Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies

This research deals with the life and poetry of one of the most prominent poets of Iraq, who did not come across a previous study, namely Sheikh Abbas Al-Athari Al-Hilli (D. 1318 AH). Therefore, Therefore, this research was the first scientific work on him and his poetry.
He was born in Hillah, and contacted many scientific and literary families in it, then to Baghdad after he moved there. He was known there and became famous, then he returned to his city, and died there.
His poetry was collected three times, but all of that was lost as a result of the painful events that the city went through, and the sources of his translation helped us to prove some of it, especially with Sheikh Ali Al-Khaqani in his book (Poets of Hilla), and others.
We sought to find out his poetry after researching and pitting the various sources, and what we gained from the Qazwini manuscript and others, which was not mentioned by others. So that we stand on its contents that he deposited in it, and study it in light of that an objective and technical scientific study.
We conducted the research on three topics, the first one covered his life, his upbringing, his elders, his family and his divan, while the second one dealt with the topics of his poetry that he wrote and organized in it, and the third and the last one promoted the task of artistic study of his poetry, in terms of internal and external rhythm, language, and artistic construction, then A conclusion reveals the most important findings of the research, and our sealed it confirms the manuscript and printed references and references adopted in its inking.

Speech acts are one of the most important linguistic theories in deliberative work, and one of the most important linguistic issues associated with social communication, because they help reach the desired meaning. The researcher used the theory of verbal actions on the commandments of the supreme religious authority of the fighters in the liberation battle against the terrorist organization ISIS.
Among the reasons for writing the study: The commandments of the supreme reference to the fighters are an important mark of Iraq in its history, as well as in the behavior of the recipient, so it affects their souls, as it consciously used the signal of its commandments with regard to the recipient, thus proving the reference point of Iraq and not limited to a specific sect. Under the theory of verbal verbs, it is considered one of the modern western terms in the framework of modern science, and it is summarized in the framework of science, command and promise, and others.
The research consists of an introduction, theoretical study, and topics of the theory of verbal actions. The theoretical study deals with the theory of verbal actions and their development in the modern linguistic lesson, and mentioned the commandments of the religious reference and their effects on the recipient. After that, the study dealt with the transmission of the significance of verbal verbs in the commandments of the religious authority of the ancients and moderns. The research was concluded with a summary showing the most important things in it..

When researching the topic of Qur’anic objectives, the research showed that the article “intention” in the Arabic usage, and after extrapolating it in the linguistic dictionaries, it became clear that it signifies common and multiple meanings, but when it is launched it is mostly directed towards something and heading towards it. The term “maqasid” is often added to the Sharia, which is the well-known, and it is also added to the Holy Qur’an. Although the objectives of the Qur’an are more general and comprehensive than the objectives of Shari’a; It is the original, and the maqasid al-sharia is a branch. However, the term maqasid al-sharia is the most famous and most studied, researched and categorized by scholars from ancient times to today. The objectives of the Noble Qur’an are what the surahs and verses of the Noble Qur’an revolve around to define the message of Islam, and to fulfill its approach to guiding people. It is the one that shows what God Almighty wants in his rulings and legislation, which is in the interest of those charged in this world and in the hereafter. The Qur’anic objectives are of great importance in controlling the interpretive process, as they are the standard that controls the process of interpretation, just as knowing the objectives of the Qur’an is the way to understand the axes of the Qur’anic message, and its importance is that it helps to optimally contemplate the Book of God Almighty and extract its secrets and wisdom. The genesis of the Qur’anic objectives is not modern, as it passed through several stages. The topic of the objectives of the Noble Qur’an and its themes and its early methods are in the introductions of their interpretations and in individual compilations, as well as the later ones dealt with it in the introductions of their interpretations and in independent studies. The research also showed that the objectives of the Noble Qur’an are more meaningful in terms of their issues and themes, compared to the objectives of Sharia. And that there are many sections of the objectives, and it came with several considerations, including the ranks of interests that the Sharia came to preserve, and some of them with regard to their rank in the intention, and also divided in terms of comprehensiveness, some general, some special, some partial and others, and these objectives have many characteristics and features, they are divine in the source, It takes into consideration the instinct and the human need, the general and the regularity, and it is characterized by stability, compatibility and harmony and is general to humanity.

What distinguishes human languages is that they compete in the characteristics of most of their voices, and in their exits, only a few of them, but they are almost distinctly different in forming the syllables of those sounds, so what Arabic is famous for - for example - is that its syllables cannot begin with a consonant, as happens in some languages This is why Al Arabiya sought to obtain the link. To be the anchor to reach the dweller.
The Arabic syllables have been defined from which the words are formed, namely: (the short, the long open, the long closed, the long, and more). As in (The Divergent), if phonemes are formed in Arabic that contradict these syllables, they seek a change in their phonemic composition To make it within the sections in which she lived.
Usually rejected syllables appear in Arabic if one is to take a form from another form, such as formulating from the singular a plural form, genealogical form, or a diminutive form, and we also notice it in assigning the verb to some pronouns, and others. Because in these formulas you need additional sounds for the singular form, so it happens that two voices meet in one syllable, which the applicants called (the meeting of two consonantes), and they form a strange syllable, rejected in Arabic, so it seeks to get rid of it by various means, such as deletion and shortening.
This research came to reveal some of the linguistic formulas affected by such syllabic diacritics, provided that the research was committed to conveying the applicants ’opinion about forming the rejected syllables in Arabic first, and their interpretation of the change that appeared in them. To amend it from rejection to acceptance, then comes the interpretation of the hadiths of it, which contradicts the applicants in much of what they went to, and the research ended with a set of results that were proven at the end.
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Health prevention is a part of human health and societies because of its great and important role in all countries of the world, especially when diseases and epidemics are outbreaks in the countries of the world. Physical physical, biological, mental, psychological or social diseases, therefore, preventive health practices and sound healthy habits have become part of the health of people and societies in general, and despite the great importance of health protection, there is a disparity between societies in the level of health as the United States of America, Britain and countries European and other developed countries are characterized by a high rate of health awareness and Upgrading the level of health and health, medical and therapeutic services, And activating preventive health procedures and practices then comes the less advanced societies, and despite this variation, all of these societies are determined to adhere to preventive health programs, procedures and health practices to avoid disease, especially at the present time, where the spread and abundance of diseases and epidemics in the countries of the world and societies Humanity has sought to activate health prevention programs, procedures, guidelines and preventive health practices due to the outbreak of the Coronavirus (Covid_19) with its new strain (Covid_20), and despite the recent emergence of this virus, it was discovered for the first time in (1960 AD), and then it appeared recently in China in ( December 31, 2019 AD) also in Wuhan Province in Hubei, central China, then moved to countries around the world, including Iraq, where the first case was recorded on (February 24-2020), and it is from viruses, the destruction of the coronavirus may be similar to the (SARS) virus that resolved in (2003AD) that infects the lung and respiratory system and then the body's immunity, and the coronavirus may be similar to the outbreak of (SARS) in (2003 AD), which caused the infection of (800) cases And to (800) deaths over the course of (26) countries, but it was controlled within eight months in (July 2003 AD). Population risks, as for the Coronavirus, antibody to this virus (PCR) is a technique through which the virus's DNA is extracted and reproduced in large quantities for a more accurate and large-scale analysis, And with the spread of the Corona virus and its development in many developed and developing countries. The World Health Organization (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION) declared its international importance as a public health crisis, as the state worked to stop all domestic and foreign flights to contain the outbreak of the disease, so it is necessary to search for the causes of this epidemic, its consequences and its impact on human societies in order to find methods of diagnosis, treatment or vaccine Fitting for that virus.

