Adab AL Rafidayn

Particles are functional words which syntactically and semantically cannot stand alone without association with other words like the verbs and the nouns.
This study handles the category of the particles which is not clear-cut in English and Arabic. It also talks about the effects on time reference of the particles when they combine with the verbs. In addition, it deals with the functions of the particles in English and Arabic.
This study hypothesizes that there are differences in using of the particles in the English and Arabic, particles in Arabic have time reference which cannot be indicated by English ones and different functions can be expressed in English and Arabic particles.
This study basically aims at confirming or denying what has been hypothesized by describing the particles in English and Arabic as they are ones of the parts of speech in both languages.
The model for this study is Quirk et al. (1985) and Cappelle (2005) for English grammar, while Al-Murady (1992) and Bilhaf (2009) for Arabic grammar. These are used to shed light on these similarities and differences through a thick description of the particles in both languages.
The results show that the English particles do not have any effects on time reference while the Arabic particles have the ability to change the whole tense from present to past or to future. In addition, the functions of the particles are different in every language.

This study aims at conducting a comparative study of modulation in Arabic and English. It attempts to give extensive description of modulation in English and Arabic. It tries to find out the aspects of similarities and differences of the meanings of modulation in the two languages. The outcomes show that there are some aspects of similarities in Arabic and English Languages at different parts of speech such as nouns, adjectives and adverbs. The results also show that there are some points of differences between the two languages. For example, English is mainly expressed by using modal verbs. In opposite, Arabic is mainly expressed by using lexical verbs in addition to using prepositional phrases to express the meanings of modulation.

have been studied from various perspectives, but few scholars focus on their cognitive or pragmatic dimensions. The present study aims to analyse Mosuli Arabic proverbs from a cognitive-pragmatic perspective. In this sense, it attempts, first, to explore the mental processes that help in understanding a proverb in a possible context, and, second to identify the pragmatic functions realized in the illocutionary acts, the accompanying prelocutionary effects performed in the selected proverbs. The data analysis consists of ten proverbs that have been selected randomly from Mosuli Arabic native speakers. In this respect, every single proverb has been checked out in authentic published books about Mosuli proverbs, so as to ensure that they are authentic. The data samples are divided into categories and analysed in a qualitative method. It is hypothesized that mapping is the mental process that is used in interpreting proverbs and Mosuli Arabic proverbs are mostly directive illocutionary acts. The study used a revised model for the data analysis that covers two perspectives of proverbs, namely: cognition and pragmatics. This model is based on some theories that are taken from, first, Lakoff and Turner (1989)’s, the Great Chain Metaphor theory that helps in exploring the cognitive mechanisms in the selected samples, second, Searle (1979)’s classification of illocutionary speech acts that are used to analyse the pragmatic functions of the selected proverbs. This study concludes that mapping across conceptual domains is the mental process in interpreting proverbs and that Mosuli Arabic proverbs can perform different kinds of speech acts.

This study deal with the interference of mother language on learning of French language. It aims to discover the errors sytaxique committed by Iraqi learner like the non existence of verb to be, place of subject, gender of nouns ant other sytaxique interferences. In the same time, this research will try to find solution for the problems of interference of mother language which retard the acquisition of foreign language.
Mots-clés

In this study, an acoustic description of the Iraqi Arabic (IA) stop consonants, /p, b, t, d, k, g, ṭ, q and ʔ/ in initial, medial and final positions in isolation and in carrier phrase was carried out. The acoustic parameters that were investigated were closure duration (CD), burst duration (BD) and voice onset time (VOT). The study aimed to contribute to the phonetic description of IA speech sounds by acoustically describing its stops and to find out whether there were differences between IA stops and the English stops. The data was collected from 20 educated subjects, 10 males and 10 females. In terms of CD, it was found that the IA voiceless stops had longer CD than the IA voiced stops. It was also found that the labial stops had longer CD than the alveolars and the velars. The results also showed that /q/ had longer CD than the others with some exceptions and /ṭ/ had longer CD than its plain counterpart, /t/. In terms of BD, it was found that the IA voiceless stops had shorter BD than the English stops and thus they were less aspirated than the English voiceless stops. Only /t/ and /k/ were found to be aspirated. In terms of the voiced stops, unlike the English voiced stops, it was found that the IA voiced stops were fully voiced which means that they have voicing during the closure represented by negative VOT values. The glottal stop showed a good example of a normal stop consonant only in initial and final positions in isolation. In other contexts, it showed a great deal of variability in its spectrogram where its acoustic make ups were not observed.

