Journal of Techniques

Good understanding of spatial variability of soil properties leads to precise
agriculture . Accordingly , a study was conducted to analyses the spatial variability of
some of soil chemical properties ( soil reaction , electrical conductivity , organic matter ,
calcium carbonate , cation exchange capacity , and exchangeable sodium percentage )
for surface and subsurface horizons ( AP , C1 , C2 ) of some east gharaf soils . Classic
descriptive statistics ( minimum, maximum , mean , standard deviation , kurtosis ,
skewness ) and least significant difference ( P = 0.05 ) , were used for the purpose of this
study . The results showed that , soils in this region were characterized by spatial
variability along vertical and horizontal scales . The most variable property was
electrical conductivity ( C.V. = 77.001 % ) in ( AP ) horizon .

This research was conducted during the season of 2009/2010 inside unheated plastic
house to investigate the effect of sprays number and concentrations of micronite 15
( 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 cm3 .l-1) and their interaction on growth and yield of Eggplant
var. Sham gota using (RCBD) with three replicates. Results showed that the sprays
number and the concentrations of micronite 15 and their interaction had a significant
effect on vegetative growth characteristics and yield. The interaction of three sprays
with 2.5 cm3 .l-1 of micronite 15 gave the highest average of plant height (128.1cm),
branches number/plant (15.12) , leaves number/plant (134.1) leaf area/plant, ( 277.3dc2)
flowers number (99.34) and set of flowers percentage (96.1). Results also gave the
highest average of fruits number/plant, fruit long, fruit weight, yield/ plant, early yield,
and yield /plastichouse amounted to( 60.22, 24.66cm, 145.3gm, 8.613kg, 1.041ton,
5.911ton) respectively.

The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of Nitrogen fertilization
at levels (0, 46, 92 or 138) Kg/h and spraying with gibberellic acid in levels (0, 50 or 100)
ppm on the quality and quantity of some phenolic compounds from Mentha piperita.
Results showed, that the ethanol extract of Mentha leaves contained the following
compounds: (Salicylic acid, Gallic acid and Quercetin) high performance liquid
chromatography technique (HPLC) was used and the results were compared with some
standard compounds for summer and autumn harvests. The autumn harvest recognition
of salicylic acid 98.701% when the nitrogenic fertilizer was added in the level of 92 Kg/h,
without spraying of gibberellic acid as well as quercetin and Gallic acid compounds
about 7.202% and 41.230% respectively in the level of 138 Kg/h with spraying of
gibberellic acid at concentration (100) ppm.

This experiment was carried out during the growing season 2009 to find out the
influence of CV. (super marmond and crystal) and the foliar spray with (ozomen and
soleyfieg) at 0,2,2.5 and 3 g/l.
The results show the following findings:
1- the superiority of super marimond to give the highest means of most of the traits
studied under the conditions of Babylon.
2- A zomen at 2.5 g/l resulted in augmentation of most the characters studied as
compaire to the other nutritive substance.
3- the interaction between the above factors of this study show the best results regard
most of the qualities studied under the environmental of Babylon.

A field study was carried out during two winter successive season (2009-2010) ,
(2010-2011) , at the experimental fields of the Field Crops Dept., College of Agriculture ,
University of Baghdad , in order to study the spraying effects of three levels of GA3 at a
concentration (0 , 100 , 200) mg GA3.L-1 with three levels of (Trigonella Foenum –
graecum L.) extract at a concentration (0 , 5, 10) percentage , Randomized Complete
Block Design with three replications was used . Results indicated that treatment with
GA3 and (Trihonella Foenum – graecum L. extract ) was significantly increased values of

The human being is considered the most important elements of agricultural
development. Currently the agricultural section suffers the problem of farmers leaving
for farming and the emigration into town. This problem is considered the most
dangerous one that the Iraqi countryside faces. There most be problem that forced them
to do that, this paper interests to discover these problems. A random sample of (120)
farmers was chosen in two areas from diyala province (Mukdadya and Khalis)
The results of paper show that the most important problems related to water are
the deficiency of irrigation with ratio(%80.8), the problem of electric turning off and
stopping irrigation with ratio (75.8%) , soil saltiness (48.2%), saltiness of subterranean
with ratio(47.5%), the high cost of modern irrigation channels (37.5%) and finally the
ignorance of extensional ways for modern irrigation with rate (16.6%).

Separation of some phenolic compounds from bark ,sap and heart wood of young
and mature Melia azedarach L. trees were carried out .Sequence extraction by four
different polar solvents was done by using the Soxhlet in order to prepare free- fats,
free- impurities crude extract. HPLC was used for separation , identification and
determination of following phenolic compounds ( Gallic acid, Resorcinol , Quercetin
,Salicylic acid , Hydroxy cinnamic acid and Coumarin ) .The results showed a
remarkable variation in the kind, number, percentage and the peak area (represented
the concentration) of each separated compound.

Studies on the effect of K fertilizers application in increasing water use efficiency and
decreasing the negative effect of water stress, quite limited especially under field
conditions. A field experiment was conducted in silty clay loam in Agricultural Research
Station of Abu-Graib- Baghdad, Iraq to study the effect of different levels of K
fertilizers application on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and their role in decreasing
negative effect of water stress.
Treatments include four levels of K fertilizer (0, 200, 400 and 600 kg K2SO4 ha -1)
and two levels irrigation (after depletion of 50 and 75 % of available water). Results
revealed the following

Transport of Cl and Na solutes were predicted by convection-dispersion equation
(CDE) and its relations with unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, K(Ɵ) under saline
irrigation water. Three field plots were irrigated with seven intermittent pounding of
saline water. During irrigation, samples of soil solution were collected at depths of 0.15,
0.30, and 0.45 m and EC , Cl and Na were being measured. The K(Ɵ) was measured
using internal drainage method, utilizing neutron probe and tensiometers.
Results showed that the shape and position of breakthrough curves (BTC) of Cl
and Na were differed due to type of ion and soil water characteristics. The BTC of Cl
and Na were displaced to the right and Na showed less relative concentration (C/Co) at a
given pore volume (V) of water. The CDE provided a fairly good fit to the BTC for both
ions. It gave dispersion coefficient (D) of 177.6 cm2 day-1 for Cl and 120-237.6 for Na.
Also, Cl and Na curves appear more C/Co at 0.15 m depth in comparison with the other
two depths. The fitted exponential curve of K(Ɵ) showed in general a decreased in
magnitude with the use of saline water. The values ranged from 0.02419 to 0.00188 , and
0.01425 to 0.00120 cm h-1 for fresh and saline water, respectively.

Adult beetles, Tribolium confusum, were exposed to gravid proglottides of worms,
Hymenolepis nana obtained from an already infected mice. Fourteen days after initial
infection the beetles were infected as before. Four days later they were dissected before
the cysticercoids of the second infection were fully developed. The results revealed that
the beetles can be infected more than once, and cysticercoids can live through the life of
the beetles, there is no effective host resistance associated with a number of infections,
nor is there effective interference with cysticercoids development.