Ibn Al-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences

Three monogeneans: Dactylogyrus folkmanovae from gills of Chondrostoma
regium, D. reinii from gills of Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi and D. robustus from gills
of Leuciscus vorax were collected from Diyala River in Diyala Province. The
description, measurements and illustrations of these parasites were given.

Objective: The present study investigated the effects of different dose levels of Zinc oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the liver and kidney tissues in albino male mice. Methadology: ZnO NPs was administrated as a daily oral dose of (150, 350 mg/kg body weight) gavage for 2 weeks. Eighteen male mices were used by dividing them into three groups. Result: Histopathological examination of kidney and hepatic tissues treated with ZnO NPs showed toxicity changes compared with control group. Conclusion:This study demonstrated the ability of ZnO NPs to effect on kidney and liver tissues. Recommendation: More study needed to know the effect of different doses of nanoparticles on human health.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common microvascular complication that may lead
to chronic renal failure in diabetic patients. Till now microalbuminuria, with its restrictions, is
the early marker of DN, appeared after the disease exacerbation. Thus, new biomarkers are
required to predict the early onset of DN before the appearance of microalbuminuria. The aim
of this study is to investigate the possible use of uVDBP in the early prediction of DN. Fifty
diabetic patients with DN and 40 diabetic patients without DN for both types of diabetes were
enrolled in this study. All patients were tested for uACR, uVDBP (measured by ELISA), and
blood HbA1c. The results demonstrated a highly significant elevation of uACR, HbA1c and
uVDBP in diabetic patients with DN compared to those without DN. uVDBP exhibited a
strong positive correlation with HbA1c and uACR in DN patients. ROC curve analysis
showed a greater AUC (0.93), and cutoff value was >152 ng/ml with 94% sensitivity and 82%
specificity for early detection of DN. These findings suggesting the sensitive and potential
role of uVDBP in the early prediction and diagnosis of DN in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common gram negative rod – shaped bacterium, a species of considerable medical importance, P. aeruginosa is prototypical "multi drug resistant (MDR) Pathogen" that is recognised for its ubiquity, its intrinsically advanced antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and its associatation with serious illnesses – especially nosocomial infection such as ventilator – associated pneumonia and various sepsis syndromes. This study was conducted from March 2014 to July 2014, the patients were males and females. Total samples of 613 patients, selected from burns wards and general surgery wards, the samples were sending to teaching laboratories from the same hospital. The present study showed that the prevalence of sensitivity revealed that amikacin had the highest sensitivity (89,6%), followed by cefotaxime (66.2%), the optimal aminoglycosides in combination therapy with B-lactams was amikacin, followed by tobramycin and gentamycin, highest sensitivity rate showed that (95.2%) was found in the combination of amikacin with imipenem and piperacillin, (71.4%) were amikacin combination with cefotaxime ,(85.7%) were gentamycin with piperacillin , (71.4%) were gentamycin with cefotaxime, (95.2%) were tobramycin with piperacillin,(76.2%)were tobramycin with carbenicillin, resistance of bacterials associated with reduced aminoglycoside accumulation the current study indicated that pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most prevalent in burns and general surgery infection, these infections generally require treatment with a combination of antimicrobials inoder to achieve a greater baetericidal effect and reduce the levels of resistance.

The current study was designed to investigate the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in thirty two samples of fish feedstuff were collected randomly from some Iraqi local markets using ELISA technique. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in thirty samples and the concentration of toxin ranged from 50 ppb to 1000 ppb.
Microwave and ozone were used for detoxification of aflatoxin B1 from sample with highest concentration (1000 ppb), two degree of temperature and two times (50°C and 100°C for 5 minute and 10 minute to each degree) of microwave, also two doses and two times (2 g and 4 g for 5 minute and 10 minute to each dose) of ozone gas were used.
Degradation of aflatoxin B1 by microwave has been found to cause a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease of aflatoxin B1, Moreover, the concentration of aflatoxin B1 was dependent on temperature degrees and exposure time, also sample subjected to ozone gas caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in aflatoxin B1 contents and the concentration of aflatoxin B1 was dependent on doses and times of exposure. Results showed that ozone gas was more effective in aflatoxin B1 reduction when compared with microwave.

