Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

Background: The endocrine system is an essential feature of the pituitary gland, which controls various hormonal activities. Disturbances in development-associated thyroid and growth hormones may lead to significant alterations in development of the body weight, length and mass index (BMI), abdomen circumference and tail length, as well as the plasma lipid profile, thus changing of body physiology.
Materials and Methods: This research employed fifty immature male rats which were separated into control, GH deficiency (GHD), GH supplementation, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism groups. The rats underwent hormonal treatments over 21 days during which time changes in the pituitary gland physiology by developmental and plasma lipid profile changes.
Results: Body development Control Group has been growing in length throughout the 10 weeks. The highest length growth was observed with GH Addition and the lowest with GH Deficiency . Hence, the Hypothyroid Group grew substantially less in length compared to the Control. In contrast, the Hyperthyroid Group showed minimal deviation or even paralleled to the Control Group. In lipid profile, in growth hormone deficiency group the average of cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL level were decreased, while the average of HDL level were increased.
Conclusion: This work reveals more about the important influences of thyroid and growth hormone disruptions on pituitary gland physiology and rat health, highlighting the organ’s flexibility and essential controlling function in childhood.

The current study aimed to investigate the impact of adding an alcoholic extract of Eruca sativa seeds and lead acetate to drinking water on some biochemical blood parameters and liver histological changes of broiler chickens. A total of 144 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks, with an initial weight of 40 grams, were randomly distributed into four treatments (each treatment included 36 birds) with three replicates for each (12 birds per replicate). The first treatment was the control group (without any addition); the second treatment added 350 mg of lead acetate per liter of drinking water; the third treatment added 250 mg of the alcoholic extract of Eruca sativa seeds per liter of drinking water, and the fourth treatment added 350 mg of lead acetate and 250 mg of the alcoholic extract of Eruca sativa seeds per liter of drinking water. The results indicated a significant increase (p≤ 0.05) in the total protein and globulin concentration in the third treatment. In contrast, a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in the total protein and globulin concentration was observed in the second treatment compared to the other treatments. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly (p≤ 0.05) increased in the second treatment compared to other treatments. A significantly higher (p≤ 0.05) amount of lead concentration was found in the blood serum, breast muscle, liver, and feces of second treatment. On the other hand, these parameters were significantly (p≤ 0.05) decreased in the third treatment compared to the others.

lupus is an autoimmune disease that occurs in animals and humans, characterized by producing autoimmune antibodies against its cells proteins. The present study investigates the tissues changes of the liver in BALB/c mice with lupus and investigation the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MCSs) for treatment of the tissues pathological changes. The study included forty BALB/c mice, the animals divided into equally four groups. G1 included mice with lupus. G2 included mice with lupus, then treated by BM-MCSs. G3 are administered BM-MCSs alone. G4 administrated PBS. After ending the treatment periods, all the animals were sacrificed. The liver was placed in buffer formalin 10% and sent to the histopathology laboratory to determine the histopathological changes in all study groups. The histopathological changes of G1 are liver severe necrosis with atrophy, hydropic lever cells, very wide sinusoids, severe hemorrhage, and engorged central vein. G2 showed normal lever cells with slight necrosis. G3 and G4 showed normal architecture of the liver tissue. Lupus causes histopathological changes in the mice's liver; MSC can ameliorate and treat the liver's histopathological changes in BLAB/c mice with lupus.

Tartrazine is artificial colorant used in food, drug and cosmetic industries in addition to its many benefits through color, but as an artificial dye, it may cause many health problems for humans and animals. Current study was planned to demonstrate suspected effect of tartrazine on small intestines, in addition to obvious the properties of olive oil in reducing biochemical effects and histopathological changes on small intestines. The biochemical results showed (ALT, AST and ALP) significant increase (P <0.001) in tartrazine second group when compare with control group. Third group, the liver enzyme which mention above showed result better than the second tartrazine group but also these parameters were less than control group, (P <0.001). The histopathological results showed the control group showed normal histological appearance of intestinal structures. The second group which treated with tartrazine for 21 days, the intestine showed desquamation of mucosa and submucosa layers, distribution of goblet cells and hemorrhage. The third group which treated with olive oil and tartrazine show relatively normal histological appearance of intestine. This study agreed with many studies about the presence of a harmful effect of tartrazine, in addition to the presence of many benefits of olive oil, according to other studies

