Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies

The aim of this study is to study some social phenomena in Madinah during the period from 1661 to 1710, relying mainly on three trips as the main source of study by the authors during this period. The first trip was for Abu Salim al-Ayyashi and was carried out during the period 1661-1662, while the second trip was by Sheikh Abdul Ghani al-Nabulsi. It was between 1693 and 1694, and the third was by Sheikh Nasser al-Derai, which took place between 1709-1710. The three trips as a literary and historical source provided basic information about some social aspects of Madinah during the study period.The study dealt with customs and social traditions in Madinah, including religious customs. It included customs related to the five prayers and Friday sermons in the Prophet's Mosque, the customs associated with celebrating the Prophet's birth, and the cleanliness of the Haram. The study also dealt with customs related to clothing, food, marriage, recreation and recreation, and finally urban women and their social status

Iran has embraced men of "knowledge and intellectuality" as " clergy-……". On one side, they were the pioneers in the Iranian community, on the other side they have political influence on their country's history. Rawhellah Khumein has emerged to confront Shah Mohammed Ridha Bahlwy and the prime minister Asadullah Alam policy, which aims to achieve their "financial" and "morale" goals in the country. Rawhellah Khumein's intervention in the course of those political events and decision- making turned powers upside down in Iran. This represents the first motivation to choose this topic. Understanding the Rawhellah Khumein's views regarding "the white revolution" referendum and the assault on the Feidhiya School in 1963 makes this study the first to adopt the "scientific" academic and " analytical" methods to investigate the related documents, and this is the second motivation. The researcher depends on the sources of the Iranian documents kept in the library of Islamic Shura Council in Tehran including " Rawhellah Khumein's documents," which encompasses his speeches, calls, letters and lectures delivered on the Grand Mosque in the holy Qum. In addition to " political reports of Russian ministry of Foreign Affairs", which was written by the resident consular in Tehran, "Safak documents," Secret police and intelligence." The documents includes classified reports, letters of agents to their office of intelligence. The researcher has got valuable and significant documents as the minutes of Iran National council of Shura. Moreover, the researcher uses Arabic and Persian thesis, history books, biographies and encyclopedia as well as websites.

The first topic was entitled "Muslim Brotherhood Profiles of Founding and Founding" highlighting the character of Hassan Al Banna, founder of the movement and the conditions of establishing the movement. The second topic dealt with the "intellectual roots and theoretical visions of the Muslim Brotherhood", which focused on the need to return to the sources The third axis under the title "lights on the field work of the Muslim Brotherhood" and divided the researcher into three stages explaining the most prominent stations of those stages, and interested in the fourth section and tagged "An overview of the contribution of the Muslim Brotherhood in the Arab – Israeih War of 1948" which we referred to the military organization of the brother The fifth axis highlighted the "political changes in Egypt and their impact on the Muslim Brotherhood movement", which was the revolution of July 1952 in Egypt and the accompanying cases of confrontation between the new regime and the movement, and highlighted the sixth axis to pay attention to the situation, "the emergence of violence and atonement and cracking The Muslim Brotherhood movement, "in which we pointed to the emergence of a movement within the movement adopts the ideas of violence and terrorism and calls for the atonement of the violators, causing a major rift within the movement.As we have seen from the above, the Muslim Brotherhood movement is one of the most important Islamic movements that emerged in the twentieth century as a natural reaction to the Westernization movements that took place in Egypt at that time. It became a reality that can not be abolished or marginalized. It should be noted that the Muslim Brotherhood movement was distinguished from the other Islamic movements . The researcher believes that this step is calculated for the founder of the movement Hassan al-Banna, if he was able to influence the pioneers of those places and their guides in line with his ideas and aspirations and intellectual and political vision. The Muslim Brotherhood believed in the theory of gradualism in the work and avoid political action at the beginning of its establishment in order to avoid the abortions of the movement at the beginning of its birth. They tried this idea from the noble biography of the Prophet, as they believed in the ideas of Muslim scholars calling for a return to the sources of the original religion, After Shawkat, the organization of the Muslim Brotherhood and the field of politics and its widest doors, it is necessary to say that the fourth decade of the twentieth century, which witnessed a state of European political polarization foreshadowing the outbreak of the Second World War, the Muslim Brotherhood movement at that stage integrated project was One of its main objectives is to establish a political entity - an Islamic economic umbrella, thus the movement has preceded the European countries in the project of its union for about a decade. The Muslim Brotherhood has played a significant role in the Egyptian political map because of the size of the organization and its political power, such as representation and representation of different segments of the Egyptian people, its penetration into the state apparatus and its attempt to establish a deep state. I can not notice the movement's exposure to the solution and twice during the first period of study in 1948 and the second in 1954 first, as both the government and the movement paid the blood of its senior leaders as a price of the conflict raging between the two sides. The actions of the extremist secret apparatus contributed to sowing the nucleus of terrorism and violence within the movement, and to the strained relations between the movement and the Egyptian government, on the other hand, and the loss of the movement's mentors Hassan al-Banna and Hassan al-Hudaibi for their control of this apparatus and the emergence of Sayyid Qutb as an important leader and influential figure within the organization on the one hand Fourth, whose contributions, which he wrote in his book "Milestones in the Road", which is considered a constitution for the radical Islamic movements on the one hand, and the belief of a competing group of the movement's youth on the other hand, contributed to such serious divisions. The migration and organization of jihad and al-Qaeda and Dada, which were all involved in acts of violence and terrorism gave a negative and grim image of the Islamic religion.