The current study investigates Iraqi EFL learners’ command in terms of appropriate employment of sociocultural norms of English conversation. The sample of the study has been selected from fourth-year students, Department of English, College of Education for Humanities, University of Mosul for the academic year 2019-2020. The sociocultural norms accounted for are conversational openings, turn-taking, backchannels, adjacency pairs, repairs and conversational closings which includes both pre-closing and leave-taking.
The researcher deploys a role-play test to elicit the required data. Conversation analysis approach serves as the model for collecting and transcribing the data. Further, the study adopts Al-Hadeedy’s (2019) model to evaluate students’ performance for the role-play scenarios. The model has been slightly modified to suit the research questions. Then, T test is applied for statistical treatment. The result of the study indicates that the majority of the students are not employing the majority of the sociocultural norms appropriately which refutes the posed hypothesis.

The present study investigates the importance of using various language games in the EFL context as a significant tool to facilitate teaching English. The study aims at finding out the role of such games exploited by the English teachers at Basic Schools as a supportive tool and a helpful method in teaching EFL. For achieving the aims, it is hypothesized that: (1) language games facilitate teaching different aspects of English language, (2) these games are used to teach different aspects of English language in an EFL context. (3) language games can be used to teach all language skills reading, writing, speaking and listening. Accordingly, the researcher defines language games, classifies them, clarifies the time and methods of playing such games, presents the sort of games chosen for this purpose, after that sheds light on the most important advantages of using language games for learners depending on the literature. To achieve the aims and verify the hypotheses of the study, a questionnaire is constructed and given to fifty English teachers who teach EFL learners at Basic Schools. The findings of the study achieve the aims and verify the hypothesis that languages games do have a crucial role in teaching English all the aspects of English language to the learners who are not native speakers of the language.

L’objectif principal de cette étude est de jeter un regard sur les images de l’albatros présentées à travers deux poèmes écrits par deux poètes qui appartiennent à des âges et à des orientations littéraires bien différentes. Ces deux poètes sont l’un S.T. Coleridge et son chef d’œuvre « The Rime of the Ancient Mariner » (La Rime du Vieux Marin) et l’autre Charles Baudelaire et son fameux poème « L’Albatros ». La raison en est d’examiner les variétés, s’il y en a, dans lesquelles l’albatros est dépeint dans les deux poèmes susmentionnés. Dans cet article, les questions centrales qui se posent sont : l’oiseau (l’albatros) peut-il être considéré uniquement comme représentant la nature bonne et bienveillante, ou peut-il avoir d’autres significations supplémentaires cachées à l’arrière-plan ? Si les oiseaux sont présentés d’une manière différente dans les contextes des deux poèmes, quel peut être par conséquent l’effet de telles présentations ? Un examen attentif et de près des deux textes de poèmes dans le but de les analyser est l’approche suivie dans cette étude.