the aim of studying the effect of the Cordyceps militaris supplement in the feed on the growth performance of Japanese quail. This study used 180 unsexed Japanese quail chicks, one day old and with an initial weight of 10.3 - 8.8 grams. They were randomly distributed into 4 treatments. Each treatment had three replicates, and each replicate had 15 chicks in cages containing a battery. The current study included experimental period from (1-42) days for the chicks. The transactions were as follows: T1: Control treatment (without any addition), T2: Treatment of adding Cordyceps militaris 1 mg/kg feed, T3: Treatment of adding Cordyceps militaris 2 mg/kg feed.T4: Treatment of adding Cordyceps militaris 4 mg/kg feed. Production characteristics were measured, such as average weekly live body weight and average weekly feed consumption. The weekly and cumulative weight gain rate and the weekly and cumulative food conversion factor. The results of this study showed the following: The highest significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was obtained for adding the Cordyceps militaris fungus 4 mg/kg feed in the average weekly live body weight, the cumulative weight gain rates, rate of cumulative feed consumption &The rate of feed conversion factor recorded a significant improvement of Japanese quail compared to the other treatments and the control group that recorded the lowest levels in this trait

This project was conducted in Health and Medical Technical College's laboratories of Al-Forat Al-Awsat Technical University in 2021. The study was dealt 370 oocytes collected from 19 three years old cows by using dissecting process. The gathered oocytes were transferred hastily to a test tubes contains m-PBS prelude for incubation by modified in vitro technique 2000, which supplemented with 5% Co2 gas state for 26 hour at 37oc. The gained consequences led to 20% maturation occurred for the second metaphase after applying m-PBS and staining with orcein stain. Statistics supports our hypothesis. The outcomes for this study is that incubation of B. indicus oocytes in vitro by modified technique 2000 with using m-PBS culture media will established a success and promising in maturation rates.
This project was conducted in Health and Medical Technical College's laboratories of Al-Forat Al-Awsat Technical University in 2021. The study was dealt 370 oocytes collected from 19 three years old cows by using dissecting process. The gathered oocytes were transferred hastily to a test tubes contains m-PBS prelude for incubation by modified in vitro technique 2000, which supplemented with 5% Co2 gas state for 26 hour at 37oc. The gained consequences led to 20% maturation occurred for the second metaphase after applying m-PBS and staining with orcein stain. Statistics supports our hypothesis. The outcomes for this study is that incubation of B. indicus oocytes in vitro by modified technique 2000 with using m-PBS culture media will established a success and promising in maturation rates.

Dried clove powder (Eugenia caryophyllata) was purchased from a local traditional market, while Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was sourced from natural farming. Water extracts of both cloves and Alfalfa powder were obtained using a Soxhlet apparatus, and the extracts were then freeze-dried. These extracts were utilised as natural antioxidants. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were purchased from a local market and transported alive to the laboratory. After chilling for 24 hours, fish fillets were removed from the refrigerator and cut into uniform pieces (3×3×3 cm). These pieces were randomly assigned to four treatments for each additive. Fish samples were immersed in 100 ml of antioxidant solution at concentrations of 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of clove, Iranian alfalfa, and local alfalfa extract solutions, respectively, and left at room temperature for one hour. The control treatment (T1) without any supplements showed significantly higher levels of lipid oxidation and pH compared to the other treatments. The addition of 2% clove significantly affected moisture%, showing the lowest value, while significantly increasing water holding capacity%. The cooking loss percentage was significantly higher in the control and Iranian alfalfa treatments compared to the other treatments. The control treatment also showed significantly higher Mb (myoglobin) and Met-Mb% (metmyoglobin) compared to the other treatments. There were no significant differences (p<0.01) observed in terms of flavour, tenderness, or overall acceptability. Iranian Alfalfa and the control treatment were significantly higher (p<0.01) in fish meat colour.

