Ibn Al-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences

Diarrhea is an important public health problem worldwide, several causes associated with
diarrhea especially in population live under poverty and unsafe water use. Different methods
are available and use in diagnosis. This study was carried out to compare of various
techniques for Giardia lamblia detection and study the association with E coil and Shigella in
patients with diarrhea. A total of 100 children with diarrhoea were enrolled into the study, 57
were males and 43 were females, aged from 2 months -16 years were attendant to AL-Imamin
AL-Kadhimin Medical City, during the period from May 2014 to February 2015. Stool
samples were collected and analysed for Giardia lamblia presence by used light microscopy,
enzyme linked immunosorbant assay and polymerase chain reaction as well as used bacterial
culture and one-step colored chromatographic immunoassay for E coil and Shigella detection.
Socio-demographic features of the study subjects were also included. Parasitic infection was
the most common than bacterial infection. Most intestinal infection was recorded in age group
5-10 years and among males. Comparative analysis of various techniques for Giardia lamblia
detection show that microscopy detected only 24 cases, while enzyme linked immunosorbant
assay detected 32 cases. However, polymerase chain reaction assay detected 42 cases.
Statistical analysis showed significant differences. The sensitivities were 57.14% for
microscopy and 76.19% for enzyme linked immunosorbant assay, whereas polymerase chain
reaction assay had sensitivity of 100% (42/42) and specificity was100%. Bacterial culture and
immunochromatography assay show positive result for E. coli (12%), and Shigella (6%). Coinfection between three microorganisms which revealed that 5 patients with Giardia lamblia
positive test had co-infection with E. coli and 4 patients with Giardia lamblia positive test had
co-infection with Shigella. Polymerase chain reaction highly sensitive and specific than other
methods for Giardia lamblia detection, direct examination exhibited many false positive and
negative results with parasitic infection.

In current study, the dye from flowers petals of Strelitzia reginae used for the first time
to prepare natural photosensitizer for DSSC fabrication. Among five different solvents used to
extract the natural dye from S. reginae flowers, the ethanol extract of anthocyanin dye
revealed higher absorption spectrum of 0.757a.u. at wavelength of 454nm. A major effect of
temperature was studied to increase the extraction yield. The results show that the optimal
temperature was 70 °C and there was a sharp decrease of dye concentration from 0.827 at
temperature of 70 °C to 0.521 at temperature of 90°C. The extract solution of flowers of S.
reginae showed higher concentration in acidic media, especially at pH 4 (0.902). The C, H, N
elemental analyses of natural extract showed the presence of N (10.52%), C (18.97%) and H
(2.229%) contents. The presence of anthocyanin in the extract of S. reginae and their
functional groups were determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fourier-Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The optical properties of deposited TiO2 thin film were studied
using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). In Addition, other
confirmation that dye supported surface of TiO2, inhibition of crystallinity of TiO2 was
investigated by the Energy Disperse X-ray (EDX) analysis. According to experimental
results, the conversion efficiency of DSSC fabricated using anthocyanin dye obtained from S.
reginae flowers was 0.1%, with short-circuit current (Isc) of 0.6 mA/cm-2, open-circuit voltage
(Voc) of 0.51 V and fill factor (FF) of 36.83%.

Current study obtained (75) isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from different
cases included: 28 isolates from otitis media, 23 isolates from burn infections, 10 isolates
from wound infections, 8 isolates from urinary tract infections and 6 isolates from blood,
during the period between 1/9/2014 to 1/11/2014
The result revealed that the tox A gene was present in 54 isolates (72%) of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa. The gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of tox A gene was 352
bp. The result shows 17 isolates (60.71%) from otitis media has tox A gene, 18 isolates
(78.26%) from burn followed by 8 isolate (80%) from wound infection and 5 isolates (62.5%)
from urinary tract infection, finally 6 isolates (100%) from blood have this gene.

The new antiepileptic drugs, levetiracetam (LEV), are used to treat tonic-clonic seizures
and myoclonic seizures in adults and children. Thirty pregnant rats were enrolled, which were
divided into two groups A control (10), B treated (20). Group (A) were given distilled water
orally for 15 days of pregnancy period. The other group was subdivided into two subgroups
B1, B2 (each with 10 rats), which were treated with LEV for 14 days for subgroup (B1) and 15
days for the other subgroup (B2). The drug (350 mg/kg/day) is administered orally. Based on
our results there was damage in the kidney due to the toxicity of the drug. The
histopathological effects are represented by damage of cortical glomeruli in which there were
hemorrhage, shrinking, accumulation of glomerular cells, and enlargement of capsular space.
Severe malformations in the kidney were observed when the drug is used constantly during
the organogenesis stages of pregnancy.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of sesame oil on lipid profile and liver
enzyme in male albino rats treated with Carbone tetrachloride (CCl4).
Forty adult male rats were divided into four equal groups, first group was daily
administrated with tap water, the second group was injected with CCl4 (80mg/kg.BW/day),
the third group was administrated with sesame oil (150mg/kg.BW/day) and the fourth
group was injected with CCl4 (80mg/kg.BW/day) and was administrated with sesame oil
(150 mg /kg.BW /day) for 30 days. The statistical results of the present study showed a
significant (p<0.05) increase in the level of cholesterol , triglycerides and Low density
lipoprotein (LDL) in the group treated with CCl4 compared with control group, also a
significant (p<0.05) increase in the level of liver enzymes Aspartate aminotransferase
(AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , no difference on High density lipoprotein
(HDL) level .The fourth group that was administrated with sesame oil and injected with
CCl4 showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the level of cholesterol, triglyceride , LDL
and also a significant (p<0.05) decrease in liver enzymes Aspartate aminotransferase
(AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) compared with the group that injected with
Carbone tetrachloride CCl4.