The current research aims to identify the effect of using the method of brainstorming on developing the attitude of fourth-grade literary students in the subject of geography.
To achieve this, the researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control with two experimental groups and the control group which is one of the scientific research methods used in educational and psychological research. The researcher identified the research sample for fourth-grade literary students in Al-Thowra High school who numbered (56) students for the academic year 2019-2020.
There are (28) students in the experimental group that studies geography using the method of brainstorming and (28) Students in the Control group that will study the subject itself in the traditional way. The researcher rewarded between students of the experimental group in a number of variables. namely: 1 chronological age in months. 2_ Previous acadmic achievement in geography for the third intermediate grade 3-The scores of the tribal orientation test for students of The experimental group and the students of control group. After the research determined the scientific subject to be taught to the students of the research shtu to the three chapters of the book of geography, Sample which for the fourth grade literary to be taught for the academic year 2020 2019, and in light of the content of the scientific subject the researcher prepared (96) behavioral goals that measure the six levels of Bloom's classification of the field of knowledge namely (knowing understanding applying analyzing synthesis evaluation. The researcher prepared teaching plans for the subjects of the experimenet. The number was (60) model teaching plans and by (30) model teaching plans according to the method of brainstorming for teaching the experimental group students and Bo) model plans according to the traditional method of teaching the control group. The researcher studied the experimental and control research groups by himself and the experimental that started 19/10/2018 continued until Monday 9/1/2019 when the application of the research tool which is the dimensional trend measures.
As the first chapter deals with the research problem it's hypothesis and the definition of terms.
The seconds chapter dealt with theoretical aspects previous studies and the balance of previous studies. The third chapter dealt with the research methodology and procedures as the researcher presented the research tool which is the paragraphs of the trend toward geography subject to a group of specialists in educational and psychological sciences.
After deleting (5) paragraphs and amending some paragraphs the approval of the trend towards geography for fourth grade literary students.
The fourth chapter deals with the research results and their interpretation while the fifth chapter deals with the conclusions recommendations and proposals.
Results:
1. The presence of statistically significance differences at the level of statistically (0.05) shows the degrees of direction of students of the experimental group that studied the geography course using the method of brainstorming and the degrees of direction of students of the control group that studied the same subject in the traditional way and for the benefit of the experimental group.
In light of the results reached by the researcher he drew the following conclusions:
Conclusions:
-The method of brainstorming has an effect on developing the literary attitude of fourth-grade students.
-In light of the results of the research the researcher number of recommendations:
1.The ministry of Education directs teachers of geography to familiarize themselves with the teaching mechanisms by brainstorming methods.
2.Providing requirements for applying the brainstorming method in middle schools, especially providing laboratories.
The proposals:
To complement this research the researcher proposes conducting studies aimed at identifying the effect of …
Suggestions:
Using the brainstorming method in:
1.Other study subjects stages of study and other dependent variables such as creative thinking critical thinking and tendency.
2.Application of the trend scale prepared by the researcher in educational stages.
3.Conducting a similar study on girls schools.

Poetry and narration are two literary genders، and each one of them has its own characteristics and expressive techniques، but they meet and overlap in a set of characteristics، so poetry depends on the rhythm and intense style، which infiltrates the narrative texts to employ their characteristics and techniques in a large proportion. So، the poetic text becomes a story that narrates dramatic events carried out by active personalities in a specific temporal and spatial scene، and from here this functional relationship effectively contributes to the mixing of poetry with the narrative fabric because the rhythmic intensification of poetry applies to the multiplication of the narrative structure، so the overlap between poetry and narration It is clear، especially when the poetic text becomes able to present dramatic and influential scenes that appear in the dramatic dialogue that expresses the depths of the narrative characters and their tension and struggle with successive events in an influential temporal and spatial space. The poetry of prose in the poetry of Muslim Al-Taan is linked to the interpretations and connotations of the intended meanings contained in his poetry، after poeticism، a term that takes consistency and technical and aesthetic characteristics as its title، creating rhythmic and semantic levels that clearly indicate the poet’s ability and the depth of his prose text. They were embodied in the prose patterns represented by heading، beginning and conclusion first، and in the rhythmic consistency and its techniques represented by rhyming، alliteration and contrast secondly، this consistency and rhythmic formations were linked with each other in a coordinated، regular، rhythmic and interpretive manner forming the syntactic and semantic structure of the text. The literary genres in the poetic texts of al-Taan are living entities that evolve and transform with the development of times and human societies. We also find in his poetry that the nature of borders is flimsy between races، which means their ability to overlap and interact. In addition، the prose systems of Al-Taan are formed in hermeneutical and suggestive forms in which the functions vary according to the strength of the text and its poetry، as it opens up to all interpretations and sheds light on the contents and themes of the poetic text that will lead to a speech that appeals to the reader and draws his attention to the realization of the text's intentions and interpretations of its meanings that are consistent with the identity of its consistency and linguistic combinations..