The study focused on the preservation of economically important common carp Cyprinus carpio L. by Glazing and evaluated the characteristics and properties changes in nutritional composition during fresh and frozen flesh at (–18± 2) °C compared to fresh fish (before treatment in glazing solutions). Fish samples were subjected to four treatments, including treatment control (non-treatment), immersion in drinking water, 5% table salt solution, and 5% white vinegar solution T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively, measurement of their quality as well as suitability for human consumption, for three months 30, 60, and 90 days. The results of the statistical analysis showed at a probability level of p<0.05 decreased moisture, protein, and fat contents in T1 and T2, while T3 and T4 showed preservation benefits over 90 days. Ash contents increased with extended freezing in all treatments. Caloric content from protein and fat exceeded that of the fresh sample, suggesting potential nutritional losses during frozen preservation. The reason for maintaining nutritional (moisture, protein, fat, ash, and Caloric content) value may be due to the synergistic effect of the glazing materials. However, the study identified a 5% table salt solution and white vinegar as ideal glazing materials for preserving the nutritional value of fish. In conclusion, storage of these fish species for up to 90 days did not adversely affect their nutritional value.

The current study was performed to investigate the ability of propolis as natural preservative of buffalo milk against contamination by Escherichia coli. Here, 100 milk samples were collected from buffalo and transported in icebox to a laboratory. These samples were subjected to bacterial cultivation and diagnostic tests, to recover E. coli from the milk samples and to test its antibiotic susceptibility profile. Each isolate was subjected to virulence gene- and 16S rRNA gene-based PCRs and sequencing. The propolis, collected from honey bee colonies, was exposed to an extraction process and GC mass analysis. For the preservation experiment, finely-ground propolis was prepared with different concentrations (10mg,20mg, and 40mg). Each concentration was added to 1 ml of milk with a control 1ml of milk with no propolis. After that, all milk groups were placed in 5±1 °C for 10 days. Later, bacterial count was done at zero-time, 3 days, 7 days, and 10 days to identify the bacterial contamination. E. coli was detected in the milk samples before adding propolis as confirmed by the PCR. The bacterium demonstrated high sensitivity to gentamycin (18.66±0.88mm) and amikacin (15.66±0.33mm) with very low sensitivity that reached 0 mm in amoxicillin and tetracycline. The finding of the bacterial counts revealed significant (p<0.05) protection against bacterial growth, especially at high concentrations. The sequencing revealed distinct but close similarity with world isolates of E. coli. The gene expression of the virulence genes was seen significantly (p<0.05) affected by propolis. The study demonstrates that the propolis protects against bacterial growth.

Damage to articular cartilage can ultimately lead to osteoarthritis, a debilitating degenerative joint disease. Treating cartilage damage is difficult because cartilage has a limited ability to heal itself and because currently available treatments are limited. Nano-fat tissue, a specific type of adipose tissue, comprises the greatest concentration of MSCs, fibroblasts, and pericytes. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Nano-fat on healing of articular cartilage in dogs. Methods Ten healthy adult mongrel dogs were used in current study, The dogs were divided into two equal groups (n = 5), Group I (the control group) was left without treatment. While group II (the nano-fat group) was treated by the application of nano-fat.
Result, showed that the signs of mineralization occur in the peripheral portion, particularly in the edges near the trochlear groove of joint, while operation site of control group was filled with collagen fibres, and newly generated blood vessels are evident and numerous. Control group was not featuring cartilage regeneration Conclusion, Nano-fat used as a treatment can effectively enhance articular cartilage regeneration, enhance the newly generated blood vessels and accelerate the inflammatory process.