Every language has unique linguistic items that lack straightforward linguistic counterparts in other languages i.e. not lexicalized in the source language.
This paper investigates the distribution (re- presentation) of unique items in the translated texts from English into Arabic depending on the hypothesis of Unique Items suggested by (Tirkkonene-Condit 2002) which is one of the so-called translation universal hypotheses.
This hypothesis is adopted to predict the frequencies of the unique items of the target language in the translated texts (over or under representations) namely the lexical items of rain such as:
الرذاذ, الطل, الوابل, الهطل والتهتان, العباب, الحميم
which are respectively represented in English by two kinds of occurrences, single words as drizzle, wet, shower, deluge, downpour, torrents and mansoon , and phrases such as trickling rain, sputtering rain or it's pouring down and so on .
Translators' behavior is measured according to Toury's law of interference. The results reveal that even the English source text doesn't present any translation difficulty, the unique Arabic items are less frequent and under-represented in translated texts compared to original Arabic texts. Also, the study finds that the translators tend to use general solutions in translating unique items of rain, besides a clear interference of the source text is discovered in the translators' preferences.

This paper tackles an important topic in English language teaching and translation which is multi word verbs. Multi word verbs can be classified into three types, phrasal, prepositional and phrasal + prepositional verbs. Multi word verbs form an obstacle for the students in translation, because these structures are unfamiliar for them and they also belong to idiomatic expressions within spoken English. The test in this paper is conducted on (10) students, Department of translation. The test consists of (20) sentences, (10) of them consist of multi word verbs, while the other sentences consist of (10) lexical verbs, within the same context. The results show that the students are weak to some extent in translating multi word verbs.

Il a été constaté que la valeur accordée à la matière de traduction n\'est pas ce qu\'elle mérite réellement par certains enseignants ou étudiants. C\'est ce qui nous a incité à développer la recherche actuelle pour prouver son importance théorique, confirmée par des spécialistes, en plus de la réalité pratique avec laquelle nous avons vécu et vivons dans l\'enseignement de ce matériau. Il ressort clairement de la recherche et du questionnaire que la traduction est nécessaire et importante pour expliquer les matériaux de compréhension, d\'expression orale et écrite, de grammaire et de tous les genres littéraires. Bref, il est indispensable à tous les cours de langue. C\'est aussi l\'une des meilleures méthodes de motivation pour faciliter l\'apprentissage d\'autres matières en FLE. Nous espérons que cette recherche clarifiera certains aspects qui peuvent être ambigus pour certains, et qu\'elle sera utile à ceux qui s\'intéressent à ce domaine.

Each language is organized into semantic fields and every semantic field has two aspects: a conceptual field and a lexical one, and the meaning of the word is related to how it works with other words in the same lexical field to cover or represent the semantic field. The term semantic gradient is a common term in the modern semantic lesson and it reveals the nature of the relationship between the words that Palmer called pairs, and it is known that semantic fields are related to the glossaries of subjects among the Arabs. Among these (custom) dictionaries by Ibn Sidah, and the custom is considered one of the largest of the dictionaries of meanings, due to its size and breadth of its material. Its owner Ibn Sayyidah is a well-known Andalusian linguist in his field of knowledge. We chose anger, trying to present a systematic vision to demonstrate the phenomenon of the semantic gradient of this field.
Due to the fact that anger is classified within the realm of human behaviour, which is difficult to measure; because of the difference in the nature of human beings in the control of some in their emotions and the large number of words, the nature of the research necessitated its division into three topics, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion, and the first topic included the words that indicated the beginning of anger. That the workbook had the ability to complete most of the expressions related to anger, and we did not notice a specific methodology for it in the gradation, so the research task was an attempt to include the words of anger in the compiler according to the research plan.

