Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

To compare oral misoprostol with intramuscular oxytocin in the treatment of atonic uterus that cause primary post partum haemorrhage after vaginai home deliveries .A prospective study , 38 women were categories in fwo group; as follow: twenty-five women received intramuscular oxytocin and thirteen received oral misoprostol. Measurement of the blood loss after medication was recorded as a main outcome measure. The result showed that 72o/o of the patient received intramuscular oxytocin injection had blood loss less that 500 ml while 46% of the patients received oral misoprostol had blood loss less than 500m1. Intramuscular oxytocin injection is effective in treatment of primary post partum hemonhage caused by uterine atony

This study was carried out in pediatric out patients ward of Rapareen hospital in Erbil city, which included 45 children with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), males and females, whose age range is betweenl-5 years old, with 45 healthy children at same age and sex considerd as control group, to determine the hematological and biochemical variables. The results indicate a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in haemoglobin, packed cell volume and red blood cell count in children with iron deficiency aanemia (IDA) when compared with control. White blood cell count, lymphocyte number, platelet count and red distribution width were increased significantly (p < 0.01) in children with IDA when compared with control. No significant differences observed in neutrophil number in children with IDA and control. Mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in children with IDA when compared with control. Significant decrease (p < 0.01) noticed in serum iron and transferrin saturation in children with IDA when compared with control. While total iron binding capacity increased significantly (p < 0.01) in children with IDA when compared with control. Serum creatinine, urea, aspartate transamminase and alanine

Nuchal cord encirclement is defined as the condition in which the umbilical cord is wound at least once around the neck of the fetus. The ultrasound is one of the very helpful tools for evaluation of fetus with possible Nuchal cord entanglement, especially color flow Doppler ultrasonography which is a reliable tool to detect Nuchal coiling of the umbilical cord, and therefore color Doppler waveforms assessment in nuchal cord entanglements might be helpful for clinicians to decide a closer surveillance in labor by using intra-partum cardio-toco-graphy. The aim of the study was to determine if the presence of a single or multiple nuchal cord encirclement has a negative effect on fetal growth. This study was conducted at Tikrit Teaching Hospital. All live borns, single and multiple births during the study period (August 2008 to July 2009) were examined they were 3972 including term and preterm labor. Of them 271 have nuchal cord encirclement, of those 34 have multiple encirclement and 23 7 have single encirclement. The collected data were divided into those with encirclement and those without. The effect of nuchal cord on the birth weight according to the gestational age; sex of the neonate and the parity of the mother hc1s been evaluated. There was no significant association between the diagnosis of growth restriction and the presence of cord encirclement. The mean birth weight was not significantly different in the presence of a single or multiple nuchal cord encirclement than without encirclement. The conclusion was that whether the nuchal cord encirclement is single or multiple, it has no significant effect on birth weight.

The objective of this study is, first to report the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureues (MRSA) infections and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Teaching and Emergency Hospital in Erbil city, and second to screen four medicinal plants: Eucalyptus globulus, Anethum graveolens, Prosopis farcta and Ficus carica (both aqueous extract and ethanolic extract) for potential antibacterial activity against MRSA isolates , then screening the phytochemical properties of these plants. Out of total 110 strains of Staphylococcus aureues isolated from different clinical specimens, 15 (13 .6%) were found to be methicillin resistant. All MRSA strains were found to be resistant to penicillin and gentamycin while 86.66% were resistant to cephalothin ,doxycyclin and tobramycin. However, no strains were resistant to vancomycin. Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were performed using micro broth dilution method. The MIC/MBC of aqueo.us and ethanolic extracts of E. globulus against MRSA isolates were 25/12.5 mg/ml and 6.25/3.125 mg/ml respectively, while of P. farcta were 100/25 mg/ml and 25/12.5 mg/ml respectively. The results also revealed that extracts of F. carcia were inactive against MRSA. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins and phenols in almost all the crude extracts followed by alkaloids and resins, while the glycosides was not detected in any extracts of the four plants tested.

This paper contained the synthesis of some new derivatives of 1,2,4-ttazole ring from the reactions of 3-amino 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (I) with different substituted benzaldehyde (in absolute .ethanol with present glacial acetic acid as catalyst) to prepare Schiff bases (IIa-c). The prepared new Schiff bases (IIa-c) reacted with maleic anhydride or 2-nitro phthalic anhydride in dry benzene to give oxazepines compounds (IIIa-e) (7-membered ring). The synthesized compounds were elucidated by some spectroscopy methods (IR ,UV and Elemental analysis (C.H.N)) besides the TLC was used to check the products. Tire biological activities of some prepared compounds (IIa, IIIa-e) were also studied asainst four different kinds of bacteria.

