JOURNAL OF KUFA FOR CHEMICAL SCIENCES

In the present study, the retention behavior of two vitamins (B2 and B3 vitamins) was investigated using a zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography technique (ZIC-HILIC) on two home-made columns, and two analytical methods for these vitamins were established as a result. Several chromatographic parameters were carefully investigated and optimized. The best separation was achieved on two new home-made columns (ZIC-1 and ZIC-3) employing acetonitrile/sodium acetate buffer (95:5) v/v as the mobile phase (40 mM, pH 4.75). The target vitamins were detected at 254 nm. In the ZIC-1 and ZIC-3 columns, the linear ranges of the target vitamins (B2 and B3) were 0.06-11.0 and 0.08-7.0 μg/mL, respectively. For both target vitamins, the detection and quantitation limits of the suggested methods were 0.011-0.055 and 0.033-0.166 μg/mL, respectively. They also showed high precision (RSD ≤ 0.93), linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9988), and recovery (between 99.0 and 101.71%). The suggested procedures have been validated and tested on multivitamin tablets, proving that they are suitable for analyzing food supplements for these tablets, and acceptable results were obtained for the study.

A new pharmaceutical-derived azo dye was prepared from salbutamol as an aromatic phenolic compound with sulfonamide, sulfadiazine and sulfathiazole, respectively. Dye characterization was described by Mass. , H1-NMR, I.R. and visible spectroscopy techniques. The electronic spectra of this azo dye have been studied in terms of proton harvesting and ionization. The other study was the effect of solvents with different polarities on the electronic spectra. The dye has many applications, such as its use as an indicator of a strong acid with a strong base and the use of the dye as an antibiotic. Some applications measured the biological activity of the prepared dyes against Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus, and showed positive results.

A novel 1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol derivative was designed through a series of reactions. Firstly, Azo derivative 1 was synthesized by a general method with two steps, a diazotization reaction in an acidic medium, and a coupling reaction in basic conditions. Secondly, Azo-carboxylic acid 1 reacted with SOCl2 to produce acid chloride derivative 2. Then carbothiamide derivative 3 was synthesized through substitution reaction by reacting 2 with 4-phenyl thiosemicarbazide in pyridine. In the next step, carbothiamide 3 was reacted with sodium hydroxide solution to afford target triazole derivative 4. The structures of all synthesized derivatives were confirmed by techniques (1H, 13C NMR, IR). Moreover, the triazole derivative 4 was evaluated for its biological activity as an anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial. The results presented that compound 4 has moderate antibacterial activity and a high free radical scavenging effect (IC50 30.2 μg/mL) compared to vitamin C (IC50 21 μg/mL). The anticancer activity results presented that compound 4 has a toxic effect on a colon cancer cell line CaCo-2. The potential effect of compound 4 on the 5lqf protein was examined in silico studies.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women . In Iraq, breast cancer is the commonest type of female malignancy, ac-counting for approximately one-third of the registered female cancers according to the latest Iraqi Cancer Registry. In this study, patients and volunteers from Basrah Governorate (southern Iraq) participated. A total of fifty five participants were subdivided into two groups, breast cancer patients 35 aged (20-60) years, and 20 healthy individuals (control group) aged (20-60) years. Serum levels of Estrogen , Progesterone , glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase , immunoglobulinG , immunoglobulinM and cancer antigen 15-3 were measured by standard methods. The study reported that Progesterone and IgG were statistically significant (p˂0.05) in patients with breast cancer compared to healthy control . Estrogen, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were statistically very high significant (p ≤0.0001) in patients with breast cancer compared to healthy control .There was very high significant positive correlation between estrogen and IgM (p ≤0.0001) .

Turbidity adds an objectionable appearance to waters. The effectiveness of PA6/CMC composite in coagulation and flocculation to improve the quality of waters was investigated. Results of the "jar test" conducted indicated that by adding 0.01 gm of PA6/CMC at pH 5 and time of 30 min., turbidity of solution was reduced to about 95% at 50NTU and 98% at 100NTU respectively. The results of this study suggest that PA6/CMC copolymer is a potential coagulant for reducing turbidity during water treatment.