Most of the short story writers sought to charge their artistic production in cultural formats that reflects the reality of human relations, social life, and institutions as well. Not only is the story full of central, but the marginal has become the focus of writers' attention to draw their topics from it. Some stood at the identity of the self and its reference, employing it in a narrative structure, based on the duality of the ego and the other, and that resulted in a dialogue dimension that carries a civilized character, with divergent visions and ideas.
The research aims - through a cultural reading - to reveal the hidden patterns in the story of the London Eye by the Iraqi writer Fateh Abdul Salam. The purpose of this is to explain the nature of the relationship between the technical textual structure and the human intellectual content in it. The reason behind that is to link the textual loads with the external world, as the actual, verbal, and intellectual activities in the story have semantic dimensions that refer to cultural systems

This research deals with the traits of grief in Al-Shareef Al-Murtadha's poetry. It is an attempt to consider his grief poetry, the tools he uses to achieve this effect, and their functions. In the research, grief is viewed in two themes: first, lamentation of senility symbolized by grey-hairedness; second, lamentation of lovers. His poetry shows a lot of factors and references, through which the poet expresses his grief, drawing painful imageries and paintings, depicting in a varied way, the sensed pain and heartache, the thing that enriched his poems with tearful images.
Al-Murtadha's language is abundant with harmonious moving grief images and scenes, homonymous and heterogeneous variating from a text to another, that can be analyzed and interpreted directly or indirectly. Each text contains a lot of meanings, which bear different implications, suggestions and references that give the text distinctiveness, in addition to the other surface and deep themes and poetic features.

The importance of the research entitled " The phenomenon of sadness in Muzahim Ali Al-Shahri's poetry " lies in the fact that (sadness) comes as a prominent phenomenon in the poetry of Muzahim Allawi, in addition to being a motivation for the formulation of the poetic experience and its formation in the product of the Iraqi creator in general, especially since he was living under the shadow of an atmosphere dominated by robbery due to the war and the siege and the effects that resulted from them which was negatively reflected on society in general; therefore, the product of the creator was imprinted with the character of sadness, as his self-concern interwoven with objective concern, exploding his poetic energies expressing the bitterness of his reality. So we chose (sadness) as a topic for our research. The research has a textual approach; The method of working is based on an approach to poetic texts, and an attempt to uncover their formative images and elements, while taking care of the contexts surrounding the text 'such as the social, national and national context that its connotations were referring to the research plan is based on two parts, preceded by an entry that is separated from the linguistic and idiomatic concept of (sadness), as well as its effect on lighting up the poetic experiment and launching it in the product of the Iraqi creative person.
The first section is devoted to the study of (the subjective motives of grief) resulting from the creator's awareness and tenderness of his sense of the setbacks of his reality, the life crises, calamities and human losses that befell him and his family and other matters.

Sufi literature was born within the literature of pure love. Sufis succeeded in reconciling divine love with human love. The expression of love and adoration is of a spiritual nature and in a flirtatious manner, inherited and pliant. The symbol of women and the personality of Lili is often found in Sufi literature to express divine love and divine beauty in the universe. And the desire to come closer to the beloved God.

The poetic image is the output of complex procedure and the image can not only present a ready meaning that we can understand by looking for mental life of the poem, The subconscious forms images was permeated by acts which can not be understood without transmigration in the world of text's subconscious in an effort to grasp the image meaning, as well as trying to combine between all of that with what are exist in realty in order to reveal an obvious beautiful image including creativity.
The Arab Poem had relied on the inspiration powers of his language, not only for refining the audible words and rhythms, but also to embody the poetic images and the mental rhythms which they involve in dialectic relations with other structures of poetic text.

Libya was forming a strategic base for Egypt. So the latter has played a significant role in the independence of Libya in 1951 both technically and culturally. But the relations between the two countries deteriorated after July Revolution in 1952, yet this relation became normal after 1969 Revolution, especially when the revolutionaries announced that their revolution could be considered as one of the July Revolution, in aspirations, and that its leader Jamal Abdul Nasir is its inspirer. Egypt sided with the Libya Revolution with all its military, spiritual and consultative support. Egypt was badly in need of Libya especially in the materialistic side, as it was preparing itself for redeeming the lands that it had lost in June War 1967. Libya , however, in this era, determined to realize unity with Egypt under the patronage of president Jamal Abdul Nasir.
After the death of Jamal Abdul Nasir in September 1970, the relations between the two countries entered a new stage, as there was no intimate mutual relations between both presidents Al_Sadat and Al_Qaddafi. and they often ended their conversations were quarrel, they lost confidence between them. But Egypt's favor and the circumstances faced by Egypt, besides the aims announced by Al-Fatih revolutionaries, were behind the contact between the two sides till the end of October War in 1973. Libya did not hesitate to show military and materialistic aid to Egypt in this War, as Libya granted millions of dollars, tens of military jets, cannons and different types of weapons, in addition to hundreds of tons of petrol as well as using petrol as a weapon in this war beside other Arab petrol producing countries.

