Journal of Techniques

In present research a study of the effect of concrete moisture content on the
values of concrete compressive strength due to high temperature (within 250 – 7500C)
was done .
Concrete cubes were tested to see the effect of moisture content variation on
compressive strength, and Ultrasonic pulse velocity. The test were done after immersion
of cubes in water for 1hr , 3hrs , and 24 hrs , then exposed to high temperature (250 ,
500 , 7500C) .

obtained , one class of erosion were detected slight (1 - 4) degree with ( 100 % ) and its
falls in whole area of the basin of studded area which its area equal to (431.250 km2) ,
Moderate and Severe erosion (5 , 6 , 7) were not founded .
A contour map , Topographic map ( 3D ) , Vector map , shaded relief map , and
surface map were prepared by ( surfer 9 ) program by depending on data measured
from topographic maps for Studded area , to show slopes , surface , erosion pattern for
Baghal basin

This research is concerned with synthesis of new Schiff base 2-Amino(2-Imine
furan) (FH) and its derivatives [5 - (2-furyl) - 4,5- di hydro - 1,3,4-thiadiazole - 2-thiol]
(FH1), [5 - (ethyl thio) - 2 - (2-furyl) - 2,3- dihydro - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole] (FH11) and the
derivative [ 4– amino -3 - (2-furyl) – 3,4 – dihydrobenzo - 1,3-oxazepine – 1,5- dione]
(SF1), All these compounds were characterized by FT-IR and H-NMR spectral data for
some of them.

The research was done in the State Company for Mechanical Industries /
Iskandariya for the year 2010 – 2011 to study the influence of increase the revolution
and delivery head for irrigation pumping unit 100NVA (4"×4") in : discharge , water
horse power, brake horse power and pumping unit efficiency . The pump has two speeds
which are 1450 RPM and 1950 RPM as well as three points of delivery head 0.5 Bar , 1
Bar and 1.5 Bar . The experiment was done by using (CRD) Complete Randomize
Design in three replicates . The results were as follow : Increasing pump speed from
1450 to 1950 RPM has led to significant increase in discharge, WHP ,BHP , significant
decrease in pumping unit efficiency and Increasing delivery head has led to significant
decrease in discharge and significant increase in WHP, BHP and pumping unit
efficiency

The fact that evaporation vacuum from the basics of the concentration process of
solutions in production plants , because of their importance in controlling the quality of
the product , concentration and to avoid crystallization during the evaporation process ,
conducted this study in order to find the relationship between different concentrations
(0.125 kg, 0.25 kg, 0.5 kg in 3 liters of water per weight) for the solutions of three items
(sugar, salt and milk) in their physical properties during the concentration in the system
evaporator vacuum , it was noted that the relationship between the fraction weighted of
the solution by concentration and then an inverse relationship as the increase of
concentration of the solution inside the device is the rate of increase in concentration the
solution outside less) of sugar and the direct correlation of each of salt and milk.
also observe when it proven the operating conditions for different materials, the
concentration of sugar solution requires longer periods than salt and milk.

In this research, the effect of (6 bar) pressurized Nitrogen gas current, when it is
applied from bottom; on the increasing the efficiency of drilling process of AISI 316 L
by Nd-YAG pulsed laser was studied. It was found that, the pressurized gas has an
effective role in improvement of drilling process in both increasing the holes depth and
diameter and decreasing the pulses number required for running out the holes, in
addition to the cleaning and regularity of internal walls of holes. The pressurized gas
current forces the liquid metal outside the hole before solidification that give these
effects

The thyristor choppers can be classified in terms of operation range as first quadrant
(90o range), two-quadrant (180o range) and four quadrant (360o range). When the
regenerative process is not required in motor operation, then the first quadrant is suitable for
motor speed control.

Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) was used as a flame retardant additive to unsaturated
poly -ester UPE resin and to increase it's combustion resistance . It was added to the
resin with weight percent ratios (2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 16) % to obtain different
samples . From the results , good flame retardant to unsaturated polyester was
obtained in all weight percent ratios of the additive .