e Silver1Indium1Selenide (AgInSe2) (AIS) thin1films of (3001±20) nm thickness have
been1prepared2from the compound alloys2using thermal evaporation2 technique onto the
glass2substrate at room temperature, with a deposition rate2(3±0.1) nm2sec-1.
The2structural, optical and electrical3properties have been studied3at different
annealing3temperatures (Ta=450, 550 and 650) K.
The amount3or (concentration) of the elements3(Ag, In, Se) in the prepared alloy3was verified
using an energy dispersive3x-ray spectrometer (EDS)3technology. X-ray diffraction3analysis
shows that AIS alloy prepared as (powder) and the thin films3are polycrystalline of
tetragonal3structure with preferential orientation3(112). The crystalline3size increases as a
function3of annealing temperature. The atomic force3microscope (AFM) technique was used
to examine3the topography and estimate3the surface roughness, also the average grain3size of
the films. The results show3that the grain size increases3with annealing3temperature.
The optical4band gap of the films lies4in the range 1.6-1.9 eV. The films4appear to be4n-type
indicating that the electrons4as a dominant charge4carrier. The electrical
conductivity4increases with a corresponding4increase in annealing4temperature.

The ZnTe alloy was prepared as deposited thin films on the glass substrates at a
thickness of 400±20 nm using vacuum evaporation technique at pressure (1 × 10-5)
mbar and room temperature. Then the thin films under vacuum (2 × 10-3 mbar) were
annealing at (RT,100 and 300) °C for one hour. The structural properties were studied
by using X-ray diffraction and AFM, the results show that the thin films had
approached the single crystalline in the direction (111) as preferred orientation of the
structure zinc-blende for cubic type, with small peaks of tellurium (Te) element for all
prepared thin films. The calculated crystallite size (Cs) decreased with the increase in
the annealing temperature, from (25) nm before the annealing to (21) nm after the
annealing. The images of atomic force microscopy of all thin films appeared a
homogenous structure and high smoothness through roughness values that increased
slightly from (1.4) nm to (3.4) nm. The optical properties of the ZnTe at (RT,100 and
300) °C were studied transmittance and absorbance spectrum as a function of the
wavelength. The energy gap was found about (2.4) eV for the thin films before the
annealing and increased slightly to (2.5) eV after annealing at 300 °C

Kinetic experiments were performed to induce of the green methyl dye adsorption from
aqueous solution on the bauxite clay. This study includes determination of the adsorption
capacity of bauxite clay to methyl green dye adsorption and study the effect of some
parameters ( temperature , time ) on the kinetic of the adsorption process of the dye were
studied. Quantity of dye adsorbed was increased when the temperature increases from 298 to
318K which indicates that methyl green adsorption processes are endothermic nature. In order
to describe the kinetic data and the rate adsorption constants of the pseudo-first-order and
second-order kinetics were used. The kinetics data were applied well with the second-order
kinetic model. From activation energy value (Ea) for methyl green dye are energetically
favorable and the dye adsorption includes physical and chemical adsorption types.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most endocrine disorder common effect (5-10) %
in women at reproductive age. Thyroid dysfunction with PCOS is both representing parts of
the endocrine system; this link leads to problems of ovulation and pregnancy. Aims: to
investigate the prevalence of thyroid disorder in PCOS woman, and associate the outcome
with obesity. This study was conducted in Al-batol Teaching Hospital in Baquba City /Iraq.
The results reviewed included 63 women: 45 PCOS were diagnosed on the basis of Rotterdam
criteria, 18 as control, aged 17- 44 year. The samples have been collected at second day of
menstrual cycle, to test fT3, fT4, fTSH in serum. Information was collected for (Age, BMI,
LH, and FSH) to be part of this study. A significant increasing in fT3 was found in PCOS
women comparison with control pvalue<0.05. T3 showed in significant differences between
lean PCOS matched against control Pvalue > 0.05, along with statistically increasing of TSH
level in (lean, overweight) PCOS comparison with control pvalue˂0.05. Conclusion: PCOS is
associated with hypothyroidism. Obesity or overweight is a key factor leads to increased risk
of thyroid disorder.