Early diagnosis of sepsis is a very critical matter especially for soldiers in battle field; on the other
hand, Procalcitonin is a new promising biomarker for fast and accurate diagnosis of sepsis. The aim of
this study is to investigate the ability of Procalcitonin (PCT) to indicate sepsis earlier than blood culture
and other traditional biomarkers and then get use of this in early diagnosis of sepsis.Procalcitonin
concentration was measured in 44 sera of Iraqi wounded soldiers who were admitted to GHAZI ALHARIRI Hospital for surgery, using ELISA kit of BioRay/USA, along with blood culture and other
infection biomarker like C-reactive protein, ESR, W.B.C. count. Six patients had elevated PCT and 3 of
them had positive blood culture, two of these three died. PCT has good correlation with other
inflammatory biomarkers. It is our recommendation to accredit PCT as a very early biomarker of sepsis
in Iraqi hospitals along with blood culture but earlier than it, and to use the quick test of PCT in battlefield
to determine the priority of transmission of wounded soldiers to hospitals.

The Ciliophoran Trichodina magna Van As and Basson, 1989 is recorded for the first
time in in Iraq from gills of the blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864) Iraq
from Al-Graiat location on the Tigris River at Baghdad city. The description and
measurements of this external parasite as well as its illustrations are given.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death throughout the world. Breast cancer, is
one of the leading mortality reasons in women from Western Countries, in Iraq, breast
cancer is the second reason of death after cardiovascular Diseases.
The study was carried out of period from October/2016-january /2017 and included (90)
serum samples for Iraqi women suffered from breast cancer. Samples were divided into
two groups, the first group included (66) patients (females) their age rang (22-55) years
which attended to (tumor unit) at medical city educational oncology hospital and Al-Amal
Al-Waatanii hospital in Baghdad, the second group included (38) for females apparently
healthy their age (22-55) were studied as a control group. All patients women which
included in this study were enrolled to a diagnostic criteria which made according to
clinical, mamografical, histological finding. All of them were early diagnosed (without
treatment). The disease was diagnosed by consultant medical staff at the hospital. Three
(3ml) of peripheral blood has been drawn from both understudying groups, serum isolated
and placed in Eppendorf tube in deep freeze (-20) until used. To determin the
understudying hormones (progesterone, prolactin and estradiol), Eliza technique has been
used while vitamin c and zinc were determined sepctrophotometricly.
By ELISA technique (ITGA2) recorded a non-significant differences in patients.
Progesterone recorded a significantly increasing in patients (P<0.01). Prolactin showed a
higher significantly increasing in patients (p< 0.01), while estradiol serum level recorded a
higher significantly decreasing (P<0.01) in patients. The result of biochemistry study part
which included zinc and vitamin C, zinc recorded a highest significantly decreasing
(P<0.01) in patients, as well as vitamin C recorded a significantly decreasing (P<0.05) in
patients.
According to the significant correlation between the three studied factors (integrin,
progesterone and vitamin c) we may conclude that increasing level of progesterone and
decreasing level of vitamin c may effect integrin expression in a downregulation manner
and perhaps breast cancer occurring and prognosis.

Acne is a cutaneous pleomorphic disorder skin disease most frequently occurring during
the adolescent in ages of 12-24, with estimated percentage (85%). There are different ways
to treat acne such as using of antibiotics, herpes, and mixing treatments.
Antibacterial activity of four concentrations (100,50,25,12.5)mg /ml of alcoholic and
cold aqueous crude extracts of Cinnamon(Cinnamomum verum ), Henna (Lawsonia
inermis ) , Lupine (Lupinus luteus) were studied against aerobic and an aerobic bacteria
isolated from inflamed and discharging pus from thirty Iraqi acne vulgaris patients refer to
dermatology unit at AL-Kindy Hospital from December 2016 to March 2017.All
information (age, sex ,diseases and using topical treatments) were recorded .The bacterial
isolates were identify using morphological characteristics, biochemical tests and the
Vitek-2 compact system. Among (30) Acne samples taken, 8 (26.7%) samples were from
males age range (19-33) years and 22(73.3%) were from females within age (17-29) years.
twenty-five (83%) samples were culture positive, and only (17%) of samples revealed no
growth. Most frequent bacteria which isolated (aerobically) from acne patients were
Staphylococcus aureus ( 60%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (20%), Escherichia coli (8% ),
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%), and an aerobic bacterial isolates were Propionibacterium
acnes (8%) isolates.
Antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed against, Ampicillin, Clindamycin,
Gentamicin, Cotrimoxazole, Erythromycin, Vancomicine, Tetracycline, Doxycycline, and
Azithromycin.All bacterial isolates were resistance to Ampicillin. Staphylococcus
aureus and S. epidermidis were sensitive (100%) to Doxycycline and Azithromycin, P. acne
were also highly sensitive to these two antibiotics (95.5%,97.1%) respectively, while E. coli
and P. aeruginosa were (100%) resistance to these antibiotics. Gentamicin and tetracycline
were susceptible by most of the study isolates except for P. aeruginosa which was very
resistance to CN and TE (100%&94.8%) respectively. The antimicrobial potential of cold
water and alcoholic crude extracts of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum ), Hinna (Lawsonia
inermis), and Lupine (Lupinus luteus), in concentrations (100,50,25,12.5) mg/ml against the
gram positive and gram negative isolates were tested through a well-diffusion method.
Alcoholic extract of Henna leaves in concentration (100mg/ml) showed high inhibitory
activity to all isolates compared with the aqueous extract and the all concentration of
cinnamon aqueous and alcoholic extracts, while lupine extracts had no effect on all bacterial
isolates. Gram-positive bacteria were the most common microorganisms involved in acne
infection. There are variations in the incidence of acne infection in relation to sex, age;
Alcoholic extract of the Henna leaves could be used to treat acne.