In this paper, the development of multi-modulation and demodulation baseband
modulator and demodulator based on Software Defined Radio (SDR) are presented.
The fundamentals of digital linear modulations are presented as algorithms to develop
symbol of SDR signal. The multi-modulation baseband modulator (MMBM) and
demodulator (MMBD) are designed using digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms,
and then implemented into Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA. Comparing the real-time and
simulation results shows that the timings are equivalent, and the sign and magnitude
changes are significant. Furthermore, at least 17% FPGA utilizations have been
achieved for the configurable MMBM and MMBD

An attempt has been made to develop overall water quality index for surface
water, using six water quality parameters Biochemical oxygen Demand (BOD), Total
Hardness, Chloride, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Turbidity. The scale of the
proposed index Excellent, Good, Slightly Polluted, Poor and Heavily Polluted water is
proposed for surface water quality assessment. The concentration ranges for index were
defined by considering the Iraqi Drinking Water Standards (IQS), World Health
Organization (WHO) and other scientific studies on water pollution effects of these
parameters.

Understanding the defects reasons in the continuous casting products is one of the
main targets of manufacturing engineers, for those modern engineering techniques are
desires, such as automation production process, control the product with X- ray, and
infrared controlling. Iron and steel plants began to update production processes to
satisfy the quality standard requirement. In this study defects that have appeared in the
billets was recognized.

This research aims to study the effect of heat treatment especially the crystallization, on
the chemical resistance of porcelain enamel sample. For a crystallization to occur half of
the amount of frit was reheated up to (850 C°) for a period of (90 min) and left to cool at
a rate of (10C°/min) in the furnace. The two specimens were tested by X-ray diffraction
to ensure the difference between them. The first specimen show a glassy material or
amorphous phase, while the treated sample has the beaks of a crystalline material. By
testing the chemical resistance of the two samples to (10%) concentration of
hydrochloric, sulphuric, citric, and CH3COOH it is obviously appeared that the
crystallization enamel has a much better chemical resistance than the amorphous one.
Key words - :porcelain enamel, crystallization, chemical resistance

It is difficult to find an autonomous robot capable of performing certain services in
a real environment. One advantage of a robot is its ability to accomplish many of the
tasks entrusted to him with high efficiency compared to that of humans. This paper
aims to design and implement a robot system which has the ability to move along a
predefined path and move with discretion through a place in so many forms. A field
programmable analog array (FPAA) technology has been used in building the artificial
neural network (ANN) controller system on the route of the robot which minimizes the
tracking error to the goal point, while simultaneously maximizing the distance away
from obstacles. The proposed robot system was tested, which showed the possibility of
movement and it completed the required tasks with high accuracy according to the path
planned.

In this research the effect of flutes number of the endmill on tool life and its surface
finish for two types of steel ,medium carbon (DIN C45) and high alloy steel (DIN X40
Cr Mo V5) was studied . And this will be carried out by using three types of endmills
each one have different number of flutes to machine a slots with specific dimensions into
two pieces of steel ( high alloy steel and medium carbon steel).

Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) is an effective tool for analyzing signals used in
different practical applications especially in speech and image processing fields. This
paper introduces a design of a wavelet packet transform system configured on field
programmable Gate arrays (FPGAs) slice using embedded design techniques. The
hardware part is constituted by configuring a Microblaze soft core processor system on
Spartan 3e FPGAs slice. The floating point unit available in the Microblaze processor is
enabled to make the system deal with 32 bits floating point numbers as well as integers.
A DDR-SDRAM with 64 Mbytes capacity is added to the hardware to accommodate
with the signals containing high frequency components, like image signals, that implies
large number of samples. The embedded processor system is programmed by a C
language application program to make the system act as a wavelet packet transform
system. Xilinx ISE10.1 software was utilized to develop the hardware and software
parts of the designed embedded system. System performance is tested for seven levels
decomposition of an audio signal with satisfactory results obtained compared with the
results achieved by Matlab 7.2 version software.