By using precipitation polymerization, liquid electrodes of polymers imprinted with
Mebeverine hydrochloride and metronidazole benzoate were created whereas the imprinted
polymer (MIP) and non-imprinted (NIP) polymers were prepared by using Mebeverine
hydrochloride and Metronidazole benzoate qua a template. In the polymerization process, 2-
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane Sulphonic acid (AMPS) or 1-Vinylimidazole (VIZ) was used
qua monomer, pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETRA) or Divinylbanzene (DVB) was used qua a
cross-linker while benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was used as an initiator. The MIP membranes and the
membranes of NIP were created by using Dibutyl Sebacate (DBS) and Tris(2-ethylhexyl)
phosphate(TEHP) qua plasticizers in PVC matrix. The response time of the liquid electrodes was
1min. whereas their slopes and detection limits reached to 19.62 – 57.36 mV per decade and 1.2
x 10-6 – 2.0 x 10-5 M, respectively. Filling with standard solution of drug (0.1M), the liquid
electrodes response -with suitable No. (selectivity for numerous of species - was suitable No.
(since pH reached to 1.5 – 12. The developed electrodes were successfully applied for the
analyte determination in preparation pharmaceutical sample without any time consuming
pretreatment steps.

Synthesis ,characterization of new mono and twin compounds containing heterocyclic four
member ring as, 1,3- diazetine by four steps. The first step; includes preparation of 2- amino
thiazole derivatives [I]a-c via ring closure reaction between acetophenone derivatives with
thiourea in I2, while the second step includes condensation reaction between 2-amino thaizole
derivatives[I]a-c and p-methoxy benzaldehyde to produce Schiff bases[II]a-c. The third step
includes neculophilic attach from imine group toacetyl chloride to give N- acetyl cross
bonding[III]a-c.Finally ; the fourth step is completed by the reaction of N- acetyl derivatives
with sodium azide (NaN3) to yield new 1,3-diazetines. The synthesized compounds were
characterized byNMR and IR spectroscopy. The study of liquid crystalline behaviour was
carried out using optical polarising microscopy (OPM) and some of them by differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC). All compounds were synthesized which showed liquid
crystalline properties on heating

Two tetradentate ligands type (N2O2) and their complexes with CoII, NiII and ZnII ions were
synthesized via two steps; in the first, the precursors W1 and W2 were synthesized from the
reaction of 2,6-diamine pyridine or 2,4-diamine tolylene with 2,5-hexanedione respectively in
a 2:1 mole ratio. In the second step the ligands [H2L1] and [H2L2] were prepared from the
reaction of the two precursor’s with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde in 1:2 mole ratio. Metal
complexes were synthesized by the reaction of the ligands with equivalent amounts of the metal
chloride. The prepared compounds were characterized with the physiochemical and spectral
techniques which confirmed tetrahedral structure around the metal ions. The antibacterial activity
of the ligands and complexes were screened.