One of the most important problems confronts hospitals is the strains emergence of
Enterococcus spp. with multiple resistance to antibiotics, which propel researchers to modify
or produce new antibiotics or combination between two antibiotics so that to be more
effective against Enterococcus. This study was aimed to susceptibility some of local
Enterococcus spp. Isolates with of 21 antibiotic using disc diffusion method. The results
showed absolute resistant 100% toward (Cephalexin, Gentamycin, Amikacin, Erythromycin
and Nalidixic acid), while showed a high sensitivity toward (Vancomycin and Impenem ) at
percentage of 92.3% for each . Also highly inhibitory activity was observed by using
penicillins antibiotics groups against most Enterococcus isolates. which contribute to that
none of the isolates showed it is ability to produce beta – lactamase enzymes by iodometric
tube method. Also susceptibility to some new and synergetic antibiotic like Gentamicin High
level(synergy), Streptomycin High level (synergy), Linezolid, Tigecycline, Levofloxacin,
Quinupristin /Dalfopristin was conducted by Vitek-2 system. the results showed the absolute
sensitivity (100%) of isolates toward ( Linezolid and Tigecycline).
All isolates showed multiple –resistant prescription to antibiotics, the number of antibiotics
that every isolates resisted range between 6-12 antibiotic.

The present study was performed to evaluate the anti-fungal effect of alcoholic extract of
Solanum nigrum (AESn) on the growth of Microsporum canis, the causes agent of ring
worm. The results of this work referred to the inhibitory effect of the studied extract on the
growth of tested fungi. The percentages of inhibition were (7.88 %, 19.88%, 23.41%,
57.65%), in comparison to the control, when (2%, 4%, 6%,8% ) of tested extract were used,
respectively. The data illustrated that the higher concentrations of the extract are applied,
the more inhibition of fungal growth is produced.

The metformin drug is anti-hyperglycemia and known to cross the placenta which leads to
the fetus during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to define the drug effects in the fetus
growth. The doses used, therapeutic dose (0.18 & 0.53) mg\25g body weight and over dose
(1.8 & 2.85) mg\ 25g body weight, administrated orally at the beginning organogenesis stage
at (6 -18) day of pregnancy in the morning. A total (50) animal were divided into five groups.
The first group control not treated, 2nd group treated with (0.18) mg, 3rd group with (0.53)
mg , 4th group with ( 1.8 ) mg and 5th group with ( 2.85 ) mg . In this study noted some
congenital malformations in the fetus compared with normal control group , which included
in the 2nd and 3rd group ( irregular body level , exophthalmia , micromelia , elevated some
hand fingers , simple club foot , torsion tail and wrinkle skin ) while the defects was larger in
the 4th and 5th group ( trunk abnormalities like C Shape , big head ( scaphocethaly) , cranial
flexure , prosencephaly, short neck , micromelia , syndactyly some of hand fingers and others
hemimelia , torsion tail and some aquiline , sharply club foot and spina bifida ) . It is
mentioning that the malformations were less in the 2nd group treated with (0.18) mg of the
drug. The treatment with metformin drug during pregnancy induced the congenital
malformations.

The study included 200 samples were collected from children under two years
included (50 samples from each of Cerebrospinal fluid, Blood, Stool and Urine) from,
Central Children Hospital and Children's Protections Educational Hospital. Isolates
bacterial were obtained cultural, microscopic and biochemical examination and diagnosed
to the species by using vitek2 system. The results showed there were contamination in
6.5% of clinical samples. The diagnosed colonies which gave pink color on the
MacConkey agar, golden yellow color on the Trypton Soy agar and green color on the
Birillent Enterobacter sakazakii agar and gave a probability of 99% in the vitek 2 and were
identified as Cronobacter sakazakii. The identification revealed of thirteen isolates:
6(46.16%) isolated from Cerebrospinal fluid samples, 7(53.84%) isolated from blood
samples and not isolated bacteria from stool and urine samples. The results of the
investigation of some virulence factors showed that all bacteria isolates were able to
swimming with a diameter ranging (1-9 mm) and swarming with a diameter ranging (1-40
mm) and their ability to biofilm formation by using three methods. The results show the
ability of isolates to form biofilm by using Congo red media methods where it is 12 (92.30
%) out of 13 isolated bacteria belonging to C. sakazakii able to form biofilm on the Congo
red media which is 3 (23.07%) were strong production biofilm , 8 (61.53%) were
intermediate production biofilm and 1 (7.69% ) were weak biofilm formation , while the
1 (7.69%) unable to form biofilm. Tubes method were all isolates were able to form
biofilm, it were found that 3 (23.07%) isolates strong, and 8 (61.53%) intermediate and 2 (
15.38%) weak biofilm formation. Microtiter plate method gave 5 (38.46 %) isolates
strong, 6 (46.15%) intermediate and 1 (7.69%) weak biofilm formation.