The linguists and grammarians have been alerted to the importance of these letters and their effect in linking the words to each other and changing their meanings to collect the multiple meanings. Therefore, special attention has been given to them in the attempts of many of them to set limits for this term. And on the other hand to determine the meanings of those letters and to show their secrets and methods of use. And that one of the most important of these letters (the non), has put some scholars of the Arabic literature of his own; to explain the meanings and sections and conditions of work, while others devote chapters or chapters in their booksAnd the dispute occurred in the origin of its meanings, so went to the group that the origin of the meaning is the king, and others went to the merit is the origin of the meanings, and some of them felt that the meaning of jurisdiction to give up the king and merit. The grammarians differed in permitting the deletion of the infallible woman, while keeping her work and saying in it four: it is permissible to do so in particular, and this is not permissible at all, and it is permissible to do so after the statement of Amri and his passport after the saying.

This research aims to identify the impact of the strategy of cognitive acceleration in acquiring the rhetorical concepts of the fifth grade literary students. To achieve this goal, the researcher formulated the following zero hypothesis: There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0,05) (Using the strategy of cognitive acceleration) and the average score of the students of the control group who study the language of rhetoric (in the usual way) in the test of post-rhetorical concepts, and chose a experimental design with partial control, the researcher rewarded between the two research groups in a number of variables, The researcher prepared the test of the acquisition of rhetorical concepts from (39) paragraphs of the type of multi-test, the researcher confirmed his honesty, and stability, and at the end of the application of the experiment, which lasted ten weeks, the researcher applied the test of acquisition of rhetorical concepts Post.

The aims of current research is to identify: (the effectiveness of high-level thinking skills in the achievement of fifth literary grade students in geography and its retention.To achieve the goals of the research, the researcher has set up the following: two zeros hypotheses1-There is no difference with statistical significance at the level of (0.05) between the average score achievement of the students of the experimental group, who study natural geography according to high - level thinking skills and the average score of students of the control group who study the same material in the traditional way in the test.of (0.05) between the average score of the experimental group students who study natural geography according to high - level thinking skills and the average score of control group students who study the same material in the traditional method in the retention test.