Simple, economic and sensitive mathematical spectrophotometric methods were developed
for the estimation 4-aminoantipyrine in presence of its acidic product. The estimation of
binary mixture 4-aminoantipyrine and its acidic product was achieved by first derivative and
second derivative spectrophotometric methods by applying zero-crossing at (valley 255.9nm
and 234.5nm) for 4-aminoantipyrine and (peak 243.3 nm and 227.3nm) for acidic product.
The value of coefficient of determination for the liner graphs were not less than 0.996 and the
recovery percentage were found to be in the range from 96.555 to 102.160. Normal ratio
spectrophotometric method 0DD was used 50 mg/l acidic product as a divisor and then
measured at 299.9 nm with correlation coefficient 0.998 and limit of detection 0.04098. ratio
derivative methods 1DD and 2DD; are based on measuring the first derivative and second
derivative for normal ratio spectrum at (peak 290.7 nm and valley 310 nm) for 1DD and (peak
286, valley 301 and peak 316nm) for 2DD the correlation coefficient for linearity graph not
less than 0.997 and the recovery percentage were found to be in the range from 99.64 to
100.11.

The accreditation of a fast, inexpensive, and simple way to discriminate between different
kinds of oils and their efficacy “degree of consumption (DoC)” has been developed. The
fluorescence spectroscopy provides a reliable method for oil inspection without resorting to
tedious separation.
Different new and used oil samples available in the local Iraqi market were investigated.
While the challenge is to build a directory containing data of all the oils available in the local
market. This method expected to control the falsified (forged) trademarks of motor oils and to
discriminate between different oils.
The excitation-emission spectra of oil samples were determined in the range of 200 – 600 nm.
The effect of the presence of trace metals on the fluorescence intensity of oils was considered
by adding few milligrams of (Cu, Al, Fe) to the diluted oil solution. No major effect noticed
on fluorescence intensity.
The research suggests installing a simple Spectrofluorometer into vehicles to check the DoC
of the oil regularly and to notify the driver exactly when to replace the engine oil.
The obtained results indicate the applicability to execute such gadget to be installed in the
vehicles for routine detection of the engine oil quality and its degree of consumption DoC. As
well as demonstrate the potential of the technique in oil identification and could be further
developed.

PVA and chitosan biodegradable, non-toxic, biocompatible polymers convenient for use in
drug release.
In this study polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS) hydrogels crosslinked with
glutaraldehyde (GA) with different ratio morphology and structure characterization
interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). They were investigated by Fourier transmission
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-Visible
spectrophotometer, swelling of hydrogel and drug release were studied by changing
crosslinking ratio and PH.

This study was aimed to determine bone formation markers (OST and BALP) and lysyl
oxidase in diabetes and non-diabetes Iraqi acromegaly patients in addition to find the
relationship among these parameters. The present study conducted 60 acromegalic patients
(30 diabetes & 30 non diabetes) attending National Diabetes Center / AL-Mustansiriya
University/Baghdad, and 30 healthy individuals as a control group aged (35-60) years. All
patients were administrated Sandostatin drug, and they were diagnosed by physician in the
hospital.FBG, GH, IGF-1, OST, BALP, and LOX were determined in all groups. The results
showed a highly significant rise in all parameters (GH, IGF-1, FBG, OST, BALP, and LOX
values in serum of all patients when compared with normal individuals. There were some
positive highly significant correlations for lysyl oxidase with osteocalcin and a positive
significant with BALP in acromegalic patients. We concluded that lysyl oxidase may be a
novel biomarkers in endocrine diseases like acromegaly

Because of the conservation problems causes by the existence of water hyacinth (W.H) as
an watery plant in water bodies of Iraq, our study aimed to make use of (W.H) by isolation of
microcrystalline cellulose, and a new method of preparation of Nano crystalline cellulose.
Microcrystalline cellulose was produced using base bleaching method by sodium hypochlorite
[NaOCl] to remove unorganized region of cellulose and lignin to create particles comprising
of micro crystal and preparing of Nano crystalline cellulose from microcrystalline cellulose
by acid hydrolysis and ultrasonic treatment. The Nano crystalline and microcrystalline
cellulose characterized by AFM, FTIR, XRD and TGA. FT-IR spectra of microcrystalline
cellules and Nano crystalline cellulose show peaks at (1076.28, 1058.92) cm-1 and (1118.71,
1112.93) cm-1 refer to the stretching vibration of C–O and stretching vibration
intermolecular ester bonding.
The AFM image shows that isolated microcrystalline cellulose have a diameter of
(141.37 nm) and the prepared Nano crystalline have a diameter of (87.39 nm). The Thermo
gravimetric analysis of cellulose showed a high decomposition temperature at (283°C) for
microcrystalline cellulose and (253)°C for Nano crystalline cellulose .The thermal stability of
microcrystalline cellulose was more than Nano crystalline cellulose XRD result possessed a
segal crystallinity index of 92.8 % and a average crystal size of 41.7 A ° for Nano crystalline
cellulose and a Segal Crystallinity Index of 86.4 % and a average crystal size of 55.3°A of
microcrystalline cellulose.