To compare the effectiveness of using paracetamol, diclofenac sodium, and tramadol in controlling post tonsillectomy pain in immediate post-operative period. Sixty patients from 10 to 30 years old undergoing tonsillectomy by classical cold steei method and homeostasis done by ligation r,vith or without electrocauterization. We divided them into three groups according to the type of analgesic drug received in the immediate post operative period: Group A (20 patients) received paracetamol injection 15mg/kg/dose. Group B. (20 patients) received diclofenac sodium injection l.25mglkg lday. Group C (20 patients) received tramadol injectionlmg/kg/dose. Post-operative pain assessed clinically and according to visual analogue scales during rest and deglutition. 8 patients (40%) of group A have good response VAS less than 30 mm with mild discomfort, 15 patients (75%) of group B have good response and in group C 17 patients (85%) have VAS less than 30 mm with mild discomfort. There was significant difference between group B and C in comparison with group A (p:0.039), but there was no significant difference between group'B and group C (p >0.05). Tramadol and diclofenac sodium are most effective in controlling post tonsillectomy pain even in those patients who have tonsillectomy with e lectrocauterization.

Bone fracture and its healing process have been extensively investigated for many years. in this stady bone delayed .union and its effect on the adjacent muscle was investigated. Ten local breed adult rabbits of both sexes weighing 1200-1500 g were used in the experiment. All animals were undergoing surgical operations to induce a transverse closed fracture in the midshaft of the femur, All animals were survived for five months' and then killed using high dose inhalation of chloroform inside glass box. The surgical procedures were made under (general anesthesia) of 50mg/kg Ketamin hydrochloride. A 5 cm longitudinal incision was made on the lateral side of the right thigh. the fractured bone were fixed using intramedullary fixati.on). Approximate the two fragments and a gap of about 2.5-3 mm length was left to prevent normal bone union. The length and weight of each muscle were measured. Comparison between right and left side for both weight and length was made. A specimen from the muscles of anterior group of thigh (i.e. Rectus femoris), posterior group of thigh (i.e. biceps femoris), anterior group of leg (i.e.tibialis anterior), and posterior group of leg (i.e. soleus) for both right and left was taken. Sample also from fracture site was taken. Staining of sections using Haematoxylin and eosin.the result revealed a significant decrease in muscle fibers weight and diameters. It was concluded that the delay in bone healing reflected on recovery of the weight and diameter of adjacent skeletal muscle fibers.

Compound [1] is prepared from Esterificition of 4-Nitro benzoic acid. It has been reacted with hydrazine to get compound [2]. 3,5-bis (4-Nitro phenyl)-4-amino -1,2,4-triazole [3] has been synthesized by melting of 4-Nitro benzoic acid hydrizide to cretin temperature. The new series of Schiff bases [4a-f] have been syntheised by reacting compound [3] with different benzaldehydes., These derivatives shows ring closer reaction with phathalic anhydride to obtain 1.3- Oxazepine derivatives [Sa-f]. The syntheised compound were characterized by (IR.UV) spectra, melting points the above reaction were followed by TLC. The biological activities are studied against four different kinds of bacteria .