Baghdad in the Abbasid era embraced scholars and talents that were greatly encouraged and praised by the caliphs and the most senior statesmen, and the singer Abu Hashisha al-Tanbouri was among those talents that had a role in entertaining of the caliphs and the elders of the state, who was known for his craft and skill in singing in the Abbasid era.
The research was divided into four axes, the first axis included his name, surname, and career, while the second axis dealt with his connection with the caliphs and the elders of the state and his singing to them, and the third axis included the praise by his contemporary singers, as well as his praise of some of them who were proficient in his field of work. The fourth and last axis included his writings and the cause of his death.
The conclusion was a summary of the most important findings of the research .

The economic life was completely paralyzed, at the beginning of the Ilkhanate state as the fall of Baghdad under the rule of the Mongols had dire consequences, because the establishment of the Ilkhanid rule that meant a complete change in the governmental system, as the new rulers were real nomads who were alien to life of stability, eager to exploit the peasants and city dwellers to the maximum. For nearly half a century the ruling class kept its national identity, language, document, and exotic dress, and it is not necessary to say that the Mongolian army not only used to plunder villages and market livestock, but the new rulers also confiscated fields of grain and used them as pastures

The peace process in the Middle East resulted in the international and regional changes that occurred in the Arabian region. France supported the Madrid Conference in 1991 , the subsequent secret negotiations in Oslo and its signing in 1993 and the French attitude of it. In addition to that France has taken a direction in the European Union that works for the development of Arab-European relations, the result of which was the Barcelona conference pact in 1995 and its clear attitude concerning the events inside the Palestinian territories in 2000, the stumbling of peace process, the events of September 11, 2001, the siege of President Yasser Arafat, and the American-Israeli demand to delegitimize him and then his death in 2004.

Scientific research has a significant role in improving societies and also the developing ones. This role is represented in finding solutions for the problems and the challenges facing societies whether scientific or human. In order to achieve these goals, there should be certain conditions and circumstances that participate in consolidating scientific research, concerning those who are to complete the research or provide the materialistic circumstances besides administrative facilities. Hence comes the problem of our research, to shed light on scientific researches in the universities of the liberated cities via being acquainted with the circumstances of scientific researches in the universities of the liberated cities whose infrastructure was destroyed, namely laboratories and libraries being the main supply to activate and support the scientific research so as to find solutions and suggestions that may participate in making scientific research in the universities of these cities advance to reach the point that enables it to lessen or delimit the problems the societies of these cities suffer.
Our research consists of a number of sections. The first of which is dedicated to the methodological framework of the research. The second one tackles the real state of the scientific research in the Arab homeland and its challenges. As for the third, it focuses on the condition of the scientific research in the Iraqi universities. Finally, the fourth deals with the scientific research in the universities of the liberated cities, including Mosul city, in addition to the most prominent results and recommendations that the research will come up with.