In this study new derivatives of Schiff bases 5-8 , 1,3- oxazepine 9-16 and tetrazoles 17-
19 have been synthesized from the new starting material 1 which has synthesized the reaction
of one mole of dichloro acetic acid and two moles of thiophenol , the esters 2-3 were
synthesized from the reaction of compound 1 with methanol or ethanol respectively in the
presence of H2SO4 as catalyst then 2,2-dithiophenylaceto Hydrazide 4 were synthesized from
the reaction of 2 or 3 with hydrazine hydrate 80 % , Schiff bases 5-8 were synthesized from the
reaction of 4 with appropriate aldehyde or ketone .Treatment of Schiff bases with maleic and
phathalic anhydride in dry benzene to give 1,3-oxazepen derivatives 9-16 and with sodium
azide in tetrahydrofuran (THF) afforded tetrazole derivatives 17-19. All these compounds have
been characterized from their melting pointes, FTIR, 1HNMR and compounds 1,5 and 18 by
mass spectrometry. Derivatives 6,7,11,16,17 and 18 were tested against inhibition of E. coli and.
Staphylococcus- aureus and were all funds to be active. Scheme (1).

The aim of this work presents the analytical studies of both the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flux
and flow of the non-magnetohydro dynamic (MHD) for a fluid of generalized Burgers’ (GB)
withinan annular pipe submitted under Sinusoidal Pressure (SP)gradient. Closed beginning
velocity's' solutions are taken by performing the finite Hankel transform (FHT) and Laplace
transform (LT) of the successivefraction derivatives. Lastly, the figures were planned to exhibition
the transformations effects of different fractional parameters (DFP) on the profile of velocity of
both flows.

In the presence of multi-collinearity problem, the parameter estimation method based on
the ordinary least squares procedure is unsatisfactory. In 1970, Hoerl and Kennard insert an
alternative method labeled as estimator of ridge regression.
In such estimator, ridge parameter plays an important role in estimation. Various methods
were proposed by many statisticians to select the biasing constant (ridge parameter). Another
popular method that is used to deal with the multi-collinearity problem is the principal
component method. In this paper, we employ the simulation technique to compare the
performance of principal component estimator with some types of ordinary ridge regression
estimators based on the value of the biasing constant (ridge parameter). The mean square
error (MSE) is used as a criterion to assess the performance of such estimators

In this paper generalized spline method is used for solving linear system of fractional
integro-differential equation approximately. The suggested method reduces the system to
system of linear algebraic equations. Different orders of fractional derivative for test example
is given in this paper to show the accuracy and applicability of the presented method.

Hiding secret information in the image is a challenging and painstaking task in computer
security and steganography system. Certainly, the absolute intricacy of attacks to security
system makes it more attractive.in this research on steganography system involving
information hiding, Huffman codding used to compress the secret code before embedding
which provide high capacity and some security. Fibonacci decomposition used to represent
the pixels in the cover image, which increase the robustness of the system. One byte used for
mapping all the pixels properties. This makes the PSNR of the system higher due to random
distribution of embedded bits. Finally, three kinds of evaluation are applied such as PSNR,
chi-square attack, and HVS attack.