Transition services are among the programs that are provided to students with disabilities during the basic school stages in order to help them make an easy and smooth transition from the school stage to the post-school stage. The purpose of transition services is to provide students with various skills in several areas in order to either obtain a job suitable for their capabilities and abilities or complete university education, thus, achieve independence. Therefore, the current study aims to know the reality of provided transition services to students with intellectual disabilities in the city of Jizan, Saudi Arabia. To collect and analyze data of the current study, the researchers used the descriptive approach, whereby a questionnaire was designed consisting of three main areas, and it was judged by a number of academic specialists in Saudi universities. After distributing the questionnaire electronically to all members of the sample and collecting responses, the number of teachers of intellectual education who responded to the questionnaire reached 76. After that, the researchers used the famous statistical program SPSS to analyze the study data and then work on interpreting the results quantitatively and descriptively. The results of the study found an increase in the level of transitional services provided to students with intellectual disabilities in three main areas: evaluation of students with intellectual disabilities to receive transitional services, preparation and implementation of transitional services for students with intellectual disabilities, and evaluation and effectiveness of transitional services. The results of the study also did not show any statistically significant differences regarding the reality of the transitional services provided to students with intellectual disabilities between male and female teachers depending on the variable number of years of experience, academic qualification, and gender. Finally, the study presented some recommendations that would contribute to improving some transitional services provided to students with intellectual disabilities, the most important of which is the localization and codification of standards for formal transitional services on the Saudi environment.

The Tongak represented an important belief in the life of the Korean people because it was the only one born from the womb of Korean suffering, unlike other beliefs that existed in Korea, all of which came from abroad, and that by turning it into an organization that defends the oppression of the poor added another feature to it that enabled it to touch the feelings of the Koreans and lead them towards aspiration To a better future.
The Korean people suffered during the rule of King Koh Jeong from the late nineteenth century from great persecutions as a result of the taxes imposed on them. The Korean suffering was mixed with the spread of nationalism in them as a result of the invasion of their country by the Japanese invaders, which was used by the founder of the Tongak to attract the masses to his belief, and the chain of command With which the Tongak organized itself, it made it an organization that did not end with the death of its leader, and this is what happened after the killing of the first founder, so the leadership transferred to his deputy, and then each province became the leader of the organization.
The peasant community was ready to rise up against the authorities, and indeed it made several attempts, but they failed, which was what the Tongak exploited and began to organize uprisings in which they participated even from outside the organization, and the Tongak succeeded in leading the first armed uprising in the history of Korea in 1894, and it was a cause of the Sino-Japanese war.

IN front of the changes and the development movement that all Australian settlements witnessed during the second half of the nineteenth century at all levels, it was imperative that the wheel of history take its course and that the settlements that obtained self-government in 1850 and became separate independent states represented the importance of unity between them to achieve economic well-being and political and security stability So it was necessary to unify these settlements under one banner, but this unity needed a person to lead the establishment of this union, and indeed this leader, Edmund Barton.
Barton was able to enter the arena of political life early, as he was able to win the seat of the Legislative Assembly for the settlement of New South Wales in 1879 AD, and failure in the elections that were held in 1877 AD to occupy the university seat in the Legislative Assembly did not prevent him from nominating and winning, but on the contrary, he nominated himself in the elections The Legislative City of Wellington won a seat for that city in 1880 AD and continued his hard work in the legislative field, and he became with extensive experience, qualifying him for the position of President of the Legislative Assembly.
Parton had the desire to establish a federation of Australian settlements affiliated with the British crown, and the nationalist impulse had a great influence on the emergence of this desire, given that Australian society witnessed the emergence of trade union and labor movements calling for union.

The concept of truth is one of the most widely circulated concepts, and one of the most controversial, which prompted thinkers to probe its depths, and the philosopher is among them more than making the truth his knowledge of it, as he did not stop asking about its possibility or possibility, and he did not stop envisioning the ways leading to it. And the discussion of the curriculum in philosophy comes in the plural form: Since there is no single specific method in philosophy for philosophical research and then truth-seeking, but philosophical approaches are many in their various formats, this means that if we enumerate the approaches to philosophical consideration, we will conclude with a large number that stems from the inventory. So,if the question of the relationship of truth to the method is one of the most pressing and present questions in modern philosophy, considering that the truth lies in the systematic discourse, and that the curriculum is the only guarantor of the unity of truth, and then progress and control over nature, then this relationship did not know a tension like what I knew in contemporary philosophy ; As it began to question its legitimacy, this happened when some philosophers declared that the necessary link between truth and methodology is unjustified, but the multiplicity of meaning (truth) is the prominent feature and the main requirement of contemporary philosophy, where diversity, difference and plurality of facts are guaranteed within the framework of the extracurricular vision.This article aims to investigate the problem of the relationship of truth to the curriculum, according to an analytical method, which monitors the moments of articulation between systematic and extracurricular discourse, whether in epistemology or hermeneutics.