Thyroid hormones are essential for growth, neuronal development, reproduction and regulation of energy metabolism. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are common conditions with potentially devastating health consequences that affect all populations worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure to petroleum gases, vapors and pollutant materials on oil refinery workers in Al-Shaiba / Basra-Iraq. However, samples were collected from male workers Ages from (22 – 55) years and divided into four groups according to their years of experience in the same refinery and compared with healthy control. We highlight It also showed that T4, TSH, and PTH hormone more effected by the heavy metals than T3 hormone in comparison to the healthy control group. It showed that worker with direct exposure of pollution sources for more than 5 years of exposure is more affected with oil refinery pollutant than workers who only exposed for 1-5 years.

In our relentless pursuit of developing innovative antibacterial derivatives, we have successfully generated and evaluated a novel series of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives derived from azo dapsone. The synthesis process commenced with the fusion of the dapsone core with the triazole framework, establishing a solid foundation for our synthetic endeavors. Subsequently, the azo dapsone nucleus underwent functionalization using sodium azide, resulting in the creation of an azide derivative (B).
To synthesize the desired end 1,2,3-triazoles, a click reaction was employed, combining the azide compound with triple bond derivatives. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were meticulously characterized through the utilization of advanced techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy.

The synthesis and spectrum of of a new azo ligand derived from acetylacetone and benzocaine (Ethyl p aminobenzoate)). Spectral investigations such as 1H NMR,FT.IR, 13C NMR and Mass spectra were performed to investigate the azo dye ligand's structure. Several physiochemical approaches, FT IR, electronic spectra, molar conductivity, atom absorption, and magnetic susceptibility were used to identify new complexes with CO(II), and Zn(II) ions Complexes that are all 1:2 [M:L] were formed using the procedures described, and an tetrahedral geometry with sp3 hybridization. At several pH ranges (2 12), the electronic spectra of these azo dyes have been examined in terms of their acid base properties, which included determining their isosbestic points and protonation and ionization constants. In the other study, azodye were used as an inductor for acid
base titration.

Innovative, sensitive, and accurate method for liquid-liquid extraction using an ultrasonic device is presented in this work. A working system was created, consisting of two basic components: the ultrasonic device and the pump device, to pump or withdraw the organic layer. a study of the key variables derived from the liquid-liquid system was carried out in the system containing Dithizone ( 3 M) in (Chloroform) CHCl₃ solvent. and aqueous copper (II) chloride(CuCl2.2H2O) ( 6 M) solution to determine the degree to which they affect the extraction performance attained in this manner. The effect of initial sample copper concentration and ultrasonic time, temperature effect, and pump speed, were studied, establishing the best conditions for a sample of (10 mL) aqueous solution of Cu (II) chloride, the optimum copper (II) concentration in the analyzed sample is (1 6 M), the ultrasonic time for the device is (8 min), and the flow rate of the pump is (3mL/30sec) and a temperature (27ºC) and (pH=1). The extraction degree was optimum under these conditions (96±2%) and the relative standard deviation (RSD)% (0.29%), In this work, a simple method is proposed to extract and concentrate copper in aqueous copper chloride using an ultrasonic device in the presence of dithizone solvent. The main parameters affecting the extraction method such as copper ion concentration, pump speed, temperature, device time, and the effect of equal and different volumes were evaluated. The proposed method was applied for the determination of copper in aqueous copper chloride samples. Accuracy was assessed by comparing the results with a conventional extraction method (traditional methods)

The study included estimation of glutathione (GSH) as an important biomarker using turbidimetric method based on reaction of GSH with Ce(IV) in acidic medium to form turbid solution. More than twenty metal ions were used to test their interaction with GSH in acidic medium, it was obtained that only Ce(IV) forms turbid product. Instead of using turbidimeter to conduct measurements, a single beam spectrophotometer was used for this purpose. The measurements were studied at three wavelengths via 500, 700 and 900nm, but a near infrared wavelength, i.e. 900nm, shows the best results. In addition, the effect of temperature, time, type of acid, sequence addition as an optimum conditions required for the product to form were studied. Then the effect of the interferences was studied at two concentrations. A calibration curve in μg.mL-1 was constructed and its trending lies on points of concentrations ranged from 20 to 180μg.mL-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9994, and detection limit of 0.0005 μg.mL-1 and slope is (0.0014). The analytical method was applied on samples of human blood serum. The obtained results were compared with the results of the referenced (kit) method. The results obtained by the method followed, some of them were close and the others were far.