The concept of implementing e-government systems is growing widely all around the world
and becoming an interest to all governments. However, governments are still seeking for
effective ways to implement e-government systems properly and successfully. As services of
e-government increased and citizens’ demands expand, the e-government systems become
costlier to satisfy the growing needs. The cloud computing is a technique that has been
discussed lately as a solution to overcome some problems that an e-government
implementation or expansion is going through. This paper is a proposal of a new model for egovernment
on basis of cloud computing. E-Government Public Cloud Model EGPCM, for egovernment
is related to public cloud computing.

Computer software is frequently used for medical decision support systems in different
areas. Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) are widely used images for brain classification
issue. This paper presents an improved method for brain classification of MRI images. The
proposed method contains three phases, which are, feature extraction, dimensionality
reduction, and an improved classification technique. In the first phase, the features of MRI
images are obtained by discrete wavelet transform (DWT). In the second phase, the features
of MRI images have been reduced, using principal component analysis (PCA). In the last
(third) stage, an improved classifier is developed. In the proposed classifier, Dragonfly
algorithm is used instead of backpropagation as training algorithm for artificial neural
network (ANN). Some other recent training-based Neural Networks, SVM, and KNN
classifiers are used for comparison with the proposed classifier. The classifiers are utilized to
classify image as normal or abnormal MRI human brain image. The results show that the
proposed classifier is outperformed the other competing classifiers.

E-Health care system is one of the great technology enhancements via using medical devices
through sensors worn or implanted in the patient's body. Wireless Body Area Network
(WBAN) offers astonishing help through wireless transmission of patient's data using agreed
distance in which it keeps patient's status always controlled by regular transmitting of vital
data indications to the receiver. Security and privacy is a major concern in terms of data sent
from WBAN and biological sensors. Several algorithms have been proposed through many
hypotheses in order to find optimum solutions. In this paper, an encrypting algorithm has been
proposed via using hyper-chaotic Zhou system where it provides high security, privacy,
efficiency and capacity in terms of long key space that ensures high resistance possibly
obtained by any threat attack, key sensitivity is too high to any slight of change could be made
in the encryption key and finally good statistical characteristic's analysis where the software
has been used is Microsoft visual studio version 10.

With the fast progress of information technology and the computer networks, it becomes
very easy to reproduce and share the geospatial data due to its digital styles. Therefore, the
usage of geospatial data suffers from various problems such as data authentication, ownership
proffering, and illegal copying, etc. These problems can represent the big challenge to future
uses of the geospatial data. This paper introduces a new watermarking scheme to ensure the
copyright protection of the digital vector map. The main idea of proposed scheme is based on
transforming the digital map to frequently domain using the Singular Value Decomposition
(SVD) in order to determine suitable areas to insert the watermark data. The digital map is
separated into the isolated parts. Watermark data are embedded within the nominated
magnitudes in each part when satisfied the definite criteria. The efficiency of proposed
watermarking scheme is assessed within statistical measures based on two factors which are
fidelity and robustness. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed watermarking scheme
representing ideal tradeoff for disagreement issue between distortion amount and robustness.
Also, the proposed scheme shows robust resistance for many kinds of attacks

Graphene oxide GO was functionalized with 4-amino, 3-substituted 1H, 1, 2, 4 Triazole
5(4H) thion (ASTT) to obtain GOT. GOT characterized by FT-IR, XRD.via modification of
the working electrode of the SPCE with the prepared nanomaterial (GOT) the effect of scan
rate and pH on the determination of Amoxilline (AMOX) was studied using cyclic
voltammetry. AMOX show various responses at pH ranging from 2 to 7 and also was
observed sharp increase in the oxidation peaks in the pH 3. The formal potential (midpoint)
for AMOX was highly pH-dependent. From the effect of scan rate, surface coverage
concentration Γ of electroactive species the values of the electron transfer coefficient and the
electron transfer constant rate ket was obtained as 5.39×10-10 molcm-2, 0.5, and 2.45×10-3
cm.s-1respectively.