The purpose of the research is to design a training program for the teachers of art education during the service in the General Directorate of Education in Babil Governorate. The researcher reached the following results: The design of a training program in the teaching of the assessment and measurement "educational competencies" The reason for the superiority of the experimental group which was studied according to the design of a training program on the control group, which was studied according to the usual method (lecture) with the subject of educational competencies, is due to the following reasons:

1. The application of tribal testing to each learner before the study of educational competencies helped determine the level of "student, teacher" and previous experiences, and this relates to the cognitive and skill.
2. The educational tools used and the accompanying activities of each unit, which were presented to the target group during the course of the education, raised their attention to learning the material.
3. The adoption of the theoretical foundations of the model "Cane" as a design framework for the training program contributed significantly to the acquisition of technical skills in the subject of educational competencies.
4. Achieving feedback and immediate reinforcement in each unit has made the learner make sure that it is comprehensible
In light of the findings and conclusions reached by the researcher, the following recommendations can be formulated:
1. Adopting the training program, which has been tested in terms of educational competencies, and focusing on the principle of observing individual differences between learners, because each learner represents a special case that does not match with others in education.
2. Work on the preparation of supplies and materials for learning technical skills in the subject of educational competencies.
3. To encourage the teachers of art education to use modern techniques to reduce the two-time effort to develop the capabilities of innovative thinking through the use of feedback, which reveals the capabilities of "students, teachers" to remember information and use it technically.
4. The skill of teaching art education requires a combination of theory and practice, so the emphasis on the training and preparation section to open continuous training courses for teachers to inform them of the most important educational, psychological and technological developments in order to serve the march of science and raise their teaching competencies.
5. Adopting modern methods in teaching and teaching, using educational designs and creating the appropriate educational environment, and providing appropriate material and human resources to ensure the development of the teaching of knowledge and technical skills.
To complete the research, the researcher proposes the following studies:
1. Building a measure of trends and trends of art education teachers towards the teaching methods of plastic materials.
2. Design a training program for teachers of art education to improve the Arabic calligraphy (the researcher started to work on it).

The weakness of the Abbasid Caliphate in the second Abbasid era (232-656 AH) led to the establishment of independent states in the Islamic Mashreq, distinguished by their close relations with them, their help in fighting their enemies, and their struggle to spread Islam in the country beyond the river. The independence of these countries has given them the freedom to have their own system and the fees that they follow in the conduct of their affairs. This research was concerned with a historical study of the fees for receiving messengers and delegations in the Ghaznavid state as a model for the independent Islamic countries of the Levant, addressing it by presentation, analysis, classification and distinction between its rituals and procedures, and the reasons for the sultans’ attention to it, and explaining what each of them means because it expresses the state’s sophistication, prestige, authority and close relations with its surroundings.
The research was divided into an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion. Where the first topic was: the independent states from the Abbasid state, where it addressed the definition of the independent states that were established in the Maghreb and the Islamic Mashreq in the Abbasid era, and the second requirement addressed the emergence of the Ghaznavid state.
As for the second topic: it also included two demands, namely the first requirement: the definition of fees and delegations, and the second requirement: the fees of the Ghaznavid state.
The research concluded with a list of sources and references.

The researchers mentioned that one of the most important causes of the Arab renaissance in the nineteenth century in its various intellectual orientations was to closely examine the findings of modern Western civilization, especially after the French occupation of Egypt and the Levant.
The thinkers were briefed on the intellectual and scientific developments in the various fields that France witnessed before and after its world revolution in 1789, and the various readings of that occupation in Egypt unite that it brought about a shock not in Egypt but in the Arab countries, especially in the Levant, and the evidence for that cooperation with France after its withdrawal and dispatch The scientific missions, the establishment of printing presses, and the unprecedented intellectual, cultural and educational activity in the Arab countries, so it was truly to be called the term Arab renaissance in all its different orientations.
The unprecedented openness to Western civilization represented three renaissance trends. The first called for benefiting from Western civilization without restriction or condition and trying to cut off from the nation’s past represented by the Ottoman Empire. Its most prominent features are backwardness, ignorance and tyranny.
The second trend read the topic in a different way and demanded reconciliation between heritage and the nation's past and benefiting from Western civilization in a way that suits the aspirations of the Arab countries in progress, advancement and catching up with civilization, while the third refused to benefit from Western civilization, considering it a material civilization whose most important purposes are to control the Arab countries, plunder their resources and obliterate their culture, especially Religious charges of atheism and infidelity were directed at the most prominent thinkers of the European Renaissance and those who strongly supported their ideas and demanded their application to the Arab countries.
The most important controversial issues resulting from renaissance thought are secularism, especially in its treatment of the system of governance, religion, politics, the principle of freedoms and human rights, and the first to address it a group of Arab Christian thinkers in the Levant This research paper discusses the ideas presented and discussed by a number of them away from sectarian affiliation and the saying of treason, blasphemy and atheism, and the search for their concern. Was it the concern of the whole nation to get rid of the consequences of ignorance, backwardness and tyranny? And the search for the common ones that unite us and stay away from what separates us? We are in dire need of a new intellectual renaissance that saves us from this hibernation, intellectual vacuum, and the tyranny of political and financial tyranny supported by the media to tear the nation apart more than it is torn apart. Therefore, we must benefit from the lessons and reviews of the Arab Renaissance in the nineteenth century, whose first important episodes are Christian thought and its renaissance vision.

The study revealed that the German-British political relations in East Africa during the period between 1871-1914 AD sometimes took a rapprochement between them, and at other times they diverged according to the circumstances facing each country and its political situations and according to what achieves their political and economic interests in this region.
The study clarified the nature of the German-British political relations towards East Africa in terms of tension, rapprochement, external factors affecting it, and the impact of the German-British competition in determining the foreign policy of the two countries. Britain followed a double policy towards Germany according to its colonial ambitions and the achievement of its political and economic interests in that region. Germany carried out its military plans and incursions into East Africa and controlled some important strategic islands that Britain prevented and used a remote policy by inciting the people of the region against Germany, which led to the tension of German-British political relations on the one hand, and on the other hand increased the intensity of German competition. - The British government to obtain the largest areas of colonies in East Africa to the conclusion of two agreements 1886 and 1890 that categorically settled the disputes between them, resolving the problems and dividing the territories in East Africa between them, which led to the strengthening of German-British political relations towards this region.
Political relations between Germany and Britain transformed from a peaceful one based on the bases of understanding, friendliness, respect and the conclusion of treaties that included dividing colonies in East Africa to war relations when the First World War broke out, which raised Britain's fear of Germany using their colonies as military bases and launching attacks on its forces stationed in this region. The Germans had the superior ability to put an end to the British hegemony, so the British were determined to strip the Germans from these colonies, by entering World War I and involving the African peoples and depleting their efforts and economic resources without taking into account their will, and then transferred the field of war to most parts of Africa itself, and the result was the defeat of Germany in this The war and the Germans deprived them of their African colonies, but these peoples did not enjoy the light of freedom after they were freed from the German yoke and entered the arena of British colonialism.
The study revealed that there are no lasting friendship between Germany and Britain. Rather, there are common interests, which are the basis for international political relations.

Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is considered one of the most important treasures of poetry in Persian literature, despite the circumstances that Persian literature went through, but it was not affected by those circumstances and remained immortal. On the other hand, from the first moment of writing this divan, Abu Al fath Bandari AL Isfahani sought to translate it. However, his translation has been suffered from some disadvantages and defects due to its cultural and social orientations, which made us focus in this study on analyzing the problems of Bandari's Arabic translation, especially the first volume of Shahnameh Ferdowsi according to Antoine Berman 's view in two axes: the band justifies the application of Berman's point of view. The theoretical dimension and the practical dimension. Theoretical dimension includes an overview of Berman's point of view and explanation some of the axes of his analytical study presented in the field of translation and translation problems such as transparency, rationality, redundancy and lack of quantitative richness. Furthermore, the applied dimension, it deals with the application of Berman's theory and the axes of his analytical study, including rationality, redundancy…ect, which will be clarified through the study of the cognitive translation of Bondari's book "Shahnameh" and Ferdowsi's "Shahnameh".
From the results of this study, it can be indicated that AL Bandari in Shahnameh translation was inclined towards the meaning or the connotation and the free translation. On the other hand, due to some national, cultural and ethnic prejudices, Bandari had deleted or changed some sections of the Shahnameh text (translated text). Thus the critic to examine its funny features and clarify its roots in an accurate way.

The present paper sheds light on an interesting phase of the creative poetic phases that is diminutive in the poetic texts of the Abbasid poet Ibn Al-Faridh. The researcher thinks that the diminutive, used by this poet, is divided into three kinds: the diminutive of proper noun, the diminutive of places, and the diminutive of times. Hence, by these kinds, one can identify the purpose of diminutive or the accurate meaning that can be captured. The study arrives at that diminutive has a particular representation in positions and a general representation used by the heritage books.
to proceed, the observer of Arabic poetry in the Abbasid era finds himself in front of a high literary language, which allows the recipient to fly in different atmospheres of beauty, in which he hunts what he wants from the various faces of creativity and the various secrets of rhetoric. The remarkable diminutive in the eyes of the recipient in the poetic texts of the Abbasid poet Ibn al-Farid, and the researcher believes that the diminutive according to Ibn al-Farid (d.632 AH) is divided into three pillars of which each corner has a special character, namely:
First: the diminutive of proper nouns particularly persons.
The second: diminutive of places.
Third: diminutive of the times.
In these places the purpose of diminutive or the meaning that it performs could be noticed, and it sound that diminutive has a special semantic meaning in some places and a general semantic meaning in other places. However, one of the indications that suggests the poet intention behind being very keen on his style of diminutive is expressed clearly in these lines of verse. He said: (Al Masrah)

The current research aimed to identify neurotic perfectionism among distinguished and ordinary students, and are there statistically significant differences in neurotic perfectionism among distinguished and ordinary students due to the gender variable (male, female), and are there statistically significant differences for self-differentiation between distinguished students and their peers, ordinary students, and to achieve the objectives of the research The researcher adopted a measure of neurotic perfectionism, which includes (44) items and four domains, which are (the first dimension is parental criticism and expectations, the second dimension is self-oriented perfectionism, the third dimension is socially acquired perfectionism, the fourth dimension is obsessive thoughts) and the number of the sample was (400) students. And a female student, with (200) distinguished students and (200) ordinary students. The scale was applied to four schools from the Babel Education Directorate, two schools for distinguished students and two schools for ordinary students. The following statistical methods were used (Alpha Cronbach coefficient - retest method - Pearson correlation coefficient - one-sample t-test - two independent samples t-test - Columgrove Samir-Nof test for one sample - Mann-Whitney test for two independent samples) The results showed that there is neurotic perfectionism among outstanding students and the absence of statistically significant differences in neurotic perfectionism among distinguished students according to the gender variable (male - female), and the absence of neurotic perfectionism among ordinary secondary school students and the absence of statistically significant differences in neurotic perfectionism Among ordinary secondary school students according to the gender variable (male - female) and there are statistically significant differences in neurotic perfectionism and in favor of distinguished students compared
to their normal peers

The research stems from the idea that the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Center is one of the main tools for coordination and planning in combating terrorism within the framework of the United Nations and at the global level, and for the sustainability of the work of the center, its geographical expansion and increasing its capacity building, it is necessary to look at the center’s performance. The development of a comprehensive strategy to combat terrorism is the basis for which the center was established, which cannot be seen as the main tool through which the center entered into the implementation of its inputs, and the fight against terrorism is achieved on the basis of controlling many issues such as controlling cross-border crimes and achieving Cyber security and control over the use of biological, nuclear and chemical weapons, and this is what makes the anti-terrorism implementation mechanism a difficult and complex work due to the interrelationship between all those factors mentioned, and because the center needs continuity that requires its members to provide logistical support and make double efforts in order to promote the center, Although there are strategies to combat terrorism established by the center, they must be subjected to continuous updating within multiple technical and intelligence mechanisms, and thus this can only be done through continuous cooperation between countries, and the form of this cooperation must also be surrounded by steps that include intellectual frameworks of relevant After global planning to limit terrorist groups and attacks and work to neutralize them on an ongoing basis.