In the present study, metal complexes of Mn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) were synthesized using new Tetraazamacrocyclic Schiff Base (5E,8E,14E,17E)-6,8,15,17-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,9a,10,11,12,13,13a,16,18a-tetradecahydrodibenzo [b,i][1,4,8,11]tetraazacyclotetradecine (L) derived from 1,2-diamino cyclo hexane with the acetyl acetone. Compounds have been exanimated and confirmed by fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13CNMR), microelemental analyses (CHN), thermal analysis (TG), conductivity and magnetic susceptibility. The propose geometry for all complexes [MLCl2] structures were octahedral. Thermogravimetric of cobalt complex was carried out in two steps by fission into several small aggregates.

The new Tellurium compound is prepared in two steps. In the first step, p-xylene was reacted with formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid to give 1,4-bis(chloromethyl) -2,5-dimethylbenzene, which was added in the second step to Tellurium powder added to the potassium cyanide compound under an inert atmosphere of argon to give the new compound and diagnosed by infrared, elemental analysis, visible and ultraviolet rays, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At the same time, a thermogravimetric analysis of the compound was carried out to evaluate the thermal stability, and by using the thermal analysis data, the values of the kinetic and thermodynamic functions were extracted, as well as the conductivity at different temperatures was studied.

In several population Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared without symptoms or with slight symptoms, the complication of COVID-19 like, SARS-CoV-2 virus may lead to death by injuries the cell of pulmonary, initiating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and hypoxia. In addition it destroy endothelial cells, triggering intravascular hemolysis by changing clotting mechanisms, micro-embolization and microvascular thrombosis. A weaker immune system appeared in patients with complications from COVID-19, mainly caused by hypovitaminosis D.
The role of vitamin D increases defenses from respiratory viruses, like rhinovirus and influenza A virus. Vitamin D deficiency might be the main causes for covid-19 complications. Still, this suggestion might be payable to inverse connection.

The thyroid gland is considered one of the most important endocrine glands in the human body. It controls blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, weight, and other vital functions.The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of lipid in patients with hypothyroidism. The study was included 60 female patients with hypothyroidism and 40 healthy women, who were considered as control group, in the age group range from 22 to 44 years.The results of this study showed that subjects with hypothyroidism had significant increase in the level of lipids, as the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein were (248.0±59.3, 226.7±52.5, and 145.0±32.6) mg/dL, respectively. , compared with the control group, (189.1 ±30.5, 189.6 ±36.1, 95.8 ±22.9) mg/dL, respectively. While the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein, there were high differences, as it reached (50.5 ± 11.6, 42.8 ± 12.1) mg /dL compared to healthy subjects, which amounted to (55.1 ± 13.7, 38.2 ± 11.2), mg/dL. We conclude from this study that hypothyroidism leads to an increase in the level of fats, due to a decreasing in metabolic processes, which is also the cause of hyperlipidemia.

Breast cancer is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease. Cancerous cells multiplying abnormally in the breast, eventually spreading to the rest of the body if untreated. Breast cancer almost exclusively occurs in women. Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide with millions of new cancer patients diagnosed each year and many deaths resulting from this disease. Worldwide, female breast cancer has now surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer. SUBJECTS: Ninety two females were included in the current study, they were classified into three groups, depending on their health status (patients and healthy women) and the type of tumor suffered by the study patients: 32 female patients with cancerous breast tumors before receiving chemotherapy, 30 female patients with benign breast tumors (the pathological control group) and 30 females, who were included as a healthy control group. METHODS: Sandwich-ELISA method was applied to evaluate adiponectin and interleukin-18 concentrations in the sera of the study participants. RESULTS: Assessment of the adiponectin revealed a significant increase in the samples of malignant breast tumors group when compared with those of benign breast tumors (p=0.000) and healthy individuals (p=0.002). Interleukin-18 levels in the malignancy tumor group were significantly lower than their levels in the pathological (p=0.007) as well as healthy (p=0.000) controls groups. This study shows apparent slight decrease of adiponectin concentrations in cancerous patients group after getting approximately three consecutive doses of chemotherapy in comparison with its levels pretreatment, while non-significant difference was noted when comparing interleukin-18 levels after receiving the last dose of chemotherapy with its level before starting treatment. Although the levels of interleukin-18 increased after the end of the recommended course of chemotherapy, it did not rise to the levels of this protein in the healthy control group. The individual efficiency (sensitivity) of the evaluated criteria in the current study for distinguishing between cancerous and benign breast tumors was convergent. While the study recorded the highest specificity (93%) for adiponectin while the lowest specificity (40%) was recorded in interleukin-18. Adiponectin and interleukin-18 were able to distinguish 28 out of 32 breast cancer samples (88%).

