Iraqi Journal for Administrative Sciences

Productivity Flexibility and its role in achieving cleaner production philosophy
The clean production processes are a contemporary methods adopted by the organizations aim to improve the reality of production and environmental sustainability as well as meeting environmental change through the adoption of flexible production capacity to meet the environmental conditions and achieve a competitive advantage unique to all competitors. The study relied on two approaches, deductive as input variables of the study to test and try to apply them to the respondent to gain access to the data and then the results of society. The analytical test to measure the variables of the study through an examination and analysis of the results and then test the variables of the study.
The study dealt with some intellectual and field problems and the goal of answering them to clarify theoretical philosophy and intellectual connotations and applied fields of variables (flexibility productivity, clean production) covered by the study. In addition to the statement of the importance of these variables and the possibility of their application in the Iraqi environment, specifically in the cement industry and in particular in the company researched " Iraqi Cement State Company" The study sample included a group of technicians and managers of departments where. Totaling 132 people were distributed the questionnaire as a tool to gather information
The study found there is a significance positive correlation with between the variables of the study with a significant positive correlation differences between the dimensions of the study variables (the dimensions of flexibility production , clean production processes) also found the presence of clear impact flexible production dimensions to .clean production directly
And the study it urged the company researched to give clean production philosophy greater importance than ever before .Because it the key to current and future competitive advantage because of the increased pressure for the sustainability of the environment and consumer protection.

The research aims to discuss and explain the impact of contemporary cultural dimensions presented by Hofstede, especially the recently introduced dimension of leniency versus restraint (IVRIndulgence versus restraint) and its impact on accounting conservatism as one of the accounting values, and by adopting the analytical and deductive approach in interpreting and making comparisons between cultural environments. Varied and specific, which achieved (highest - lowest) score in the cultural dimension scale of leniency towards self-restraint (IVR), and was represented by the countries falling under the Anglo-Saxon culture - America, the Scandinavian countries, the countries of Eastern and Central Europe, and Iraq. The practice of accounting conservatism in the Iraqi environment was tested using the scale (Basu 1997). The research concludes that the economic units in the research sample practice accounting conservatism in their financial statements and that the cultural dimension of self-control (R) affects accounting conservatism based on the data of the Iraqi cultural environment in a more significant way than other cultural dimensions affecting the aforementioned environment.

This research aims to analyse Road Accident Fatalities In Holly Karbala for the period (2010-2015) using time series technique (Box&Jenkins) method (Identification ,Estimation ,Diagnostic Checking of Model ,Forcasting ) to find the best forcasting model to the number of Road Accident Fatalities in Holly Karbala for the period (2010-2015) .The result of data analysis show that the proper and suitable model is Integrated Autoregressive model ARIMA(0,1,1). According to this model we obtained forcasts of Road Accident Fatalities for the next (10) years in monthly base, so the forcasting data are consistent with the observed one which refers to the efficiency of the model.

The world has witnessed major changes in the past few decades at all levels, which have presented major challenges faced by business organizations with their various economic activities. Among the most important of these changes and transformations is globalization in all its forms and types, and most economic sectors have become intertwined and linked to each other through blocs and mergers to form giant entities among themselves.
In light of such changes, risk was the inherent element of all investments and the movement of money, goods, and services, and therefore the issue of risk specific to each country became a basic basis in determining the destination of local and foreign investors, and risk, along with return, is considered a reference basis in building investment portfolios.
The process of building the investment portfolio and the multiple methods on which the construction process is based are of great importance in the financial field and reflect the steps that must be followed to make rational decisions in creating an investment portfolio that balances return and risk for a wide range of financial assets in the financial market. Therefore, this study aimed to build an optimal investment portfolio in the Iraqi Stock Exchange for each year of the specified study years from 2005 until 2015 and to analyze the data of each portfolio separately and the stocks involved in building the optimal portfolio in a simple ranking method. Then, the impact of country risk based on the International Guide to Country Risk (ICGR) on the optimal investment portfolio is measured, expressed as the return and risk of the investment portfolio on an annual basis.

In this research, the measurement parameter θ and the reliability function R(T) of the left-truncated Weibull distribution were estimated using the hippocampal Bayesian method using the initial distribution of the parameter θ with the class (ML-II-ε) when the shape parameter β is known and under the DeGroot loss function as it is the probability density function. The priors of the base and contaminated distribution are distributed in a frechet distribution with parameters (α0 = 1, σ0) for the original distribution and (α = 1, σ) for the contaminated distribution.

Financial crises are one of the basic features that characterize our current era, which threatens business companies and their sustainability. The research aims to delve into the contents of the current financial crisis, determine its causes and repercussions, and choose appropriate ways to address it by diagnosing the impact of financial flexibility in avoiding the financial crisis. The hypothetical and conceptual model has been developed. To search through a broad and in-depth review of the literature related to the two research axes, namely financial flexibility (leverage ratios, liquidity ratios) as the independent variable, and the financial crisis (capital adequacy ratio, profitability ratios, bad debt ratios, loan-to-deposit ratios) as the dependent variable, and represented The research community included commercial banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, as (10) ten commercial banks were chosen as a sample for the research, and the time series for the research was (10) ten years from (2006-2015). The data was subjected to statistical analysis by employing a ready-made software package, primarily SPSS, V.23. The results have proven that there is a significant relationship between financial flexibility and its role in reducing the financial crisis. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which is that financial flexibility explains the financial crisis at the overall level and at the level of sub-indicators.