The Proverbs are a summary of the experiences of societies and their diverse cultures in the formulation of a tight linguistic, semantic, and social formulation, and human languages may vary at the phonemic and structural level in expressing the same meaning, and here the status of a language appears over its counterparts, and the differences that characterize languages, even if the Arabic language It was marked by the revelation of the Noble Qur’an, but the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, urged the necessity of learning languages and proverbs and wisdom and their translation will continue to play a great role in the mutual communicative dialogue.
The extent of the semantic convergence between Persian and Arabic appeared through the study of selections from the book (Proverbs and Wisdom) by the author Enayat Allah Shahrani in the Persian language and its comparison with its Arabic counterparts; How the proverb was a cultural mediator, and a linguistic bureau; It has a cultural impact that extends through the ages.
The Persian proverbs - the subject of the study - topped the resemblance to the Arabic language, as they were used to express religion, traditions, and places.
It was also proven through the research sample that the proverbs represent a linguistic economy by performing the meaning in the shortest phrase without prejudice to the intended, because the symbolic significance of the proverb is simple in quantitative terms and overlapping from the structural side and the moral dimension. Bilingual.
Hence the difficulty of translating the proverb, considering its translation from literary translation, which includes metaphors, metaphors, metaphors, and similes that are difficult to transfer literally from one language to another while maintaining the accuracy of the meaning. The level of structure and structure Some elements of proverbs were found in both Persian and Arab cultures that are closely related to or exceed the class, social or religious dimension, according to the meaning of the proverb.

This research intends to present the topic (vision of the world) as one of the critical terms that have spread in recent decades, which is based on the study of the relationship between the creative work and the external world, away from the pictorial reflection, so the work of this central focus is focused primarily on the dialectic of the connection between the two texts. With its human dimension and society, depicting the group’s point of view in its struggle with reality with its aspirations, beliefs and cultures, and this vision was invested in Iraqi poetry after the occupation phase in explaining its position and vision towards the society in which it was born with all its changes and transformations, and its social class suffering.
So I took this poetic vision in the Iraqi poetic texts to show the images of society according to the harsh conditions that took its structure under it, and it suffered from its economic, political, cultural and religious dimensions. And genocides according to artistic semantic visions culminated in creative and aesthetic imagination. The poetic text also tended with its linguistic entity to lure the vocabulary and issues of the external reality with its social components, trying to produce a new formulation that represents that influential relationship between literary creativity and society with its different and diverse structures, especially the structure (poverty, death, deprivation, war, politics, occupation) that accompanied Society and developed in the successive stages of Iraq after 2003, so poetry was able to identify and interact with these issues and portray them with the most sensual and semantic perception that represents the social trend of poetry in a rhetorical manner interspersed with connotations and implications expressing the structure of society and its social structure.

Beni Aidel region falls within the eastern tribes geographically southeast of the Soumam vally .as for civilization despite its rural isolation due to its occurrence among several mountain ranges it has played an important role from ancient to the present day. It was a link between the north and the south and a commercial crossing point between the east and the west especially in the Middle Ages.Its importance increased further in the modern and contemporary period thanks to the religious and political leaderships established after the fall of the Hafsid state which allowed it to play important roles that extended to the goal of the Algerian liberation revolution and after independence in the stage of national construction.Tamokra is considered a model for rural Bejaia in Beni Aidel region this lost country the forgotten jewel despite its great contributions in all fields especially religious cultural political and social . Through the efforts of its scholars or religious and social institutions we mention the founder of its religious institute Sheikh Yahia el-Aidli during the ninth century migration .The fifteenth century AD after which on of his grandchildren Sheikh Mohamed Tahar Ait Aldjet resurreced during the thirties of the twentieth century with the beginnings of the cultural and reformist renaissance in Algeria.It is sufficient that her angle only after its destruction in May 1956 fell to the field of honor from her elders and requested more than one hundred martyrs .she also presented to serve the country after independence and her Sheikh who has exceeded a century is still a supervisor of the corner and a contracting teacher in the mosques of Algiers despite his retirement and also followed his method .His students are like Sheikh Dr.Mohamed Cherif Gaher- my God have mercy on him – and Cheikh Abu Abd-al-Salam Oulefqi and others.

Language is one of the most important factors of human communication since ancient times until the present time. It has gained special importance in studies and investigation. We note that most Western and Eastern scientists and philosophers have been interested in the sciences of logic and speech, so their names are associated with some types of linguistic sciences, including: Aristotle, Socrates, Plato, Al-Razi, Al-Farabi, ... and others. Hence, the reference was one of the concerns of scholars and linguists, and they left a lot of literature and antiquities on this subject. However, with the beginning of the last century, the subject of reference took on other importance and dimensions and became a turning point in all social fields (literary, linguistic, political, psychological, ...). Until it became a science called (signal science). To be the language under its shadows, and deals with all aspects of social life. With the beginnings of the second half of the last century, semiotic studies and their relationship to text and discourse gained the attention of scholars, researchers, and those interested in linguistic studies. The discourse, in its various forms and types: political, religious, literary, media and other discourses, was the main axis on which these studies are based. Hence our interest in semiotics and its role in analyzing the speech of proverbs as one of the types of discourse that bears different aspects of meaning and that may need high mental abilities to determine the realistic connotations in it through the context and temporal and spatial factors surrounding the public discourse. It is certain that the discourse is affected by the surrounding circumstances and derives its realistic connotations through the factors surrounding it, such as: psychological, social and cultural factors. Therefore, its connotations may change with changing circumstances surrounding it. Therefore, and in order to analyze the discourse, one can use the linguistic theories and phenomena such as intertextuality, deconstruction, deliberation and interpretation. This is what many researchers and those interested in text and discourse have adopted. But to study the speech of proverbs, especially in the spoken language, he may need a mechanism more than that to determine the real and true meaning of it. Since the proverb is a kind of metaphor and metaphor and carries with it the symbol and the sign, then it must be studied under the frameworks and theories of the science of sign or semiotics in general. And take advantage of the data of this science and apply them to the speech of proverbs, with the aforementioned tools of analysis.