Probiotic bacteria using in commercially produced foods are at most members of the
genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. This research was aimed to study the antimicrobial
effect of lactobacillus bacteria as probiotic against some pathogenic bacteria, strains of
lactobacillus bacteria were isolated from two types of yoghurt in Baquba city, Iraq. Total of
60 yoghurt samples from 2 origins (30 locally and 30 commercial produced yoghurt) were
used to isolate probiotic bacteria which were identified phenotypically and biochemically. 30
(100%) of locally produced yoghurt samples include with probiotic bacteria while 12 (40%)
commercially types of yoghurt samples were contained with probiotic, the method of
modified agar overlay was used to determine the antibacterial activity among the lactobacillus
isolates. Results indicated spectrum of their antibacterial effects which were varied against the
selected pathogenic bacterial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia.coli). The
results of this study encourage people to consume more probiotic dairy products instead of
using antibiotic drugs as prophylactics which lead to health problems also encourage local
industry for producing bioyoghurt products.

The literature reviews of all reports of parasites fauna cats Felis catus in Iraq species of
including 15 protozoa (Babesia spp., Crptosporidium spp., C. muris, C. parvum, Cytauxzoon
felis, Eimeria cati, Entamoeba spp., Giardia sp., Giardia spp., Isospora ssp., I. felis., I.
rivolta, Leishmania tropica and Toxoplasma gondii), five trematoda (Heterophyes aequalis,
H. heterophyes, Opisthorchis felineus, O. tenuicollis and Paragonimus killicotti), 17
cestoda (Diphyllobothrium sp., D. latum, Diplopylidium acanthotetra, D. nolleri,
Dipylidium spp., D. caninum, D. sexcoronatum, Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Joyeuxiella
echinorhyncoides, J. pasqualei, Mesocestoides variabilis, Spirometra sp., S.
erinaceieuropaei, S. mansonoides, Taenia sp., Taenia spp. and T. taeniaeformis), 18
nematoda) Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Ancylostoma spp., A. paraduodenale, A.
tubaeforme, Capillaria spp., C. arophilia, C. felis, Dioctophyma renale, Dirofilaria immitis,
Ganathostoma sp., Ollulanus tricuspis, Physaloptera praeputiale, Pterygodermatites
cahirensis, Rictularia cahirensis, Strongyloides spp., Toxascaris leonine, Toxocara sp. and
T. cati) and seven arthropoda (Ctenocephalides felis, Felicola subrostratus, Ixodes spp.,
Otodectes cynotis, Rhipicephalus sp., R. sanguineus and R. turanicus).

Traditional folk medicine is applied in the treatment of diversity chronic and acute
conditions all over the worlds. This study was carried out to assess the capability of
aqueous beetle cocoon extract (Lorinus maculates F.) commonly known as (Tihan) in
stimulating immune response. Adult mice (5 in each group) were divided into two groups:
the first one orally administered with 150 mg/kg and the second group received normal
saline as a control group for 14 days. Bone marrow and spleen were proceeding for mitotic
index and phagocytosis estimated. The results showed a significant increase in mitotic
index and phagocytosis in treaded mice in comparing with the negative control. These
results concluded that Tihan has a potential role in innate immune response.

High Q-factor based on absorption can be achieved by tuning (the reflection and the
transition percentage). In this work, the simple design and simulated in S-band have been
investigated. The simulation results of G-shape resonator are shown triple band of
absorption peaks 60%, 91.5%, and 70.3%) at resonance frequency 2.7 GHz, 3.26 GHz, and
4.05 GHz respectively. The results exhibited very high of the Q-factor (271) at resonance
frequency (3.26 GHz). The high Q-factor can be used to enhance the sensor sensing,
narrowband band filter and image sensing.

This study included the fabrication of compound (Tl2-xHgxBa2-ySryCa2Cu3O10+δ) in a
manner solid state and under hydrostatic pressure (8 ton/cm2) and temperature
annealing(850°C), and determine the effect of the laser on the structural and electrical
properties elements in the compound, and various concentrations of x where (x=
0.1,0.2,0.3). Observed by testing the XRD The best ratio of compensation for x is 0.2 as the
value of a = b = 5.3899 (A °), c = 36.21 (A °) show that the installation of four-wheel-based
type and that the best temperature shift is TC= 142 K .When you shine a CO2 laser on the
models in order to recognize the effect of the laser on these models showed the study of Xray diffraction of these samples when preparing models with different concentrations of the
values of x, the best ratio of compensation is 0.2 which showed an increase in the values of
the dimensions of the unit cell a=b = 5.3929 (A °), c = 36.238 (A°). And the best transition
temperature after shedding laser is TC=144 K.

Aim of this research is the description with evaluation the photons rate probability at
quark-gluon reactions processes theoretically depending on quantum color theory. In high
energy physics as well as quantum field theory and quantum chromodynamics theory are
very importance for physical processes. In quark–gluon interaction there are many
processes, the Compton scattering, annihilation pairs and quark–gluon plasma. There are
many quantum features, each of three ????????̅ , ????????ത and ???????? systems that taken which could
making a quark–gluon plasma in character system. First, electric quark charge and color
quantum charge that’s satisfied by quantum number. Second, the critical temperature and
photon energy. Moreover, for such three systems have variety quantum flavor numbers: 2,
3 and 4, the photons rate are evaluated at system energy limited 150 MeV ൑ ???? ൑ 350 MeV
with critical temperature: 144 MeV. However, due to the quark–gluon plasma producing in
heavy ions collisions, the photons rate is increasing with decreasing of coupling constant
and photons energy in quark-quark interaction systems.