The aim of the research to identify the effectiveness of the model to accelerate thinking in:1. Acquire biological concepts among second-grade students in biology.2.the mental skills of students in the second grade intermediate in biology. In order to verify the objectives of the research, the following two hypotheses were formulated:There are no statistical differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average score of experimental students who study biology according to the model of acceleration of thinking and the average grades of control group students who study the same subject according to the usual method of testing the acquisition of concepts.2. There are no significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average score of students in the experimental group who study biology on the model of accelerating the thinking and the average grades of control group students who study the same article according to the usual method of mental skills. In order to verify the validity of the two hypotheses, a two-month trial was conducted. The following procedures were adopted: The experimental design of the experimental groups and the post-test controls was used to acquire the biological concepts and the mental skills. According to this design, the "Medium Banner of Islam for Boys" was chosen by the General Directorate of Education in the holy governorate of Karbala by the mean method. The school (106) students divided into three divisions (A - B - C), randomly selected (A), the number of students (35) students to represent the experimental group, who studied on the model acceleration of thinking, and in the same way was chosen Division (C) The number of students (34) students Such as the control group who studied according to the normal method. The two groups were then statistically compensated for a set of variables: the age of time calculated in months, the educational achievement of the parents, previous achievement in biology, previous information, intelligence. The scientific material was determined in the last three grades (seventh, eighth and ninth) of the biology book (2016, i7), which is to be taught for the second intermediate grade by the Iraqi Ministry of Education for the academic year 2016-2017. The content of the chapters was analyzed and a number of concepts (37) main concepts and (23) sub-concepts. According to these concepts, a number of behavioral goals were formulated, reaching (164) behavioral goals. In accordance with these objectives, (16) daily teaching plan for the experimental group and (16) p Of teaching daily to the control group. The researcher has developed according to conceptual map (15) a main and branch concept and gave each concept three experimental paragraphs according to the three cognitive processes (definition - discrimination - application) The test clauses were 45 multi-choice test pieces with four alternatives. The apparent honesty, the validity of the content (construction), the coefficient of difficulty, the coefficient of ease, the coefficient of discrimination, the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives for each of the test paragraphs were found, and the stability coefficient of the test was found in two ways: (0.85), corrected by Spearman-Brown (0.92), and Kyoder Richardson-20 (0.83) The second tool consisted of testing the mental skills, which consisted of (9) skills, each skill (4) test paragraphs, and thus the total number of test paragraphs (36) test paragraph of the type of multiple choice of four alternatives, The reliability of the content, the coefficient of difficulty, the coefficient of ease, the coefficient of discrimination, the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives and the stability coefficient were two ways: the midterm split (77%) and the Spearman-Brown equation (0.86) and the Kieder Richardson-20 equation (0.84(. The experiment was applied in the second semester of the academic year (2016 - 2017) and over the course of (8 weeks). The actual teaching started on Wednesday, 1/3/2017 and ended on Sunday, 2017). After using the appropriate statistical means, the results showed that the students of the experimental group who studied on the model of acceleration of thinking on the students of the control group studied according to the normal method in the tests of the acquisition of biological concepts and mental skills. In the teaching of biology for the second grade average because of the P In addition to suggesting a similar study on other variables and for other stages of study.

The aim of this research is to define the impact of the strategy (extended reading) on the achievement of students in the fifth grade literary literature and texts. "To achieve the goal of research، the researcher put the following zero hypothesis:There was no statistically significant difference (0,05) between the average achievement of students in the experimental group studying literature and texts using the strategy (extended reading) and students of the control group who study the same material in the usual way. The researcher chose the experimental method with partial control and chose the experimental design for two experimental groups and a control and a post-achievement test. The researcher randomly selected Ali Jawad al-Taher to conduct his experiment. In the same way، the researcher chose two groups for the two research groups. For the parents and grades of the first semester in the Arabic language for the academic year 2016-2017. The scientific material included (8) subjects from the book of literature and texts and the second semester، and the researcher formulated the behavioral objectives of the curriculum of the teacher The students studied the experimental group using the extended reading strategy and the control group according to the normal method. The experiment lasted 10 weeks and the researcher prepared a collection test of (40) ) A multi-choice type. After testing the validity of the test subjects، the researcher applied the achievement test to the two research groups after the end of the trial period. The researcher used the appropriate statistical methods for the research. The study concluded that the students of the experimental group Bear and texts using the expanded reading strategy on the control group)، statistically significant difference at the level of (0,05).