The study aimed to identify the types of latest crimes, their communal reflections and the ways of facing them by the communal police and society. The study reached many results, most notable of which is that the new crimes spread in most societies in different forms and images depending on the nature of society and its circumstances. It is also found that the latest crimes leave serious repercussions on social, economic and security. That requires efforts to confront them through Laws adjustment and tightening procedures for fighting them and educating members of society to avoid falling into its trap, as well as supporting the police services, especially (communal police) to enable them to combat these crimes.

sustainability of human life. Depending on economic security , a person achieves a well-off life and meets his daily living requirements. With economic security, the wheel of development turns forward, and together with it, countries can challenge each other. The importance of economic security lies in its developmental dimensions of the society. The economic security requires the provision of basic services for a person, so that a person does not feel destitution, poverty and disease, this includes school and cultural services, humanitarian care and social insurance, and to face emergency conditions and spend free time that prevents it from isolation and recession. The aim of the research is to identify what economic security is and its role in development in a situation with reference to the situation of Iraq. The research is a descriptive and analytical research that relied on my historical and analytical method to achieve its goals. The research reached a set of results; the most important of which are:
1. Decline in indicators of economic security for the population of Iraq as a result of the exceptional conditions prevailing in society.
2. The population of Iraq lives under the effects of economic insecurity (low income, unemployment, and difficulty in satisfying needs).
3. High unemployment rates in the Iraqi economy, which stabilized significantly among youth groups, in which the females share was higher than that of males, as a result of the weak employment policy response.

The study aims at coming out with recommendations after identifying the most significant social and economical factors of the Mosuli family, and how they are reflected upon children. The researcher has used a descriptive analytical research method, with a sample of 50 children from the city of Mosul who were selected using simple deliberate sampling method, with ages ranging from 6 to 15 years old. The researcher also used repetition and percentages to get conclusion, most significant of them are :
-The study has concluded that the decreasing economic levels in a family badly reflects upon the child, forcing him/her to work at an early age ,therefore leaving education behind, with 66% of the sample asserting that conclusion.
-Parents neglecting their child's care due to lack of income has been a reason for behavioral and ethical deviations amongst children, with 62% of the sample asserting that conclusion .
-The study has also concluded that families suffering from financial need have children who feel deprived. These families can't provide the child's basic needs like education, healthy accommodations, or adequate clothing. 80% of sampled children have asserted that matter.
-The study has also concluded that the displacement of families has lead to weakness within the child's social relation, since he/she has been taken away from relatives and friends, in addition to not being able to adapt to the new environment.
-The trauma which the child has suffered due to military actions was a reason for the child to lose his/her sense of safety ..

The research aims to identify the reality of Iraqi school libraries in terms of standards and to show the extent to which they apply to the minimum of them. The research relied on the descriptive approach represented by (survey and case study curricula) as it is considered the most appropriate curriculum. Data were collected through personal interviews with library directors and personal observation by researchers. The questionnaire form has also been used as a tool to collect data to obtain adequate information that enriches the research and reach adequate results and come up with valuable recommendations as it was found that there are (23,000 thousand) twenty-three thousand schools. The number of libraries in them reached (13028 thousand) thirteen thousand and twenty-eight libraries. That is, 56.6% of the number of libraries distributed to Iraqi schools. The most important finding of the research was that all school libraries in Iraq did not implement the minimum requirements of the standards that are used in most countries of the world. The researchers also presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which was that the ministry of Education should adopt the new unified standards for school libraries developed by the research for its suitability to the environment of Iraq and in line with international standards applied in the school libraries in the future to increase their effectiveness, preparation, and development.

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of an educational program on developing social solidarity among middle school students. The research sample consisted of (43) students of the fourth grade of scientific branch and they were randomly distributed into two groups of (23) students for the experimental group and (20) students for the control group. The members of the experimental group received training on the educational program which consisted of (13) lessons; while the control group did not receive any training , In order to achieve the goal of the research and test its hypotheses, the two researchers built a social solidarity program, which was finalized in (13) lessons and was characterized by honesty and stability. After implementing the program and applying the scale before and after the individuals of the research sample and analyzing the data statistically using statistical means (T-test for two independent samples, a square test. Kay, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Impact Size Equation), and the results showed the following:
- The presence of statistically significant differences at the level of significance (05‚0) between the mean scores of social solidarity in the post test for members of the experimental and control groups and in favor of the experimental group due to the application of the educational program to the experimental group.
- The presence of statistically significant differences at the level of (0,05) between the average degrees of (development) social solidarity among members of the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group due to the high rate of difference.
- The presence of statistically significant differences at the level of significance (05‚0) between the mean scores of the pre and post applications in the social solidarity scale among the members of the experimental group and in favor of the scores of the post