Simple, sensitive and reproducible spectrophotometric method was developed in aqueous medium and applicated for the estimation of pheylephrine hydrochloride in nasal drop and tussilet syrup. The method is based on the formation of orange coloured azo dye from the coup I ing of pheylephrine hydrochloride (PPH) with diazotised p-nitroaniline in alkaline medium of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. The intensity of absorbance for the resulting orange azao-dye was measured at 490 nm in sodium hydroxide and at 487 nm in sodium carbonate. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 10-200µg of PPH (r2=0.9988) in sodium hydroxide and of 10-lSOµg of PPH (r2=0.9981) in sodium carbonate in a final volume of 10 ml, with molar absorptivity of l.14xl04 1.mor1 .cm-1 in sodium hydroxide and l.98x 104 l.mor1 .cm-1 in sodium carbonate. The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, precise and reproducible (relative standard deviation was+0. 8 to + 1.53% and relative error was - 1.6 to+ 1.7% depending on the concentration level of (PPH), while being simple, cheap and less time consuming. The azo-dye was stable for more than 2 hours in sodium carbonate and for 13 hours in sodium hydroxide .The proposed method was successfully applied for the dtermination of phenylephrine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical nasal drops and tussilet syrup formulations.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airway, with increased worldwide prevalence. This study was conducted the for evaluation the effect of different treatment regimens on expired breath condensate hydrogen peroxide concentration and pH. Patients and methods: Thirty two patients ( 17 male, 15 female), with asthma were examined during exacerbation. Asthma was diagnosed according to American Thoracic Society Criteria. The pH level was increased significantly following treatment with prednisolone. In addition, expired breath condensate hydrogen peroxide in patients with acute attack reduced significantly (P<0.0001) following treatment with prednisolone. Black seed oil treatment reduced expired breath condensate H202 concentration from 1.29 µM (95% CI, 1.08-1.50) as baseline values to 0.56 µM (95% CI, 0.45-0.67) following treatment. Furthermore, pH of expired breath condensate increased from 5.54 (95% CI, 4.97-6.11) at baseline to 6.8 (95% CI, 6.28-7.32) following treatment course of back seed oil. Thus the treatment course of black seed oil significantly reduced expired breath condensate H202 concentration (P< 0.0001) and increased exhaled pH (P< 0.0 l ). For the groups that were treated with oral prednisolone or black seed oil, there were a highly significant inverse correlation among expired breath condensate H202 with pH, Exhaled H202 with FEVl predicted percent and positive correlation for exhaled pH with FEY 1 predicted percent. Steroids and back seed are with activity to reduce expired breath condensate hydrogen peroxide concentration and pH. This may indicate that they may be used for asthma treatment.

The glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin and teicoplanin (targocid) are widely used in the treatment of infections caused by gram positive bacteria. Vancomyc inhibits both transglycosylation and transpeptidation reaction during peptidoglycan assembly, targocid inhibits peptidoglycan polymerization, resulting in inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis and cell death. In this study twenty strains of streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae and twenty five strains of staphylococcus aureus were collected from different infections. MI Cs and MBCs of vancomycin and targocid were determined against the bacterial strains, the MICs of vancomycin for the streptococcus strains were 4-8 µg /ml compared with 8-16 µg/ml for targocid and MI Cs of targocid for staphylococcus aureus were 4-16 µg/ml MBC for the same strains were 8-32 µg/ml. the conclusion of this study was that targocid was less active than vancomycin against staphylococci but equal or more active against streptococci specifically it presents excellent in vitro activity against streptococcus pneumonia strains.

Back ground : Warts are benign epidermal neoplasms that are caused by human papilloma virus (HPVs). Warts are transmitted by touch; it may occur on adjacent toes ("kissing lesions"), or at sites of trauma at the hands, in periungual regions as a result of nail biting, and on plantar . surface. There are different clinical types as Common warts (Verruca vulgaris) begin as smooth, flesh-coloured papules and evolve into dome-shaped, gray-brown, hyperkeratotic growths with black dots on the surface ( thrombosed capillaries).The hands are the most commonly involved areas, but they may be found on any skin surface. Patients and methods: One hundred and twenty four (124) patients with warts were encountered in the outpatient clinic of dermatology at Tikrit Teaching Hospital from October 2008 to May 2009.Patients were examined by dermatologists and medical history was taken using special questionnaire. Results: from 124 patients , 68 (54.8%) were males. Preschool and primary school children were the most age group affected (41 %). Most frequent of wart cases were from urban (62%). The hands was the most frequent site in the body affected (24%). The most frequent wart type was a common wart (54.8%). Regarding the associated diseases atopic dermatitis was the most frequent (12%). Conclusion: The most frequent wart type was a common wart (54.8%)and The hands was the most frequent site in the body affected(24%).

Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Clinical studies have shown that body weight reduction decreases blood pressure. The aim of this study was to illustrate the relationship between obesity and blood pressure among adult males and females in Tikrit city. A case series study among the population aged over 25, (400 individuals, 200 males and 200 females) in Tikrit city. Sample was collected from September till December 2008. The blood pressure of subjects was measured in three occasions one month apart via mercurial sphygmomanometer by well trained personnel to those patients attending to Medicine outpatient of Tikrit Teaching Hospital. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly lower in all groups (P<0.005) in non-obese compared with obese patients. This positive relation well indicates the higher the BMI, the more elevated SBP. However, reduction of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) mean was significant only in men and women who were under treatment with antihypeftensive drugs (P<0.05). In all hypertensive groups and in healthy subjects, there was an increase in body mass index (BMI). This increase was more notable in hyper-tensive groups, compared with healthy individuals. The prevalence of obesity in hypertensive patients was higher than that of the healthy group.