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the strategy of analyzing the educational task in acquiring the rhetorical concepts among the students in the preparatory stage. To achieve this goal, the researcher formulated the following main hypothesis: There was no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the averages of the research groups in the test of acquisition of post-rhetorical concepts, and from the main hypothesis the researcher formulated the following hypotheses: 1_There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average score of the students of the experimental group who study the rhetoric and the application using the strategy (analysis of the educational task) and the average score of the students of the control group who study the same subject in the usual way in the test of acquisition of post-rhetorical concepts.2_There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average score of the students of the experimental group who study the language of rhetoric and the application using the strategy (analysis of the educational task) and the average score of the students of the control group who study the same article in the usual way in the test of acquisition of post-rhetorical concepts. 3_There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average score of the students of the experimental group who study the rhetoric and the application using the strategy (analysis of the educational task) and the average scores of the experimental group students who study the same subject with the same strategy in the test of acquisition of post-concepts.In order to achieve this, the researcher chose the partial experimental design. The researcher randomly selected Al-Khansaa Preparatory School for Girls and Al-Tali'ah Preparatory School for Girls. The researcher conducted an equalization among the students of the research groups in the following variables: the age of the students calculated in months, the grades of the Arabic language in the first course exam for the academic year 2016-2017, the academic achievement of the parents, The following is a summary of the course material that will be studied during the period of the experiment, namely the following topics (metaphor, metaphorical, metonymy, news, construction, real and miraculous order, real prohibition and metaphorical prohibition) from the book of rhetoric and application for the fifth grade written for the 2016-2017 academic year, Of these concepts reached (60) behavioral goals and extracted (13) concept of head and branch for the purpose of preparing the test of the acquisition of rhetorical concepts, and prepared plans for the subjects to be taught during the duration of the experiment, which lasted (10) weeks of the search groups, The researcher prepared the test of the acquisition of rhetorical concepts consisting of (39) thematic test cases of the type of multiple choice. According to the validity, consistency, coefficient of discrimination, difficulty and effectiveness of alternatives to this test, the results showed a superiority The experimental groups are on control groups and the experimental group is superior to females on experimental group males

The deletion is a common language phenomenon in which human languages are involved. Speakers tend to delete some repetitive elements of speech. They are more consistent and clear in Arabic to the tendency of Arabs to be brief and to speak fluently. We have touched upon the manifestations of the deletion in the book of Durat al-Mufla'id and the interpretation of the hadeeth of the scribe (T 420H) in two sections: the deletion of the nun in (tak, takn), and (we, My words (obey, and be able), and (taken, and taken) in the similar verses in the Koran. We have reached some good results. Note that this research is derived and extracted from the master thesis, entitled "The Book of Durat al-Muhallam and the Interpretation of the Writings of the Scapegoat" (T 420H).

The Political situation in South Korea has been affected by the natural political results of the Nixon Administration, but despite some political gaps between Washington and Seoul at this stage, it has not led to Washington abandoning South Korea and its regime, Facing all internal objections to politicians' antagonism, the Nixon Administration nevertheless dealt with the de facto status of Park's Political Power and enabled it to legitimize its internal Procedures, which led to differences of views between the executive and legislative branches in Washington over the legitimacy of Park's Support .

Many historical studies dealt with a lot of humanitar aspects in the holy Quran. One of these studies was about the crying ritual for being mentioned in its verses as well as the prophet's sayings. Some of the prophet'(Pbuh) saying traditious the believers to cry. These sayings reved praise to the weeping of the ground and the sky as well as the prophet's cry for the affliction of Imam Hussein(Pbuh) .This study focused on the emotional and humanitarian studies of crying since Adam's time and that it is innate and natural. The prophet Muhammad (pbuh) mentioned that all prophet and messengers used to cry.

The aim of the study is to identify the researchers and students of science and society in the content of the sermon of Jumada Karbala and its role in social reform and uncover the citizens of corruption in society and develop solutions to those obstacles and problems according to the legitimate and ideological, national and social. In the theoretical aspect of the study, we discussed the concept of the Friday sermon, its objectives, characteristics, importance, how it is different, and then thought and communication in the analytical aspect. The descriptive approach was used in the method of analysis of the number of the twenty-seven sermons, after dividing them into main and subcategories through extrapolation, Then we reached the search results.The speech has been and continues to have an active role and decisive impact in the processes of human change, whether in the religious, scientific, intellectual, political, economic, social and military, because speech is the container of meaning and its messenger to the hearts and minds, which is the understanding through which humans. And the Islamic religion is the religion of humanity for all time and place did not miss the role of the sermon, but put it in its proper framework, making it the means to guide people and raise awareness of the community and the preparation of the good generation, has employed Islam Friday sermon in the call for noble values and ideals and superiority and morality virtuous to reach from heart to heart and thought to It is not surprising that the Friday sermon that precedes the Friday prayer, which is obligatory every week, is considered one of the tenets of Islam. It is through this Islamic platform that was spread in the lands of Islam that the concepts of the doctrine and the teachings of the Shari'a And the biography of prophets and imams, righteous and Mujahideen. Through this rostrum, many problems have been dealt with by Islamic visions, which have instilled in the heart of the recipient the spirit of jihad and reform. The listener is aware of the corruption, loss and perversion of life, as well as the role of immortal Islam and of those who died in the path of Jihad. The study dealt with the concept of the Friday sermon, its types, its objectives, its importance and its characteristics. The third topic was a khutbah (sermon) The fourth topic is the descriptive descriptive study of the twenty-seven sermons of Karbala. Today, we live in a changing world that is witnessing a tremendous explosion of knowledge, in which speech methods have been varied, and There were many references and concepts in which concepts and ideas, so it was necessary to root rules and methodology of ideas according to the vision on which the research is based.