The most important reference that this search refers to is the usage of the Logistic Regression function in binary data analysis of the research response. The study of breast cancer has been done through the practical side by using 200 patients' charts. The dependent variables of the study outline two responses: either the patient is under control or dead. The variables explained in the research are eight. In the search are eight variables.
The experimental side of the second part refers to the results of the theoretical simulation program which are: the Maximum Likelihood (ML) and the Minimum chi-square (MCS), accordingly, the estimation of the parameters of using methods of the models have been determined by the sum of the square errors of the models.

The current research aims to explore the correlation between Human Resources Architecture and Psychological Empowerment, interpret the nature of the conceptual and philosophical relationship between them and what is the impact of the application techniques of Human Resources Architecture in Psychological Empowerment. This is a way of reducing the knowledge gap between the variables of research. Thus, it is possible to achieve this by testing correlations between Human Resources Architecture and Psychological Empowerment and what is their impact on each other, where the scholar distributed a questionnaire to 180 the number of Faculty members and employees were retrieved 171 valid questionnaires for analysis. The theoretical results showed a knowledge gap in interpreting the nature of the relationship between Human Resources Architecture and Psychological Empowerment in organizations in general and in the organization in question in particular. As a result, it was drafted some recommendations, which will hopefully be taken advantage of by the researchers based on the empirical results that showed a moral and positive correlation between Human Resources Architecture and Psychological Empowerment. Moreover, having a significant effect and positive Human Resources Architecture in Psychological Empowerment. These results came out through validated research hypotheses that were used several research methods, which were represented on average, standard deviation, variance, as well as Cronbach's alpha coefficient of correlation and regression.

When the dimensions of the covariance matrix are relatively large compared with the sample size; or when the dimensions of the matrix are close to the sample size or larger, There will be difficulties in finding a good estimation for it. Most Matrices with high dimensions suffer from the difficulty of finding their inverse. Therefore, the classical methods of estimation such as maximum likelihood will give biased estimators far from their true value. This research aims at expanding the usage of shrinkage estimation to estimate the covariance matrix in the case of using samples with large dimensions.The covariance matrix will be estimated by using three methods. The Maximum Likelihood estimator MLE and the nonlinear shrinkage estimator Oracle, and the linear shrinkage estimator Lediot and Wolf (LW) and the Suggested Estimator and make comparison among them based on (MMSE) minimum mean square errors. Here, a simulated experiment with high dimensions samples was made with multiple sizes and calculated MMSE as the increasing in sample size to the large dimension of the covariance matrix.
As conclusions, the Suggested Estimator is perfect when the sample size is very small compared with the number of variables in it. Moreover, the Oracle estimator is working well when the sample size is fairly small to the number of variables in it while it has not cleared that the maximum likelihood estimator MLE and the (LW) have any goodness.

This paper is Concerned on comparison between the Maximum Likelihood method (MLE) and the least squares method (OLS) to estimate the parameters and the Reliability of proposed distribution of the compound (exponential - Weibull) with three parameters. Using a standard for comparison is the absolute average errors. This paper applied to the real data collected from the public company Textile Industries in Wasit Governorate (Kut textile factory) and through the results obtained show that the greatest Method Maximum Likelihood is the best in the case of estimation the distribution parameters. While the reliability function estimate showed that the least squares method is the best.

Study builds recognize the reality of the University of Kufa in terms of adoption of the concept of learning organizations. And make recommendations that will improve the performance of the university on the development of knowledge and intellectual capital, and the importance of the study of the importance of universities and large responsibility of higher education and out of modern management attention directed towards Knowledge intellectual Capital, Learning organization was used as a tool for measuring the characteristics of a questionnaire, the study sample consisted of (61)Human resource members of the university leaders, faculty, staff and staff at the university level body exclusively and its departments, Data was analyzed using percentages and averages, and analysis of variance. The results showed that the adoption of the characteristics of a learning organizations are (promoting cooperation and learning through the group, linked to the organization of Foreign surrounding environment, enabling workers toward a common vision, strategic leadership in support of learning, providing opportunities for continuous learning, encourage dialogue and discussion, the establishment of a knowledge sharing and learning systems). The critical success factors in the study offered a learning organization at least the characteristics of an application at the university and that call for a movement organized and quickly by the university to improve the rates of those characteristics as well as to view the most characteristics in application, which can be invested, pushing the university toward learning and build a learning organization and invest their capital in those characteristics, Where there is an urgent necessity makes it imperative for organizations working to follow a specific methodology for continuous learning The study found a set of conclusions and recommendations, Including high averages of paragraphs variable (CSFs), These results indicate that workers at the University of Kufa responses on these variables was the (positive), and the level of assessment of the paragraphs of this variable was (high) from the perspective of workers in the mentioned university. The study found, to provide senior leadership in every organization support CAF for all employees in different job categories to connect with learning through their participation in conferences, seminars and training programs varied to encourage individual and collective learning as well as the regulatory environment appropriate to provide for learning and reward workers who participated in the conference events, or who have received the rehabilitation of scientific best.