There is need to knowledge geographic distribution of CRIMEAN–CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER virus (CCHV) in Iraqi cities so this study take place in different region in Basrah to detect viral antibodies. Specific serological indirect ELISA using to determined IgG antibodies against CCHF virus. Blood samples were collected from large ruminants from buffalo, cows, and calves starting from June to the end of September 2023. Results showed presence of IGg antibodies were found at a rate of 42.44% from 172 cattle (73) positive. Titers of IGg was high among females compare male and highly antibody recorded in older animals 2-3 years compare with less than 2 years. According to the regions Abo-alkaseeb has been highly infected animals out of 57cases 33(64.7%) positive. Samples of hard and soft ticks were collected from Basrah governorate, were classified to the family Ixodidae ticks include three species, including: Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma anatolicum and Hyalomma truncatum. The widespread type is the Hyalomma type. The presence of the virus has been found in animals in which there are more ticks than in animals that are tick-free. These results suggest that is (CCHV) widespread in the cattle populations southern of Iraq.

The Babesia is one of the most important parasites transmitted by hard ticks and is responsible for high infection and mortality rates in sheep herds in various countries of the world. The current study included the diagnosis of the Babesia parasite in 260 blood samples collected from sheep from different areas of the city of Mosul. Thin blood smears were prepared from them, stained with the Giemsa stain, and examined by using the light microscope. The Babesia species was diagnosed in 112 blood samples, with a total infection rate of 43.07%. Two species of Babesia were diagnosed: The large-sized Babesia (Babesia motasi) with a measurement rate of (3.76±0.83) x (2.39±0.78) and a range of (2.5-5) x (1-5) microns and small sized Babesia (Babesia ovis) with a measurement rate of 1.81±0.58 x (1.1±0.47) microns, with a range of (1-2.5) x (1.1-2.1) microns. The current study also included the possibility of using the fluorescent Acridine orange stain (AO) to stain 50 sheep blood samples. This stain was distinguished by its easily and speed in diagnosing infection with the Babesia parasite in blood smears within two minutes. This stain is useful in survey and epidemiological studies, but it is not useful in the specific identification of the parasite

A viral disease known as bluetongue (BT) can afflict ruminants, both domestic and wild. It is dispersed by arthropods, particularly species of Culicoides. The disease is brought on by the BT virus (BTV), which belongs to the genus Orbivirus and family Reoviridae. This review covers the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, clinical signs, diagnosis, and management of the disease. BTV infection causes large direct economic losses because of high morbidity, mortality, stillbirths, abortions, fetal abnormalities, low birth weight in young animals, decreased milk yield and fertility rate, weight loss, early culling, and losses of meat and fleece. Fever (105-106° F), serous to bloody nasal discharge, mucopurulent discharge later on, hyperemia and edema of the lips, face, tongue, ears, and submaxillary region (looking like a monkey face), oral erosions and ulcers, and in rare cases, cyanosis of the tongue are the most common clinical symptoms. The disease is diagnosed using either immune response detection or pathogen identification. The OIE recommends four serodiagnosis tests: CFT, AGID, competitive, and indirect ELISA. Vaccines that are inactivated pose a lower risk than those that are live attenuated. Because there are so many BTV serotypes and susceptible hosts, controlling BTV is very difficult.

The disease commonly referred to as Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis Syndrome can be vexing and challenging to control, with an incidence ranging from 0.7% to 12.0%. The presence of several conflicting claims can cause significant confusion for general practitioners, ultimately compromising their ability to provide effective clinical care and negatively impacting the well-being of their patients. This multifactorial disease is significantly associated with multi-environments for cats. Having standards would greatly assist the whole profession by providing general practitioners with the necessary tools to handle these patients confidently and determine whether a referral is necessary. The current primary course of action entails the removal of teeth, specifically the premolars and molars, rather than relying solely on medicinal treatment. Following surgical treatment, cats' outcomes can be broadly divided into three groups: remissions, notable improvements, and minimal improvements. Most cats that get surgical treatment require simultaneous medication therapy to reduce inflammation, with some needing ongoing medical maintenance for the rest of their lives. Emerging methods like mesenchymal stromal cell therapy have potential favorable outcomes for patients.