The intellectual property of digital documents has been protected by using many
methods of digital watermarking. Digital documents have been so much of advantages over
print documents. Digital documents are less expensive and easy to store, transport, and
searched compared to traditional print documents. But it has its owner limitation too. A
simple image editor can be used to modify and make a forged document. Digital documents
can be tampered easily. In order to utilize the whole benefits of digital document, these
limitations have to overcome these limitations by embedding some text, logo sequence that
identifies the owner of the document.
In this research LSB technique has been used to embedding Digital watermarking, the
proposed method consists of two major part: the embedding part and extraction part. The
BMP picture type has been used in embedding process for accuracy and uncompressed
image, and it is the best type in embedding process. This technique used to discover the
genuine documentThe experiments show the proposed technique has 100% accuracy in
authenticating the genuine document and Multimedia content security.

The adsorption of cephalexin.H2O from aqueous solution on attapulgite, bentonite and
kaolin has been studied at the human body temperature (37.5˚C) and at 5, 27, 47˚C in 0.1M
hydrochloric acid (pH 1.2). The value of pH 1.2 has been chosen to simulate the pH of
stomach fluid. The clays show the following order: Bentonite > attapulgite > kaolin, for
their activity to adsorb cephalexin.H2O. The charged clay particles can attract molecules
either by electrostatic forces, for the molecules of oppositely charged, or by inducing dipole
formation in the neutral molecule. The L-shaped adsorption isotherm indicated that drug
molecules arrangement in a flat geometry on the clay surface. The results indicated the
applicability of Langmuir isotherm for adsorption of drug on three clays. The amount of
cephalexin.H2O adsorbed on the three clays was increased with increasing pH value from
1.2 to 5. At the acidic pH, the competition between cephalexin.H2O molecules and
hydronium ions results in a reduction in adsorption process. At fixed temperature and pH,
the adsorption of cephalexin.H2O on the three clays was increased with increasing the ionic
strength of solution. The data showed a little increase in the amount of drug adsorbed by
attapulgite and bentonite with increasing temperature, so the adsorption process appeared
endothermic. The reverse was observed with adsorption of cephalexin.H2O on kaolin
surface (exothermic). The extent of desorption of cephalexin.H2O from the clays increased
when the concentration of drug increased. This result may refer to the difficulty of
desorption of the drug at low concentrations, which reflects a relatively higher adsorbate -
adsorbent interaction.

The present paper describes the synthesis and structural studies of new transition metal
complexes of cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and cadmium(II) with two bi dentate ligands
derived from quinoxaline-2,3-dione. The two ligands were fully identified by elemental
analyses, FT-IR, NMR and UV-Visible spectra. The metal complexes of Co(II), Ni(II),
Cu(II) and Cd(II) were isolated in the solid state after reactions of their metal chlorides
with the ligands in 2:1 mole ratio. The isolated solid metal complexes were characterized
with the help of elemental analyses, NMR, FT-IR and UV-Visible spectra. As well as the
thermal stability of the coordinated quinoxaline polymers were tested by TG-DSC analysis
and it is found that cleavage of terminal moiety was investigated, the strong coordinated
bonds between oxygen donor atoms in L1 while nitrogen donor atoms of quinoxaline ring
in the L2 with the metal ions. Furthermore, the thermal stability of cobalt(II), nickel(II),
copper(II) and Cd(II) complexes were screened by TG-DSC analysis and the results helped
us in the investigation of the proposed structure of the prepared complexes in the formula
[M(L)2Cl2].XH2O and [Cd(L)2]Cl2 where L= L1 and L2 ligands derived from quinoxaline2,3-dione.

Simple and rapid spectrophotometric determination of furosemide (FUR) has been
investigated .The method is based on acid hydrolysis of FUR to free primary aromatic
amine and diazotization followed by coupling with 3, 5 di methyl phenol (3, 5-DMPH) at
basic medium. The absorbance was measured at 434 nm, the method was optimized for
best condition, and beers’ law is obeyed over the range of 0.4-50 µg.mL-1 with molar
absorptivity and sandal’s sensitivity 1.3899 x104 L moL-1 .cm-1 and 0.0238x104 µg.cm-2
respectively. Analysis of solution containing nineteen different concentrations of FUR gave
a correlation coefficient of (0.9999) and limit of detection, limit of quantitation were 0.127,
0.464µg.mL-1 respectively. The reaction stoichiometry was evaluated by Job’s and mole
ratio method was found to be 1:1(diazotized FUR: 3, 5-DMPH) .The method was applied in
synthetic urine and pharmaceutical formulation. The recovery of FUR in spiked urine was
satisfactory resulting in the values of (99±3.32) %, the results of the suggested method was
compared with available official literature method.

Bidentate Schiff base ligand 3-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-[(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-amino]-2-methyl-propionic acid was prepared and characterized by
spectroscopic techniques studies and elemental analysis. The Cd(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Co(II),
Cr(III) and Fe(III) of mixed-ligand complexes were structural explicate through moler
conductance, [FT-IR, UV-Vis & AAS], chloride contents, , and magnetic susceptibility
measurements. Octahedral geometries have been suggested for all complexes. The Schiff
base and its complexes were tested against various bacterial species, two of {gram(G+) and
gram(G-)} were shown weak to good activity against all bacteria.