Muhammad Taher al-Dabbagh is considered one of the educational symbols and the most prominent thinkers in the history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He set the basic blocks for the history of education in the Kingdom and was also considered one of the most prominent men in the era of Al-Hashemi. And because of his sincerity and honesty, he was assigned as a treasury secretary of Jeddah. After King Abdul Aziz bin Saud claimed the kingdom, Muhammad Taher al – Dabbagh was appointed as a director of knowledge and he provided services in the field of education. His role was not limited to education, as he had interests in the political side as well, and because of his good reputation, he was assigned in different political positions. He was appointed as a secretary of the National Hijazi Party during the reign of Al-Hashemi and also held the position of head of the Free Hijazi Party and was considered one of the most prominent figures of the aforementioned party. It is worth to mention that Mhammad Taher al –Dabbagh had multiple activities against King Abd Aziz A character like Muhammad Taher al-Dabbagh is worthy of study, although many researchers refrain from studying personalities in general under the pretext of the difficulty of obtaining real information about them. Especially if we know that the study of the historical personality that left an imprint in various aspects of life is no less important than the study of historical events. And Muhammad Taher al-Dabbagh is one of the people who had a clear role in the scientific and political life, so we chose this person to be the subject of our study The study necessitated dividing it into an introduction, three axes and a conclusion. The first axis dealt with his birth, upbringing and education, and the second axis was devoted to the educational and educational production of Muhammad Taher al-Dabbagh. The third axis focused on his political role and was divided into two parts: A- Muhammad Taher al-Dabbagh’s position on the Hijazi Hashemite conflict and his role in the Hijazi National Party b- his role in the Hijazi Liberal Party . It is clear from the above that the appointment of Muhammad Taher al-Dabbagh as director of knowledge by King Abdul Aziz, if it indicates anything, it indicates the extent of his possession of science and knowledge, in addition to that, the administrative positions he held in Mecca and Indonesia gave him experience and expertise in all educational and educational fields on the one hand and on the other. On the other hand, King Abdulaziz’s choice of a figure like Muhammad Taher al-Dabbagh for this position explains how cunning King Abdulaziz was, who wanted to contain the opposition by writing to its symbols and inviting them to return to their country to contribute to the country’s renaissance and stability. Moreover, King Abdulaziz believed that education is one of The main foundations for the foundations of a strong nation.

The research deals with Mandaean in two sections, the first in which we dealt with the linguistic concept of Mandaean and (Sabeans), as well as the location of the Mandaean language among the Semitic languages with illustrative tables for this language showing the Mandaean line between the lines of the different Semitic languages, while the second topic we dealt with the MandaeanSabeans and their mention in the Holy Quran and the sites of mention And to clarify those verses, as we dealt with their most important religious books and hymns and an explanation of some texts written in the Mandaean language with the translation set for them. For this region and its inhabitants and evidence of its fertility and the richness of its people in various religions, the research included some appendices that included pictures of the Mandaean sect as they performed their religious rituals and their various customs in this field, and it was found that their special dress on these religious and other occasions, the SabeanMandaeans have formed throughout history an important element of the elements Social cross-fertilization in Mesopotamia, and it is not easy for us to understand this period A story about the history of the Sabean-Mandaean sect in Iraq and the region, due to the depth of this history, as well as for several reasons in addition to what I mentioned earlier. We also relied, in writing this research, on the available sources we have from books and studies from those who preceded us in this field, and we have relied in understanding some things on the Holy Qur’an Referring to the SabeanMandaeans, great authors wrote on this subject and came up with a lot of knowledge, and the result may be to add something even simple to what they wrote and collected, that the cross-fertilization of civilization in Mesopotamia between different religions has been since ancient times and through this simplified presentation we have shed light On a rich cultural heritage represented in Mandaean)language, religion, customs, and traditions).

The current research deals with the diversity of ceramic shapes in the works of the Babylonian artists. The current research contains four chapters, the first chapter on the methodological framework of the research, which is represented by the research problem that emphasizes highlighting the diversity of ceramic shapes in the works of the Babylon potter and also includes the research objective which confirms the disclosure of The diversity of artistic forms among the potters of Babel Governorate. This study was limited to the ceramic shapes of the Babylonian potters, which were distinguished by their diversity and beauty.
The second chapter included the theoretical framework, previous studies and the most important indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework, where the first study dealt with the concept of formal diversity and the second topic dealt with contemporary ceramics in Babel Governorate. The results of the research, its conclusions, recommendations Which sheds light on the modern techniques used in contemporary ceramics, which have a great impact in the production of new artworks, thus achieving effective formal diversity and having a great role in the flourishing of the culture of the country, and the proposals that highlight the study of the diversity of shapes among the potters of the south and the study of the diversity of the ceramic shapes of the northern regions of Our beloved Iraq.
The researcher reached a number of results, including.
1. Babylon potters relied on diversity in size, color, mass, and texture to achieve formal diversity.
2. The Babylonian potter moved away from classical and traditional forms, heading towards unfamiliar shapes to achieve the expressive and aesthetic dimension.
3. Babylon potters differed in their artistic styles to achieve a variety of formality.
The researcher presented a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: -
1. Babylon potters moved away from stagnation and monotony through the formal diversity achieved in their works.
2. The abundance of production of Babylon potters, which was characterized by a variety of shapes.
The fourth chapter also included recommendations and suggestions.
The researcher gave a set of recommendations, the most important of which are:
The researcher recommends shedding light on the modern techniques used in contemporary ceramics, which have a great impact on the production of new works of art, thus achieving
an impressive and beautiful formal diversity, which has a major role in the flourishing of the country's culture.
The researcher gave some suggestions, the most important of which are:
1. A study of the diversity of forms among the potters of the south.
2. A study of the diversity of ceramic forms among the potters of the northern regions of our beloved Iraq.

This research is concerned with studying (the stylistic and aesthetic diversity of the ancient Egyptian columns) and it is located in four chapters. The first chapter is devoted to explaining the research problem, its importance, the need for it, the goal of the research and its limits. It dealt with the research problem in how the diversity of the executive methods of the ancient Egyptian columns and how the artist was able to link them with the values Aesthetic and whether they are intellectual references.
The second chapter contained the theoretical framework consisting of two sections. The first topic dealt with the concept of style and the second topic included diversity in ancient Egyptian architecture as a historical reference. Then comes the third chapter, which is concerned with research procedures, where the research community includes available models in specialized sources, books and magazines, and was chosen for a sample. The research has four models and the research method is the descriptive analytical approach. The researcher relied on the indicators of the theoretical framework in analyzing the samples, and the fourth chapter included the results of the research, including:
1- The columns in general constituted a high aesthetic diversity in documenting the architectural aspect and showed a clear mixture of engineering and sculptural elements, which helped to enhance the expressive power), conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.
2- Aesthetic diversity between the design style combined between painting and decorative sculpture.
The most notable conclusions are:
The emphasis on stylistic diversity at the formal level of the column, while preserving the essential content, helped translate the intellectual and philosophical aspects, which were not without the aesthetic aspect within the visible column form and through the halls, the plastic and expressive relations, which enhanced the stylistic diversity at the level of form and content Then it ended with recommendations and suggestions.