The development of higher-order thinking skills is one of the priority goals that educational institutions that is sought to be achieved for learners Therefore, it harnesses all its energies to enable learners to be able to consciously deal with all life circumstances surrounding them by developing their abilities and skills to think. Accordingly, the research aimed to build an educational program based on Guilford's theory to develop higher-order thinking skills among primary school teachers. To achieve the goal of the research, the two researchers built an educational program based on Guilford's theory consisting of (10) lessons. The apparent validity of the educational program was extracted, and a set of recommendations and proposals were developed. order thinking skills.

The research dealt with assessing the quality of groundwater and analyzing its suitability for various uses (human, industrial and agricultural) in Rabia district, located in the northwestern parts of Nineveh Governorate, The research adopted the main classifications in the proposed limits in classifying the quality of groundwater and its suitability for the three uses - the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking - the Wollcox equation and scheme for agricultural use - the proposed limits for water uses in some industrial purposes, The research came to the conclusion that the wells were not suitable for drinking, although the wells vary in the degree of unsuitability, and the wells vary in the degree of suitability for agricultural uses (4 wells are either of good to permissible validity, 3 wells allowed to questionable, one excellent well to good and one questionable well), In the industrial field, the wells were shown to be unsuitable for various industrial purposes despite the appropriateness of the acidity degree (PH) towards that and (Cu) in one well (Karan).

The map is one of the most important means of visual analysis in the modern era, especially after entering the technology of geographic information systems (GIS), as researchers were able to analyze and explain phenomena with high accuracy and scientific, with a short time and effort in analysis.
Population change maps were prepared and designed using the Arc Gis 10.7.1 program, based on recent population data for the years (2010, 2014, 2018), The study examined two methods of mapping representation of population change, which was represented by the method of double graphical columns and the method of divided relative circles. This is to analyze and explain the numerical and relative distribution of the population in Nineveh Governorate.
The study found that the population change in the governorate from 2010 to 2014 was going towards an increase in all administrative units, In 2018, however, it decreased in the administrative units that were occupied by ISIS terrorist gangs. Meanwhile, it increased in the administrative units that the ISIS terrorist gangs did not enter.

The novel Corona virus is one of the important topics and matters that affects all countries of the world. Therefore, the governments of countries pay great attention use all their means, facilitate all methods in order to confront the danger of this pandemic that has become a threat to the lives of people. On the other side, and since the official media, especially the press, have a great role as one of the state's facilities in dealing with and covering many topics and issues that appear on the scene, whether they are political, economic, social, health and others, the Iraqi press had to pay its entire attention in covering that issue of Corona, which has become one of the threats to the Iraqi society at the health level; thus, this research is considered one of the significant steps that can be used to determine the type of press coverage that Iraqi newspaper websites make and how they deal with the topic of Corona virus. Therefore, this research is concerned with conducting a content analysis on what is included in the websites of Iraqi newspapers and focuses on the website of the Iraqi newspaper, Al-Sabah as the official newspaper that has represented the tongue of the Iraqi government for the period from 1/6/2020 to 31/7/2020. In addition to that, this research uses the analytical survey method as a research method and adopts the complete census style as an important tool for studying all the topics published on the site related to Coronavirus during the specified period of research. To conclude, the research reveals its results on the most important topics and journalistic contents to which the site paid great attention, as well as the most important journalistic arts used on the site for its coverage of the topic of Coronavirus, in addition to the most important solicitations used in the press coverage process.