Some studies indicated a relationship between increased serum levels of
osteoprotegerin with arterial calcification and as a result, it leads to the risk of
cardiovascular disease. In our study group we selected patients with osteoporosis, with
similar age and body mass index for the assessment of the relationship between
cardiovascular disease and osteoprotegerin serum level. We took into account the analysis
of correlation and association between the presence of distinct patterns of atherosclerosis
and associated diseases like high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, low HDL cholesterol,
increased LDL cholesterol, increased triglycerides and was the case of presence of any type
of dyslipidemia, in case of pre-existent treatment.
Objective of study was the assessment of osteoprotegerin value as predictive marker for
cardiovascular and metabolic risk in osteoporotic patients.
Our results showed significant correlations of parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin and
biochemical markers of bone with glucose metabolism and lipid were found in our
research, maintaining crosstalk between calcium and biochemical markers of bone and
cardiovascular risk.
The serum level of Osteoprotegerin has been shown to have a large predictive value for the
metabolic syndrome as a cardiovascular risk standard in patients with osteoporosis. The
osteoprotegerin serum levels were increased in the patients with metabolic syndrome as a
protective response facing the atherosclerotic lesions.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder in women during fertilization age
that reflects changing clinical symptoms. The genetic concept of PCOS is unclear and no significant
genetic association with PCOS has been established. The level of Follicle stimulating hormone FSH
is encoded by FSH receptor (FSHR) and abnormal FSHR affects follicle cogenesis and ovary and
consist of 9 introns, 10 exons, and the region of chromosome promoter at 2p21. Sample of 93PCOS
patients and 52 controls were collected from Province of Erbil in north of Iraq. Genomic DNA was
extracted from the blood and genotype dissected was improved for the two population of study
using PCR-RFLP with the restriction enzyme Eam1105I. The genotype distributions and allele
frequency of Ala307Thr polymorphisms of FSHR were not statistically various between the
controls and the PCOS patients. Significant elevation of body mass index with all genotype of
PCOS was found when compared with controls. There were statistical differences in the BMI and
most of the serum hormone and lipid profile parameters including LH, total testosterone, fasting
glucose, Cholesterol, HDL and LDL, there were significant various in FSH and LH levels of
hormones and HDL, LDL and VLDL with PCOS group conveying different genotypes of
Ala307Thr polymorphisms. The variant of Ala307Thr was not associated with PCOS in Kurdistan
women; there was no relationship between the POCS and gene of FSHR polymorphism at codons
307. There was a significant difference in FSH and LH levels with PCOS patients conveying
different genotypes of Ala307Thr polymorphism.

The objective of this study is to test in Vitro the twenty chemical compounds that
contains Schiff base or oxazepine, indoline, imidazolo units in concentrations (50, 100, 150)
mg / dl as antifungal activity, against three pathogenic Candida species that occur in humans.
We tested one isolates of
( Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei). All these species affect human
health. The study was carried out in the Laboratory of Public Health, directly of health for the
period from May 2016 to April 2017, Candida spp isolates used in this study were collected
from patients admitted at some private clinical in Kirkuk city. All isolates were identified
using CHROM agar and stored at -70 0C .Preparation of Schiff base ( 1-7 ) from amino
pyridine derivatives with aromatic aldehyde by nucleophilic addition reactions preparation of
1,3 – oxazepine 4,7 – dione ( 8-13 ) were carried out by cyclization of appropriate Schiff
bases with malic anhydride and phthalic anhydride , preparation of compounds ( 14 – 17)
from reaction of a mixture aminopyridine derivative with potassium hydroxide then
chloroacetic acid was added , preparation of compounds ( 18 – 20 ) from reaction of amino
pyridine derivative and 4- phenyl phenacyl bromide , all these compounds were characterized
by melting points and FT.IR spectroscopy. Some of them were characterized by H1- NMR
and C13-NMR spectroscopy. Some compounds contain Schiff base group in compounds
( 1-7) showed inhibitory effect Candida albicans and Candida krusei. This study demonstrates
that the three Candida species were resistant to a range of compounds (8 -13) containing
oxazepine and as antifungal against , while the compound(14 -17) contain Indolin show low
inhabition zon for Candida albicans and the compound (18-20) contain imidazo group showed
inhibited effect against three Candida species.

A new speed and sensitive batch and merging zones-flow injection analysis
spectrophotometric ways for estimation of captopril in a fine material and in pharmaceutical
formulations were suggested. The procedure was depended on the decline of Fe(III) as FeCl3
to Fe(II) by captopril in acetic acid as medium, the produced Fe(II) interplays with 1,10-
phenanthroline to compose a soluble orange-red colored product that is determined at
maximum wave length of 511nm. The manifold FIA system was able to determine of CPL.
with a throughput 51 sample/h. Calibration curves of absorbance against concentration sign
of that Beer, s law is submitted to within the concentration scale of 1-45 & 3-200 mǥ. L-1 of
CPL. with detection limits 0.0962, 0.0157 mg. L-1 and quantification limits ,0.321, 0.0524
mg.L-1 of CPL. for batch and CFIA system, respectively . Repeatability (RSD%) (n=7) were
0.89 and 0.38 for estimation of CPL. with concentration 60 and 130 mg/L. The suggested
procedure was carried out successfully for estimation of CPL. in pharmaceutical preparations,
the values of the both procedures were compared with USP procedure.

It was confirmed in this research that the ligand calcichrome formed stable complex
with calcium ion at pH of 8.5 which verified by UV/Vis and FTIR spectral analysis and the
complexation occurred via hydroxyl groups.
The stoichiometric ratio of the formed complex was found to be 1:1 by mole ratio and
continuous variation methods. Dry ashing method of the complex and flame emission
photometric analysis offered a calcium percentage in calcium complex equal 4.5% with an
error of 2.41% due to experimental errors.