The phenomenon of illegal immigration has been distinguished from other phenomena by being a secret and mysterious phenomenon that carries many problems and repercussions on the receiving country or going through it, especially when linked to security, terrorism and sovereignty. Consequently, efforts should be intensified to combat and reduce them. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the reality of illegal immigration to Yemen, and to know the ways and ports through which it passes, and the policies related to its outrage, and to analyze its economic, social and political repercussions on the country.
Therefore, some methods, such as the historical method, were used to analyze and link the development of the problem from the past to the present, and we also relied on the descriptive analytical method to describe and analyze this phenomenon through quantitative and qualitative data collected through theoretical and field studies. They are betting their lives by making the decision to emigrate, as death follows them and accompanies them until the end of the journey, and illegal immigration has contributed to increasing the negative political, economic and social repercussions represented in destabilizing the economy, high unemployment rates in Yemen, the spread of crimes, forgery, fraud, theft, witchcraft, beggary and the emergence of many infectious diseases within society. Yemen, It also formed security and political chaos inside Yemen, as it contributed to the increase in armed groups and smuggling networks and the entry of extremist ideology into Yemen.
We also found through this study that illegal immigration to Yemen is no longer confined to the youth group, or to a specific gender, as women, children and the elderly have entered this field, and the policy adopted in Yemen to prevent the spread of the phenomenon remains ineffective because it is basically It is a precautionary measure, and on this basis, this phenomenon continues to follow an increasing and dangerous trend, and the country loses from it. Therefore, this study concluded with a set of recommendations, which in its entirety lead to the adoption of serious and decisive policies to combat and limit it.

The current study aimed to identify the impact of the short story for fourth and fifth graders of primary school on linguistic fluency in Arabic language.
To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher formulated the following hypothesis.
The current study was determined by the grammatical concepts in the Arabic language for the academic year (2017-2018) in primary schools in the Babil Education Directorate, for the fourth and fifth grades.
The research community consisted of students in the fourth and fifth grades of primary school who study Arabic in the schools affiliated to the General Directorate of Education in Babylon, for the academic year (2017-2018).
The School (Applications) was chosen in an intentional way, and it was chosen from the fourth and fifth grades of primary school, Division (B) to be the experimental group, and Division (A) was chosen to be the control group, where the number of students of Division (B) was (43) and the number of students of Division (A) (43) students.
The researcher himself studied the two research groups in the experiment, which lasted an entire semester, at the end of which he applied the two study tools, and the results showed the following:
The students of the experimental group who were taught according to the style of the short story outperformed the students of the control group who were taught according to the usual method in the subject of Arabic grammar.
In light of the findings of the current study, the researcher concluded a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

This research may observe manifestations of Deep Structure for being one of Chomsky’s stanchions in his Generative Transformative Theory in light of Sibawayh’s book concerning Analytical Syntactic fields which are: Classification Field, Working Field, Structural Field, Semantic Content Field, and Epistemological Field. These fields actually modernize this research and highlights its content and joints. In spite of the remarkable development of modern linguistics and being into sub-branches of verified and different schools and directions, this research finds it derives its vocabularies from Sibawayh’s book. Especially, when putting it in consideration that Chomsky had studied Arabic grammar, Sibawayh’s book, in a stage of his life; in which for Chomsky, the concept of Generative Theory and specifically the Deep Structure as being coincidental with what is mentioned in Sibawayh’s book was not something happening fortuitously. However, Sibawayh’s book had evidently echoed Chomsky’s perspectives. The concept of the Deep Structure for Sibawayh can be found in his Grammatical hypotheses in which he explicated the Arabian speeches under variant expressions like (Act without Words, Transitivity, In Place of, As if you said …) in addition to his other mechanisms of explication Sibawayh's use of an explanatory mechanism (as if you said) means that he moved from the linguistic surface to its depth to explain its meaning, and this is in common with Chomsky, who considered the deep structure to depict the latent meaning in the soul of the speaker in his mother tongue. Sibawayh revealed it with a certain explanatory mechanism.
We can employ the issue of origin and branch in Sibawayh with what Chomsky represents them in the deep structure and the superficial structure, on the basis that the original corresponds to the sub-structure and the sub-structure is the superficial structure of the transformers.

This study investigates one of the phenomena of modern literary criticism in poetry of Fadwa Toukan. Displacement is a phenomenon that is studied in linguistics and stylistics. It is an artistic technique that poets use to express their emotional experience, and it has an aesthetic role that contributes to drawing the reader's attention and then influencing it and conveying it to the enjoyment and pleasure and conveying the message that the discourse wants. It should be noted that the displacements are divided into several forms, the most prominent of which is the semantic shift that most modern stylistic studies have been interested in and stands for the aesthetics of rhetorical images that inspire tenderness and enjoyment in the reader. Dawi Toukan is one of the contemporary poets who wanted to violate the rules of the ordinary language and revolted against its restrictions. The shift is evident in her poetry through the creativity of strange images that violate the language and its rules, and this breach gave its literary or poetic text. This study seeks to shed light on this phenomenon in Fadawi Toukan's poetry, where it studies the semantic shift represented in the metaphor, simile, symbol and correspondent images in her poetry.
It will become evident to the reader at the end of this article that the poetess has been able to steadily use the semantic shift to create and beautify the poetic image. The result of this study indicates that the poetess Fadoui Toukan has begged with variants of semantic displacement, because of its great importance in building resistance poetry and its artistic beauty. Including: 1 - the poetic image 2 - the avatar 3 - the senses correspond to a departure from the standard. Fadoui Toukan's tendency to semantic displacement and the use of her powerful imagination highlights her imaginative ability to employ the expressive energy inherent in ordinary languages, which deviates from its logic in many cases and breaks into the familiar context.