The Qur'anic text has been, and still is, one of the most important linguistic codes of study and research. This is because of its system characteristics, which make it a text that has great communication capabilities that widen with its breadth. These systems are the ones who are interested in the Quranic passage of its most important importance, where my research entitled "The Phonetic Structure of the Quranic Interludes is a Study in Semantic Transformations." My purpose was to provide a serious linguistic reading in which the relationship between the opposites - They can be achieved through the textual consistency and harmony. The first part of the research is the Quranic passage, which is one of the most prominent forms of the vocal performance that characterized the Qur'anic discourse. It contributed to the effect on the recipient by arranging them in an artistic way The second element was the rhythmic structure of the Qur'anic passage in order to reveal the different forms of vocal performance that characterized the Qur'anic discourse. Goliath rhythm Quranic than that: the rhythm of verbal harmonies, contrastive rhythm, double and rhythm, and finally, not least the rhythm Morphological Rhythm. While the third element of the structure of the Accentuation analyzed the phonology of the Holy Quran, the most important sources of its manifestations: in terms of the nature of the Quranic narratives, its types and functions in the Coranic verses. After this brief theoretical presentation of the narrator, we should follow the applied line of this study, trying to monitor the sites of the Accentuation in the Qur'anic chapters, answering fundamental questions: What is the center of the syllables in the Qur'anic passages? What are the indications of this concentration? To what extent is the meaning extended or narrowed? The answer to this problem will be by following us to the movement of the Accentuation in the breaks sections of the Quranic passages, through the model wall short and then the model of the long fence.

The research aims to identify the impact of the apprenticeship strategy in:Comprehension and contemplative thinking among second grade students in physics. The researcher prepared a research tool: the first tool is the assembly test, which is the final form of (40) objective paragraph of the multiple choice type with the four alternatives, and the other tool (reflection test) which is in the end 30 evenly divided thinking skills thinking observation and classification Reasoning, prediction, measurement, communication, number use, temporal and spatial relationships). After processing the data, the researcher reached the results of the study, which was greater than the students of the experimental group on the students of the control group. In light of the results, the researcher came out with a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

The current study aims to build an educational program to develop reading readiness for primary school pupils according to specific indicators of teachers and educational supervisors by answering the following question: What indicators that contribute to the development of reading readiness for primary school students?The population was determined by the total number of teachers of Arabic language and supervisors in the center of Babylon province who were (1255). The sample represents a total of (331) teachers and supervisors by applying the random stratified method of sampling

The religious sources are full of texts of peremptory origin and the clear indication of the proof of a kind of life and perception of man after his departure from the world in another world called the world of asceticism, as evidenced by other texts on the color of the existential integration of man in that world, and despite the interest of many investigators the question of the world of Isthmus But we did not find them interested in the issue of existential integration of man in the Isthmus explicitly, and the article present in your hands is interested in the statement and analysis of this issue in the light of the Quran and Sunnah, because the revelation is the only tool knowledge of this algae issues beyond the realm of mental and sensory perception.

The present research aims to identify :(the effectiveness of the( Entwistle) model in the collection of subject the history of Islamic civilization in fourth grade students) for purpose of verifying this the researcher put hypothesis is zero: _ There is no statistically significant difference at( 0.05) level between the average score of students of the experimental group who studies subject history of Arab Islamic civilization according to the model of Entwistle and the average degrees of achievement of the students of the adjustment group who study the same subject