Jordan curve theorem is one of the classical theorems of mathematics, it states the
following : If C is a graph of a simple closed curve in the complex plane the complement
of C is the union of two regions, C being the common boundary of the two regions. One of
the region is bounded and the other is unbounded. We introduced in this paper one of
Jordan's theorem generalizations. A new type of space is discussed with some properties and
new examples. This new space called Contractible J-space.

Sequences spaces ℓ୮
௠, m ∈ ℝ , p ∈ ℝା tha???? have called quasi-Sobolev spaces were
introduced by Jawad . K. Al-Delfi in 2013 [ 1[ . In this paper, we deal with notion of quasiinner product space by using concept of quasi-normed space which is generalized to
normed space and given a relationship between pre-Hilbert space and a quasi-inner product
space with important results and examples. Completeness properties in quasi-inner
product space gives us concept of quasi-Hilbert space. We show that , not all quasiSobolev spaces ℓ୮
௠ , are quasi-Hilbert spaces. The best examples which are quasiHilbert spaces and Hilbert spaces are ℓଶ
௠, where m ∈ ℝ . Finally, propositions, theorems
an examples are our own unless otherwise referred.

This paper is concerned with the solution of the nanoscale structures consisting of the
???????????????? ???????????????? ⁄ with an effective mass envelope function theory, the electronic states of the
???????????????? ???????????????? ⁄ quantum ring are studied. In calculations, the effects due to the different
effective masses of electrons in and out the rings are included. The energy levels of the
electron are calculated in the different shapes of rings, i.e., that the inner radius of rings
sensitively change the electronic states. The energy levels of the electron are not sensitively
dependent on the outer radius for large rings. The structures of ???????????????? ???????????????? ⁄ quantum rings
are studied by the one electronic band Hamiltonian effective mass approximation, the
energy- and position-dependent on electron effective mass approximation, and the spindependent on the Ben Daniel-Duke boundary conditions. In the description of the
Hamiltonian matrix elements, the Finite elements method with different base piecewise
linear function is adopted. The non-linear energy confinement problem is solved
approximately by using the Finite elements method with piecewise linear function, to
calculate the energy of the one electron states for the ???????????????? ???????????????? ⁄ quantum ring. The
results of numerical example are compared for accuracy and efficiency with the finite
element method of linear triangular element. This comparison shows that good results of
numerical example.

In this paper, we introduced module that satisfying strongly ????ଵଵ-condition modules and
strongly ????ଵଵ-type modules as generalizations of t-extending. A module ???? is said strongly ????ଵଵcondition if for every submodule of ???? has a complement which is fully invariant direct
summand. A module ???? is said to be strongly ????ଵଵ-type modules if every t-closed submodule
has a complement which is a fully invariant direct summand. Many characterizations for
modules with strongly ????ଵଵ-condition for strongly ????ଵଵ-type module are given. Also many
connections between these types of module and some related types of modules are investigated.

In this paper, estimation of system reliability of the multi-components in stressstrength model R(s,k) is considered, when the stress and strength are independent random
variables and follows the Exponentiated Weibull Distribution (EWD) with known first
shape parameter θ and, the second shape parameter α is unknown using different estimation
methods. Comparisons among the proposed estimators through Monte Carlo simulation
technique were made depend on mean squared error (MSE) criteria.

In real situations all observations and measurements are not exact numbers but more or
less non-exact, also called fuzzy. So, in this paper, we use approximate non-Bayesian
computational methods to estimate inverse Weibull parameters and reliability function with
fuzzy data. The maximum likelihood and moment estimations are obtained as nonBayesian estimation. The maximum likelihood estimators have been derived numerically
based on two iterative techniques namely “Newton-Raphson” and the “ExpectationMaximization” techniques. In addition, we provide compared numerically through MonteCarlo simulation study to obtained estimates of the parameters and reliability function in
terms of their mean squared error values and integrated mean squared error values
respectively.

In this paper, the survival function has been estimated for the patients with lung
cancer using different parametric estimation methods depending on sample for completing
real data which explain the period of survival for patients who were ill with the lung cancer
based on the diagnosis of disease or the entire of patients in a hospital for a time of two
years (starting with 2012 to the end of 2013). Comparisons between the mentioned
estimation methods has been performed using statistical indicator mean squares error,
concluding that the estimation of the survival function for the lung cancer by using pre-test
singles stage shrinkage estimator method was the best

The Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) and the Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange are
famous methods for encryption. These methods depended on selecting the primes p and q
in order to be secure enough. This paper shows that the named methods used the primes
which are found by some arithmetical function .In the other sense, no need to think about
getting primes p and q and how they are secure enough, since the arithmetical function
enable to build the primes in such complicated way to be secure. Moreover, this article
gives new construction of the RSA algorithm and DH key exchange using the
primes p,qfrom areal number x.

This Research deals with estimation the reliability function for two-parameters
Exponential distribution, using different estimation methods; Maximum likelihood,
Median-First Order Statistics, Ridge Regression, Modified Thompson-Type Shrinkage and
Single Stage Shrinkage methods. Comparisons among the estimators were made using
Monte Carlo Simulation based on statistical indicter mean squared error (MSE) conclude
that the shrinkage method perform better than the other methods

In this paper, the maximum likelihood estimator and the Bayes estimator of the
reliability function for negative exponential distribution has been derived, then a Monte –
Carlo simulation technique was employed to compare the performance of such estimators.
The integral mean square error (IMSE) was used as a criterion for this comparison. The
simulation results displayed that the Bayes estimator performed better than the maximum
likelihood estimator for different samples sizes.

In this paper, developed Jungck contractive mappings into fuzzy Jungck contractive
and proved fuzzy fixed point for some types of generalize fuzzy Jungck contractive
mappings.