Phenols are well-known noxious compounds, that are often found in various water sources. In this research, a new method was used to determine the total phenol by using microfluidic paper-based (μPAD), with a smartphone Sensor. It is portable, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly. The paper was prepared using filter paper by the cutting method. The reagent was dried on the paper. The color sensor of the smartphone device was used as the color intensity sensor of the samples through the images captured by the smartphone through software downloaded to the phone. The focus of the samples is measured from the RGB value of the images taken from the (iPhone 14) device, where each image represents a specific focus. The calibration curve for this method was in the range of M (0.00016–0.5), the correlation coefficient (R2) was equal to (0.9753), the limit of detection was in the amount of (0.000032) M, and the relative standard deviation (RSD%) for the concentration was (0.02) M, for which the examination was repeated (10) times and its value was (0 %), and the recovery value (Recovery%) was equal to (100 %). The method was successfully applied for the determination of total phenols in wastewater.

The research includes Preparation of chalcones Preparation of chalcones in alkaline medium and reacting two types of ketones, Acetylnaphthalene-2 and 4-morpholino acetophenone, with four types of aldehydes, as eight types of new chalcones were prepared (H1, H4, H5, H6, H8) The compounds were identified by FT-IR, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1HNMR) and electron aerosol ionization mass spectrometry (ESI), where this was confirmed by the compositions of the new chalcones prepared. The biological activity of the prepared compounds was studied for two types of pathogenic bacteria for humans, which are bacteria Gram-negative Escherichia coli, and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus that cause skin infections. Where the compound gave the highest efficacy compound H8 against both types of pathological bacteria under test, followed by compound H4 and then compound H6.

In the current research, two types of new cationic gemini surfactants with different spacers (aromatic and heterocyclic) derived from epichlorohydrine were prepared.
The prepared compounds were characterized using FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Then the value of critical micelle concentration CMC was calculated using the electrical conductivity and preparing a series of molar concentration of the new surfactants, as well as calculating the balance value between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic (lipophilic) HLB groups.
Cationic gemini surfactants were tasted at different concentration 20-40 ppm by preparing dishes for oil-in-water emulsions determine their dispersion efficiency. It was observed that the dispersant containing the heterogeneous ring (MS1) was more efficiently dispersed than the surfactant containing the aromatic ring (MS2) in the presence of the same hydrocarbon chain and at a concentration of 40 ppm.

Our study’s objectives were measuring the levels of blood glucose, blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate GFR, body mass index BMI and creatinine in the blood of patients with bladder cancer in order to control the development of a relationship between those hematological parameters in the case of bladder cancer.

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have remarkable properties, which can make these materials as a source alternative to graphene. The new member of TMDCs family ReS2 has got interest because its unique property. Synthesis ReS2 still needs a high temperature to deposit; the high deposition temperature makes ReS2 materials highly cost to produce. In this work the rhenium carbamate complex ([Re2(μ-S)2(S2CNEt2)4]) which have a high thermal stability was used to synthesis ReS2 thin films by reducing the deposition temperature to 525 °C, 25 °C less from previous study. The produced thin films were deposited using Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (AA-CVD). Films have been characterized firstly by p-XRD which confirmed that ReS2 thin films were successfully prepared, then the morphology of thin film were investigated by SEM and the results showed morphology was smooth and uniformed.