% of thalassemia patient need to desferal. While the majority of the patient 85% feel bad
because can't do what their friend doing and 70% of patient felt comfort from other supported
(nurse, doctor) emotional and psychologically in the center and provide what they need.
Recommendation: The study recommend further studies should consider more generic
measure of psychological and social functioning related QOL. In addition need for
Educational program for those patients should be designed to help them live a better life with
hemophilia disease , the patients emphasize the importance of how to cope with their
problems for a good QOL.

Simple accurate, non distractive and quick method of detreming the concentration of carboxy
hemoglobin (COHb) in blood has been develop from mathematical model. The method uses
two chosen wave length by any spectrophotometer and measure the optical density with other
parameter derived from the mathematical model.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to highlights any changes in the clinical and
epidemiological aspects of malignant renal tumors in Iraq in the last ten years.
Methods: 86 patients included in this study , 30 patients in Tikrit center and 56 of them in
Basra center, All have renal tumors and radical nephrectomy done for them.
Results: The highest incidence is in age group 40-60 years old with younger age group in
Basra. The commonest presenting symptom is haematuria and cigarette smoking is the major
risk factor.
Discussion: The male: female ratio is 1.3:1 in Iraq this may give better prognosis. Regarding
age of the patients younger age in Basra and that might be attributed to higher exposure to
radiation. The smoking increased the incidence of Renal Cell Carcinoma .We have in Iraq
higher incidence (40%) of Renal Cell Carcinoma in comparism to European countries and
this, unfortunately, may have poorer prognosis. The incidental finding of Renal Tumors
(19%) in this study in comparism to 50% in European countries, this percent can affect the
prognosis and can be improved by improving the health care system and population health
education.We have higher incidence of big tumors (10-15 cm) in comparism with other
studies and also may affect the prognosis.

Objective:
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of storage on the activities of the enzymes
creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH).For this purpose we measured the
levels of CK and LDH activities in the blood and serum samples ,stored at 4C° ,during 0
time, and 24 hour.
Method:
Total of 51 subjects (32 males and 19 females),mean age was 20 years (range:18-22years)
were selected for the study. They were non-smoker, apparently ,healthy persons, their weights
within normal range, and they had no family history of diseases and no drug had been taken in
last week. Blood samples were collected after an average fasting for 12 hours, and the level
of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were determined
immediately (i.e the zero time) and then later after 24 hours .All samples were stored at 4C°.
Results:
In serum sample and during 24 hours of storage ,at 4C° the levels of the CK and LDH
enzymes approximately remained constant. In plasma, analysis was made immediately after
blood collection and after 24 hours . ASignificant increased in the levels of CK and LDH
enzymes activities .
Conclusion:
Based on these results, we can conclude that a contact between blood cells and plasma stored
at 4C° for an overnight ,my produce changes in the activities of CK and LDH enzymes.

The diagnosis of pregnancy require a multi factorial approach using three main diagnostic
test, these are: clinical , laboratory & ultrasound examination. There is no single test
currently available which immediately differentiate continuing from non continuing intra
uterine or tubal pregnancy(1).
Aimof the study
To assess the use of single serum progesterone measurement in early pregnancy and its
relation to the 1st trimester fetal viability.
Patients and methods
Aprospective study conducted in Basrah maternity and child hospital to assess and predict 1st
trimester fetal viability using a single serum progesterone measurement for women who
attend the hospital either as their 1st antenatal booking or hospitalization for vaginal bleeding
or abdominal pain whom were followed for the end of 13th week of gestation and
progesterone levels were compared to the fetal viability using ultrasound examination and
results were analyzed statistically.
Result
The study group enrolled 78 pregnancies, 44 pregnancies had continue viable till 13th week of
pregnancy and 34 ended with spontaneous abortion. Serum progesterone level was 5.7+
in continuing pregnancy and 6.7+
4.8 in spontaneous abortion.
The difference progesterone level was highly significant (p value<0.0001).
Conclusion
10.9
Serum progesterone measurement is a reliable biochemical test in establishing the diagnosis
of early pregnancy failure and a predictive test for pregnancy continuation.