An optimal with analytical formula of flow to open canal is evaluated to calculate
the roughness coefficient and the canal slope. Utilizing a simulation program with the
steepest descent technique for searching of minimum starts from an initial estimation is
considered, by this analysis. The analysis proceeds along the direction of the gradient to
a new point, such that gives minimum mean deviation between observed to set of the
sample data obtained from irrigation canals flow tests for any selected open canal.
Relevant field data obtained from the irrigation canals of flow tests conducted in
experiment plots for( Eskendriya – Mahaweel, Hilla – Diwaniyah, and Diwaniyah –
Shafiyah) projects in the middle of Iraq, are gathered and analyzed for the evaluation
process.

This paper aims to quantify the difference in amount of absorbed energy due to
Impact on thin walled circular tubes that made from 2024-T135 aluminum alloy and
that one made from composed material of the same dimensions. The two selected
materials were subjected to the same Impact test conditions, which consist three
different drop weights; each weight was dropped in three different impact speeds. The
resulted deformations of the impacted specimens due to the drop weight and the impact
speed were measured, then three terms were calculated depended on the measured
deformation for each drop weight and impact speed, these are the mean impact load,
specific energy absorption, and the absorbed energy. It was observed that the amount of
absorbed energy is the same for the two selected materials under the same impact
conditions, even when the measured deformation of the composite specimen is larger
than that of the 2024-T135 specimen.

This research is focused on the numerical investigation of a steady laminar natural
convection heat transfer of liquid (water) with Prandtl number (Pr = 6.2) in a 2-D
rectangular enclosure and Rayleigh number, Ra in range from 103 to 105 are taken into
consideration for various aspect ratios, AR of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0.
The enclosure object with heated left side wall, while the right side was cold, the top and
bottom walls was adiabatic. The theoretical study involved a numerical solution of the
Navier-Stokes and energy equations by using finite difference method. The stream
function – formulation was used in the mathematical model. The numerical solution is
capable of calculating the velocity, stream function, vorticity and temperature fields of
the computational domain. A computer program in (FORTRAN 90) was used to carry
out the numerical solution and used the Tecplot7 program to draw the results of
program.

Our approach based on enhancing the resolution of video and converted to an
anaglyph 3D as used in TV and other application, the image which captured from
sequence of video images by perceptually adding plausible high frequency information.
By introducing an appropriate prior distribution over such data set we can ensure
consistency of static image regions across successive frames of the video, and also take
account of object motion. A key concept is the use of the previously enhanced frame

Heat convective enhancement in a two-dimensional rectangular enclosure utilizing
nanofluids is investigated. The basic fluid in the enclosure is an ethylene glycol-based
nanofluid containing (Cu, CuO, AL2O3 , or TiO2) nanoparticles. Calculations of heat
transfer rates were performed for a range of Rayleigh number (103 ≤Ra≤106), Prandtl
number is taken as (Pr = 204), and solid volume fraction (0.01 ≤ ı ≤ 0.04). The effects of
Rayleigh number and solid volume fraction for different nanofluids on hydrodynamic
and thermal characteristics are investigated. Results are presented in the form of
streamline and isotherm plots as well as the velocity profiles and the variation of local
and mean Nusselt number of rectangular enclosure utilizing nanofluids. The results
indicate that the effects of solid volume fraction grow stronger on the heat transfer rates
for nanoparticles. In addition, the increases of Rayleigh number leads to decrease the
solid concentration effect. Also, the incremental change in the average Nusselt number is
strongly depending on the nanoparticles chosen. Comparisons with previously published
work on the basis of special cases are performed and found to be in excellent agreement
with in maximum error (± 4 ℅).

The rule of laser, plasma, and TIG welding energy concentration, in the
transformation behavior and hardness of duplex stainless steel weld metal was
investigated. The significant findings were that the Nd-Yag pulsed laser welding
changes the duplex ferritic-austenitic structure of fusion zone to a full ferritic structure
after solidification, and increases its hardness above the average value of
the duplex base metal with no evidence of HAZ. The plasma welding causes the
development of dendritic duplex structure in the fusion zone and widman-statten duplex
structure in the HAZ, besides reduce the hardness of welds to lower than that of laser
samples. The TIG welding produce the larger duplex fusion zone and HAZ and more
reduction in hardness in comparison with plasma welding. All these steep variations in
structure and hardness accompanied with the three technologies mean that the three is a
severe reduction in energy concentration from laser to plasma until TIG technologies.