Real life scheduling problems require the decision maker to consider a number of criteria
before arriving at any decision. In this paper, we consider the multi-criteria scheduling
problem of n jobs on single machine to minimize a function of five criteria denoted by total
completion times (∑????௜), total tardiness (∑????௜), total earliness (∑????௜), maximum tardiness
(????௠௔௫) and maximum earliness (????௠௔௫). The single machine total tardiness problem and
total earliness problem are already NP-hard, so the considered problem is strongly NP-hard.
We apply two local search algorithms (LSAs) descent method (DM) and simulated
annealing method (SM) for the 1// (∑????௜ ൅∑????௜ ൅∑????௜ ൅ ????௠௔௫ ൅ ????௠௔௫) problem (SP) to find
near optimal solutions. The local search methods are used to speed up the process of
finding a good enough solution, where an exhaustive search is impractical for the exact
solution. The two heuristic (DM and SM) were compared with the branch and bound
(BAB) algorithm in order to evaluate effectiveness of the solution methods.
Some experimental results are presented to show the applicability of the (BAB)
algorithm and (LSAs). With a reasonable time, (LSAs) may solve the problem (SP) up to
5000 jobs.

Let ???? be a right module over an arbitrary ring ???? with identity and S ൌ Endோሺ????ሻ. In this
work, the coclosed rickart modules as a generalization of rickart modules is given. We say
a module ???? over ???? coclosed rickart if for each ???? ∈ Endோሺ????ሻ, Ker ???? is a coclosed
submodule of ????. Basic results over this paper are introduced and connections between
these modules and otherwise notions are investigated.

The present paper concern with minimax shrinkage estimator technique in order to
estimate Burr X distribution shape parameter, when prior information about the real shape
obtainable as original estimate while known scale parameter.
Derivation for Bias Ratio, Mean squared error and the Relative Efficiency equations.
Numerical results and conclusions for the expressions mentioned above were displayed.
Comparisons for proposed estimator with most recent works were made.

In this work, we employ a new normalization Bernstein basis for solving linear
Freadholm of fractional integro-differential equations nonhomogeneous of the second type
(LFFIDEs). We adopt Petrov-Galerkian method (PGM) to approximate solution of the
(LFFIDEs) via normalization Bernstein basis that yields linear system. Some examples are
given and their results are shown in tables and figures, the Petrov-Galerkian method (PGM)
is very effective and convenient and overcome the difficulty of traditional methods. We
solve this problem (LFFIDEs) by the assistance of Matlab10.

In this paper,there are new considerations about the dual of a modular spaces and weak
convergence. Two common fixed point theorems for a ????-non-expansive mapping defined
on a star-shaped weakly compact subset are proved, Here the conditions of affineness,
demi-closedness and Opial's property play an active role in the proving our results.

In this research, dynamical study of an SIR epidemical model with nonlinear direct
incidence rate (Beddington-De Angelis) type, and regress of treatment investigated. An
analytical study to the model shows that there are two equilibrium points appear, the
discussed successfully with sufficient condition, the existence of local bifurcation and Hopf
bifurcation was analyzed, finally numerical simulations are done to explain the analytic
studies.

The detection of diseases affecting plant is very important as it relates to the issue of food security,
which is a very serious threat to human life. The system of diagnosis of diseases involves a series of
steps starting with the acquisition of images through the pre-processing, segmentation and then
features extraction that is our subject finally the process of classification. Features extraction is a very
important process in any diagnostic system where we can compare this stage to the spine in this type
of system. It is known that the reason behind this great importance of this stage is that the process of
extracting features greatly affects the work and accuracy of classification. Proper selection of the right
features leads to high accuracy in the system diagnostics and vice versa. The proposed system collect
images of different crop (Rice, cotton and tomato) disease, we will enter the images of cropping them ,
then Re-size the images to fixed size, then improve the image through Fuzzy histogram equalization
(FHE) , then perform image segmentation using color based K-means and finally compare the
methods of features extraction (Percentage of Leaf Area Infected (PI),Texture-Based Features, Color
Moments, Features obtained by Color Co-occurrence Method and Shape based Features) we found
that the use of 4 methods together (Percentage of Leaf Area Infected (PI),Texture-Based Features,
Color Moments and Shape based Features) produce excellent result.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan intracellular coccidian protozoan parasite. Latent
toxoplasmosis threat to immunocompetent individuals. Diabetic patients are more susceptible
to infect with toxoplasmosis due to their low level of immunity response. The purpose of this
research is to define the association between toxoplasmosis and diabetes mellitus and
detection serum levels of chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protien-1 and transforming
growth factor-β) in diabetic patients infected with toxoplasmosis. Serum samples were
collected from 120 diabetic patients and 50 healthy individuals as a control group from the
Imamein Kadhimein Medical City in Baghdad. In order to diagnose diabetes, fasting and
random blood glucose tests were used. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was done by using
toxo IgM and IgG immulite torch assay. Chemokines levels were measured by ELISA
method. The results clarified that all samples were seronegative for IgM antibodies while 50
(41.67%) diabetic patients were seropositive for IgG antibodies and 70 (58.33%) diabetic
patients and 50 healthy controls were seronegative for IgG antibodies. Serum level of MCP-1
was recorded an increase in a group of diabetic patients infected with toxoplasmosis 169.66 ±
131.35 pg/ml with highly significant differences (P < 0.001) also TGF-β level was increased
in a group of diabetic patients infected with toxoplasmosis 0.53 ± 0.242 pg